Mikhailovsky Castle, ilitye lesikhumbuzo kuPetros I: inkcazelo, imbali umdla facts

Legend yokuba le nqaba wamandulo zipeyintwe imiyalelo loMlawuli Paul iiglavu amanenekazi Umbala 'yelo kwinkosikazi yakhe entle. Ngokutsho komnye legend, oko woxande olude limangalisa, kuthiwa ke kwangaphambili ukufa kabuhlungu yenkosi yakhe. Abasebenzi nqaba namhlanje wathi ukuba kukho eninzi eyimfihlakalo unanamhla. Ukongeza kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela into amabali zingqonge i Mikhailovsky Castle. Monument kuPetros mna, oma phambi kwayo, naye unomdla omkhulu.

indaba

Le nqaba, ekwabizwa ngokuba Iinjineli, ngokutsho amaxwebhu kwenkulungwane ye-18, wabizwa ngokuba Palace of St. Michael. Kukho ubungqina bokuba kumzobo yokuqala Iinjineli 'Inqaba benziwa ngesandla yoMlawuli noPawulos, Noko ke, akazange kodwa ahlala etroneni, yaye kuphela yinkosana. Iminyaka eli-12, ukunyuka nge abaninzi 13 zabo zokuhlala kwabo elizayo, nto leyo kamva yaziwa ngokuba "Castle St. Michael kaThixo." Monument kuPetros eSt Petersburg yakhiwa nguye, kodwa ingcamango yakhe-mkhulu ekule kuPawulos - * kuKhesare yokuqala eRashiya.

Kutheni le nqaba igama St. Michael?

Ngokutsho legend, sakuba isiza wasebhotwe yaba yabalindi, kwaye apha ubusuku omnye amadoda ababethwele iwotshi apha, yaba uMikayeli. Emva kokuba yakhiwe enqabeni yomkhosi, ecaleni bhulorho kwi niche yawo sejoni encinane sadlala. Bathi ukuba kaMichael yayibizwa ngenxa yokuba icawa Arhangela Mihaila kubekwe endaweni yayo. Ke yena uyaziwa, iye ithathwe umxhasi isicaka Romanov ubukhosi. Kodwa igama layo wesibini, oko kukuthi, lo Iinjineli 'Castle, waye 20 kwenkulungwane ye-19, xa wadalwa kwi-Main Engineering School kuwo. Ke ezikhethiweyo kwindawo yokwakha, kukho omnye lamandulo. Kanye kule ndawo enye Kumi kwibhotwe hlobo intombi kaPetros Elizabeth Yokuqala. Azalwa kuyo uPawulos kuqala. Ngoko ke wayefuna ikhaya lakhe elitsha yakhiwa kwi ndawo enye apho wazalwa.

Qala of zokwakha

Kamsinya nje uPawulos wenyuka etroneni komlawuli, wayalela ukuba ukuqala ukwakhiwa ibhotwe yamaphupha abo. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1797. Kwaba ngoko ukuba uMlawuli ngokwakhe wabeka isiseko isakhiwo, hayi kuphela iingqekembe zegolide, njengoko kwakusenziwa ngaloo mihla, kodwa izitena yonke yenziwe leyaspisi. Ukususela ngoko waqalisa isakhiwo ozukileyo, isiphumo elimiswe ngayo Mikhailovsky Castle. Monument kuPetros Ndamiswa pchut phambi kokuba kugqitywe yokuhlala. Ngomhla kokwakhiwa nqaba asebenza abasebenzi zokwakha ngaphezulu kwama-6000. Benza imini nobusuku, ngoko ke isakhiwo yakhiwe ngokupheleleyo emi-4. Ngoko ke iqela ndlu-esotha ngokugqibeleleyo elilungelelanisiweyo. I koMlawuli Wavuya ukuba nako ukuphumeza isicwangciso lakhe, yaye iya kuqhubeka bephila enqabeni, leyo yena uyinkosi. Noko ke, akuzange kube kudala umiselwe ukonwabela zava emakhaya lakhe elitsha: kanye-40 iintsuku emva housewarming noPawulos wabulawa egumbini lakhe lokulala. Emva kwesi siganeko ebuhlungu, intsapho yasebukhosini akazange afune ukuba ahlale e St Michael, waza waya kuhlala kwi Winter Palace.

iimpawu

Mikhailovsky Castle (a lesikhumbuzo kuPetros mna, kunye naye) - enye ezikhumbuzo zokwakha kakhulu yokuqala eSt Petersburg. Akazange abe analogue. Yena wahluke gqitha kwezinye onke amabhotwe kwikomkhulu emantla. Ngapha koko, ukuba kuhlelwe lomhleli kunye koMlawuli uPawulos, naye yabamba isihloko Master of the baseMalta. iphupha UPawulos ukuba enqabeni yakhe yaba isihlalo sokufumana Knights yiMalta. Yiyo ke loo nto umbona ujonge a ephakathi intsomi ebhotwe. Ngokutsho ingcamango uPawulos, ummandla bhotwe waba imida yendalo - Water Sink kunye Fontanka, kwaye iCawa kunye Voznesensky channels. Kwathi kanti loo ndawo ibhotwe njengoko kunjalo kwi-siqithi, elifikeleleka nge yomhlaba kwo.

Bayahlelwa ebuhlungu enqabeni emva kokufa yomnini

Emva kokuba ebulewe uPawulos, le nqaba obutofotofo wawa azisalungiseki epheleleyo. Kamva, xa ezihlangwini zakhe Alexander I ukwenza inkonzo zodidi itafile yesilivere ezifunekayo izinto, ke luhlelwe lengca ubuhle onezibonda ucango Amazing babekhonza ecaweni ebhotwe. Yaye ebudeni bolawulo loMlawuli Nicholas ndaba uhlobo olude uvimba yemveliso marble ngenxa labazobi ibhotwe ukuze kwakhiwe Hermitage entsha. Njengoko usazi, phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-19 lanikwa kwi Military School oyiNtloko. Kodwa ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II esibhedlele emkhosini yamiselwa apha. Kwaba kuphela ngo-1994 Mikhailovsky Castle, ilitye lesikhumbuzo kuPetros I phezu ebhotwe kunye etempileni bezibekwe phantsi kokhuselo lwe Russian Museum, ngoko waqala ukwakha elikhulu-isikali umsebenzi wokulungisa, nto leyo eyakhokelela umbhiyozo wesikhumbuzo sama- 300 ka kwikomkhulu wasentla. Ekugqibeleni, wafumana owayesakuba ngobuhle. Okwangoku, Castle Michael kaThixo yenye amasebe yimyuziyam.

Monument kuPetros 1 phambi Mikhailovsky Castle

A unyaka phambi kokuba ekugqityweni kokwakhiwa enqabeni uPawulos Okokuqala, oko kukuthi, ngo-1800, ilitye * kuKhesare yokuqala Russian elimiswe ngaphambili kwindawo ebhotwe - Great Peter I. ndanxiba la mazwi: "omkhulu-uyisemkhulu i umzukulwana". Ingcamango sculpture yaba uPetros. Yaye umbhali wayo yaba Rastrelli omkhulu. Hi ndlela leyi, lesikhumbuzo ukuze uPetros Olukhulu Castle St. Michael yeyona lesikhumbuzo lokuqala samahashe liphela kummandla Russia. Phambi eziza kwakhiwa endaweni yembutho, wahlala kwi "ongaphantsi 'lakwaWinter Palace malunga engama-50.

History of the lesikhumbuzo

Ixesha echumayo wobukumkani bakhe uPeter Omkhulu, kunye Ukubheka endleleni yaye esazi izinto ezinkulu anenzele ilizwe lakhe, wagqiba kwelokuba immortalize inkumbulo yakhe. Emva kokuba win kweli dabi Poltava, waza wamitha zakhiwa kule ndawo iphiramidi ilitye umfanekiso yobuqu ekukhuleni ngokupheleleyo, yaye ihashe, nto leyo eza kukhutshelwa yobhedu. Noko ke, ixesha kurhulumente kunokuba nzima, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba elinye ukuphunyezwa izimvo zabo ukuze bafumane ixesha elingenammiselo. Ngowe-1716, eSt Petersburg wafika nomkroli enkulu umyili Bartolomeo Karlo Rastrelli. Wamenywa ukuba udale i lesikhumbuzo kuPetros Omkhulu. Malunga neminyaka emibini wasebenza ekuvelisweni imodeli njengodongwe nehashe elo litye lesikhumbuzo. Kodwa lokuphinda i ikopi ngqo kobuso mlawuli Rastrelli wathabatha Ndibuyeke ubuso bakhe isigqumathelo udaka, efana elidumile yelo xesha. Phela, kunye yayo (imaski) kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa angwevu, anencindi uPetros umhlola. Njengoko wayezelwe umbhalo umlawuli elikhulu gqitha kuba phezu lesikhumbuzo. Ngomsebenzi wakhe wathabatha yonke iqela zinesitafu kunye nabafundi ze-Royal Academy of Paris. kwafuneka ukuba Latin kwisicatshulwa. Yena lihombise namhlanje Ilitye eliSisikhumbuzo kuPetros phambi Mikhailovsky Palace.

ukuqondiswa okubalulekile

Grand uMlawuli ndakhuthazwa gqitha into yokuba kungekudala uza kukwazi phambili ngokwayo ngokwakha le lesikhumbuzo yokuqala Russian samahashe. Xa wayetyelele workshop apho asebenza Rastrelli, waza wamnika icebiso exabisekileyo kwaye aluncedo. Ku ri na ngo 1719, IMfazwe Enkulu Northern kufika esiphelweni, kwaye uBukhosi Russian yaba ziintshatsheli kuyo. Oku kwakuthetha ukuba lesikhumbuzo omtsha bekufanele ukuba ukuthatha ngokoyisa Russia xa iyonke, kunye nomlawuli walo. Emva kweminyaka 5, mna beliselilunge imodeli entsha njengomthwebeba le lesikhumbuzo. Abahlalutyi abaninzi babekholelwa ukuba le lesikhumbuzo igcwele iinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo. Noko ke, asimele silibale ukuba fanele ukuba Ixesha ezimbejembeje, ngokwenene apho has ukuthambekela kwemfuneko tofo.

incazelo

Ekuqaleni lesikhumbuzo uPetros Olukhulu Castle St. Michael iye ifomu elilandelayo. Ihashe onamandla, apho ahleli phezu kwazo umlawuli nako. Ezinyaweni ihashe inyoka - uphawu ngomona. Kamva wafudukela Bronze umgadi. Le lesikhumbuzo kwakhona ibe amanani ezintandathu yimizekeliso - iimpawu, lo oqingqiweyo Neva, cupid, kwinqanaba ezisentlabathini. Ngexesha ubomi uPetros ukuba lesikhumbuzo lwakhethwa kwenye indawo - iNdlu Yeengwevu Square yobudala Vasilevsky Island. UPeter wayesithanda umqondo Rastrelli. Nangona kunjalo, eli nqaku engahambi ngokukhawuleza ukuze ukuphosa yobhedu.

povort nxi entsha

Emva uPetros wafa ngo-1725, malunga ne-10 leminyaka ubudala kunye nabalandeli bakhe abazange ukukhumbula malunga lesikhumbuzo. Ke kaloku, nesigxina ukusuka kaNondyebo kaRhulumente umsebenzi Rastrelli wafumana kuphela ngo-1734. Kuba malunga 7 neminyaka emva lesikhumbuzo kuqokelela uthuli kwi navimba, kodwa xa ngamandla weza, intombi Enkulu uMlawuli Elizabeth, wagqiba kwelokuba akhumbuze izifundo zakhe, intombi umntu kaThixo. Kwaye ngo-1943 ngokwemiyalelo kuvimba wakhe mna ndibeke ilitye lesikhumbuzo kuPetros I (Castle St. Michael kaThixo, phambi apho riya, kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, sakhiwa). UKumkanikazi wayefuna ukuba limise phambi lakwaWinter Palace. Noko ke, wabancina lesikhumbuzo, bafika kwisigqibo sokuba ayisazanelisi Ukuthanda mihla, kwaye kufuneka ukuba ziqukunjelwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko uyiphathisiweyo Bartolomeo sele nokuguga. Ngenxa yoko, i na elaa litye lithe kuphela nomfanekiso ngokoyisa umlawuli kungekho BAS-imikrolo kunye njengobuxoki. Rastrelli wakholiswa umntwana wakhe, kodwa yena akazange umiselwe ukumbona phezu kwamanqwanqwa. Njengoko usazi, kuphela 1800. uPawulos kuqala ilitye lesikhumbuzo kuPetros I. The Mikhailovsky Castle waba yokuhlala umzukulwana Yokuqala Russian uMlawuli emva komsitho konyaka.