Ngubani na umYuda? Yintoni ezahlukeneyo ukusuka umYuda umYuda na?

Ngamnye kuthi ebesoloko nako ukuva wazifihlayo angaqhelekanga ukukhankanywa elimsulwa na ububi namanani - ". UmJuda" i Zicaca usoloko bazithembe yaye kuhleka lunya, kunye nentwana ye eyenza encumile iliso lakhe. Intsingiselo ifakwe kwi ethile nzulu, inqanaba ienjini - bambalwa abantu bazi kakuhle ukuba ngubani na umYuda. Ke ukuba nithi ke wena, impendulo eqinisekiswe ukuva uyayiqonda poddakivanie kunye ngehloko lwesamente. Kuphela apha akukho uyayichaza kakhulu. Kutheni nesimo sengqondo esinjalo amazwi ebonakala zesiqhelo? Kuthetha ukuthini? Ekugqibeleni, ngubani na umYuda?

Ntoni Orthodox?

Kuthiwa ngamaYuda kuthiwa amaYuda, kuphela imibala ngendelelo. Kodwa yonke into lula, bekungayi kubakho umbuzo umahluko phakathi komJuda ungumYuda, kwaye lokudlala khange alaziwa ethile mfihlakalo. Ukongeza, kwiingxoxo ngesizathu esithile, kamsinya nje kukho kukuphuculwa zonqulo: ukuba kunjalo ngokuba amaYuda. Kubonakala ukuba, abalandeli wokholo, yaye amagama ezimbini: amaYuda kunye namaYuda. Emva koko, ke, loo nto iphuma ngokucacileyo kakhulu. Ukujongana nale ukuba ngoncedo mbali ezaziwayo-kakuhle, amanqaku ngembali kunye nezinye iingxelo.

Ecaphula A. Nechvolodov

Umbhali-mbali ezaziwayo-kakuhle Russian, wabhala ukuba imvelaphi yegama elithi "umYuda" yinto nje elula. Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba amaYuda - inzala bakwaYuda, ukuze simise wonke ulwimi European ukuba igama layo. AmaJamani ukuzibiza "UYuda", amaNgesi - "lakwaYuda", isiFrentshi - "zhyuyf", kodwa izibonda ziye umnyulwa wakhe, oko kuthandwa ngabantu Russian - ". UmYuda" Kunye chroniclers kunye mbali waboleka isiteketiso uze usebenzise kuyo yonke indawo. Oku kunokubonwa kwiincwadi zabo kudala, xa kungekho ibango elithi ayizange kuvuka.

Kutheni ke eya?

Kubonakala, ngoko oko wayethanda "umYuda", sakuba etymology ayiqulathanga nto? Apha kwaye kufuneka abuyele ukholo kunye neenkolo. Kuba amaYuda Orthodox - iintshaba zikaKristu, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, eza kwaYuda - ungumngcatshi, njengamaKristu abathi. Oku kuthetha ukuba amaYuda - abantu bamlahla uThixo. Ngenxa Orthodox utsho ngokuzithemba ukuba ingxaki kukuba maYuda andithandi ukuba njalo ngokuthi - ngenxa bagxuphuleka umzabalazo, hayi enye into. Ngenxa yokuba "umYuda" emehlweni umKristu wenene inokuba umntu naluphi na uhlanga, waguquka ebuJudeni, yaye ngaloo ndlela emke uYesu Kristu.

Ezinkulu ezinqabileyo ...

Makhe nibuyele acacisayo Dictionary Dal. UmJuda kwi ITalmud luchazwa "ekumnikeni, itshivela," njl Not definition abonga kakhulu, kodwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuba isithetha-ntonye segama elithi "umYuda," zange vu, bangabi sakhunjulwa. Yiloo nto ke, umbuzo wokuba ngubani umYuda kulwimi Russian, unako ngokunyanisekileyo ukuphendula - Umntu obawayo. Ngaphandle ebhekisele nantoni yobuhlanga, ezenkolo, njalo-njalo. Kodwa le nto kakhulu ihambelane ngenxa yesizathu esithile iwela kwisiqalo kwayo yonke enye into, engazanga wabonwa ingxabano eyaneleyo.

Kwaye Kungenzeka ingxabano wesizwe?

Uzizuze phi waya: ukungathandi jikelele wamaYuda? Mhlawumbi lo mkhuba nokonyanywa kwamaJuda eRashiya ezama kamhlophe nje, kwaye aluhlaza ngokupheleleyo? efana kakhulu.

Inyaniso fun: yapapashwa ngo-1978-1980 yaye akazange zitshintshiwe (ngokwe kuguqulelo) Dal Dictionary page kunye kwenkcazo "umYuda" aliqulathanga. Naku wadala iimeko ezifanele ukwengeza a bazibandakanye elitsha. Ngokutsho kuyo, umYuda - nobuzwe, kungekhona ilungu loluntu zonqulo zamaYuda.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo nto yabangela ukuba amaYuda kwakukho amaYuda, eneneni, engazange wacacisa. Ubugqwetha la magama mabini okwenziwe, nokutyhilwa yesibini bexoka bathunyelwa ukuya kowokuqala. Kwabakho ke ngequbuliso - uhlanga-utshaba.

Enye zingamampunge - impazamo logic efihlakeleyo

"Isizwe utshaba" Yintoni engalunganga kule nxaki? Okokuqala, mhlawumbi, kukuba amaYuda akazange waba uhlanga. Ekuso ukholo nonqulo. Kuba lobuYuda, esele zichazwe kweli nqaku. Ukusuka lo mbono indawo Orthodox, nangona zokuziphatha kakhulu, kodwa nenengqondo thaca.

Nakuba, Kakade ke, umbuzo yohlanga, kakhulu, zonke arhabaxa kangaka. Apha isizathu: ngesiHebhere "umYuda" kuthetha yaye bobakhe uhlanga, okanye inkolo, nakumaSirayeli onke - imo ngokusemthethweni.

Tale of nendlela uluntu yamaYuda bazama ukwenza isizwe

Teodor Gertsl wanikela inkcazelo isizwe-ethnos. Ngokutsho kwakhe, oku nje iqela labantu kunye ngaphambili ngokwembali kwaye ubambiswano langoku, kodwa unobangela wale ekuhlaleni - lo utshaba eqhelekileyo. Oko kukuthi, ngokutsho Herzl, akukho lutshaba - akukho umanyano. Ingxelo impikiswano, kodwa lichaza kakuhle ngoko ingqikelelo nokonyanywa kwamaJuda: ukuxinezeleka wesizwe yenza uhlanga wayewaxinile.

Kukho amaYuda kwaye kukho amaJuda ...

Bonke khumbula saziwe ukuba kukho baseJamani, kwaye kukho lwamaNazi? Apha. UngumJuda, umJuda: Umahluko phakathi kwabo lo mgaqo efanayo. Ubuncinane, ukuba kusoloko kukho abo bathi njalo.

Abanye abantu bayazibuza ngokunyanisekileyo kutheni amaYuda wabonakalaliswa inzondo enjalo. Kumgangatho ethile likazwelonke, nokuba loo mntu ingakumbi akazi ukuba babathiye njani, lobuciko ngohlobo iziqhulo lukhozi oluthe chokochoko nje zogxininiso ezifana "umYuda" Ukuveza kusolwa ukuba zigxeka sengqondo. Kwaye oko kuhle, ukuba singabenzakalisi nabani nemvukelo, kodwa kukho eneneni - uluhlu lwe nemiphumela emibi.

Kwaye nangona yokuba phakathi amaYuda imfumba lonke izazinzulu, amagcisa, buchopho. UmJuda ekumnikeni umthengisi - frequenter kunokuba indala retellings, ubuso eliqaqambileyo iincwadi eziziisekondari.

A bit of iingxelo zembali

Mazingabhidaniswa: a tale Orthodox nokudelwa kwabo amaYuda, kwakunye dictionary explanatory yeminyanya, kunye yayo ngokuhlakanipha kuthiwa anti-kwamaJuda - hayi amanqaku ngokwesiseko ezahlukeneyo ezimbini umbono. Okokuqala, kungekhona kuthi, yaye okwesibini, omnye umntu andingekhe ndikukhanyele.

Ngoko ke, thatha thina sisiganeko ezimbalini ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: imvelaphi yegama elithi "umYuda" osuka kwi "kaYudas 'yaye ekuqaleni akazange ingqiqo kubuhlungu. Eli gama Ekuqaleni zisuswe iingxelo ukususela ekuqaleni n II. Ngaba utshintsho efana reinterpretation yangoku igama elithi "nigger", wavele waba ngqwabalala.

Phela, lo gama eRashiya ababhali Russian sele kwafuneka ukuzilanduleka intiyo yakhe izityholo kubonakaliswa ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yabo kwi "ephosakeleyo," ilizwi, noMmandla Polish-Ukrainian kuyo, kunjalo, ngasemva. Xa yemihlaba kula mazwe ukuba iye yahlala injalo.

ingxaki kuphela Russian

Sidlulisa uluhlu izinto ezinomdla: kwinguqulelo IsiNgesi igama elithi "umYuda" ukufumana "umYuda". Xa inguqulelo yegama elithi "umYuda" (ingqalelo!) - naye "umYuda". Ke umahluko phakathi umYuda umYuda? Xa kuqala kwinqanaba elithile waba nochuku.

Le meko mandundu ngemihla olawulo eSoviet: kuqala ilizwi enxulumene counter-revolution ngenxa yokuduma anti-yiSoviet ye abelungu. Kwaye ngethuba leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic "umYuda" ezikhuphile "superstructure" ehlazisayo ngentla ekubhekiselwe kuyo, engaquki isandla susceptibility yakhe ngokweemvakalelo kangangoko - konke nje mandundu.

Le ke ukuguqula kuncothulwa kakhulu kangangokuba ngoku avelisa inguqu eguqulweyo ngokubaxwa iya kuba ngaphezu nzima.

"UmYuda": ixabiso

Ngu dictionary ecacisiweyo yeminyanya kweli nqaku aye wafikelela. Kwaye ukuba ningakholwa nguye (hayi, ukuba nikholwe kuye, yena, akukho zizathu), i "umYuda" - Abantu ababawayo, ekumnikeni, ukuba nje - a itshivela. Ukhawuleza ukhumbule ukuba nemvukelo odumileyo ngayo amaYuda. Xa chain kusengqiqweni kakhulu igama-ubizo. Kodwa ukufumana impendulo yalo mbuzo, sifunda oku kulandelayo: andiyenzi kutheni amaYuda - amaYuda, kodwa kutheni amaYuda zithathwa ekumnikeni.

Lyon Levinson wakha wathi ukunyoluka yamaYuda ngokuqinisekileyo ikhona. Njengoko kwakunye isiFrentshi kunye American, kunye Ukrainian. waphawula echanekileyo emangazayo. Wonke hlanga intle yonke; na abameli ilungileyo, kwaye kukho embodiments okulungileyo.

Association "ukunyoluka-amaYuda"

Isizathu sokuqala. Zenkolo. Kwakhona, uYuda, kwaye kwakhona kuluhlu lwabantu abaziwa ngokungahlawuli abantu bakhe nokufa. Imbuka Skariyoti wathengisa uYesu ngemali, kuba amaqhosha esilivere angamashumi amathathu (oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, hayi kangako), ngoko zonakaliswa kukubawa. ubhalo ekumnikeni ezinxulumene kumaYuda, ukanti, endleleni, bemkile ngokupheleleyo kwezinye nguYuda. Kungekho nto ekuqaleni kweli nqaku yaba ukucacisa: ukudibanisa Orthodox kumaYuda Sikariyoti, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba ilungile. Kuba ngokwenene - hayi, konke konke. UYudas wabizwa kwakhona kwaye omnye abalandeli bakaKristu, nto Obey zifihlakele.

Isizathu sesibini. Kuphela ngokwembali lusekiwe. Ngokusisiseko, yaye esi sizathu ludityanisiwe ngakumbi ne ubuKristu. I-Church kumaXesha Aphakathi, wawusalela phantse zonke iintlobo yonxulumano emali. Credit, Noko ke, kubalulekile nje kuphela zezoqoqosho kodwa kwezolimo, nto leyo esele benza abalimi zamaKristu. Yintoni amaYuda abangenanto Kungcono ntoni? Injalo loo nto - ahlawule manuelle mboleko. Ke ngoko yonke into ifana clockwork: ngokwendalo, yonke umbolekisi isebenza, ikakhulu, ngokufumana inzuzo, nokuba amaYuda wazihlanganisa nale intsimi ekumnikeni olubawayo yomsebenzi - umbandela kwexesha, nto ngakumbi. Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, olu hlanga uyaqonda ngokwayo kwezinye iindawo, hayi kuphela kurhwebo kunye zebhanki.

Isishwankathelo Iziphelo

Ngoko ke, oko kuza kwisigqibo? Yiya phezu konke okubhaliweyo nje ngentla:

1. Imfihlakalo ngemvelaphi yegama elithi "umYuda" unyukela igama uYuda.
2. I-Orthodox bakholelwa ukuba eliphuma amaYuda uYudas - uYuda Sikariyoti, lowo wamngcatshayo uYesu. Ngenxa yokuba amaKristu ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba ngubani na umYuda - nguye nawuphi na umYuda, njengoko inkolelo abangcatshi abaye bandinikele umva kuThixo egameni kaMtyholi (uSathana).
3. "UmYuda" - igama yamandulo yamaYuda.
4. Ukusuka indawo ethile, "umYuda" baqala ukubathwala neemvakalelo ezimbi. Ukususela amaxwebhu asemthethweni ilizwi aba Cima, bhala, babe neentloni.
5. Ukutolikwa elithi "umYuda" - elukhuni, ukunyoluka.
6. AmaYuda kuthiwa uyabawa, ngenxa yokuba uYudas Skariyoti wamngcatsha uYesu imali.
7. Ukongeza, umbutho kunye ukubawa livela into yokuba amaYuda yehlabathi Mandulo kakhulu inxaxheba kurhwebo, zebhanki, ityala kunye noqoqosho.
8. Ndiyamangala ukuba kutheni na amaYuda amaYuda, zichazwe kuphela isithuba post-Soviet njenge inguqulelo ulwimi lwasemzini la magama yedwa.
9. Kukho ingcamango yokuba Umbala elibi igama elithi "umYuda" yenye amanqaku isicwangciso eyenza artificially anti-kwamaJuda phakathi baseRashiya.

Njengoko kubonakala, ezingachanekanga kusekho indawo ukuba. Ngelishwa, le nto isihloko apho ungenza kwisigqibo ecacileyo. Inkqubo Ukusekwa engaguqukiyo ekucingeni, intiyo iintlanga ngamnye kunye nabameli enye - loo nto elide yaye kwasekwa ngokwembali. Kodwa "amaYuda", ifoto apho wambi kusetyenziswa bahlekwa kunye ezingemnandi neesiginitsha - abantu kuphela ngubani, njengoko nisazi, ungekho elungileyo kuphela okanye kuphela embi.