Imiba hlathi - kwamahlathi. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi - ingxaki yokusingqongileyo. Forest - imiphunga le planethi

elide sele kudlule izazinzulu ukuthetha malunga neziphumo eziyingozi notshintsho zobugcisa kokusingqongileyo. utshintsho lwemozulu, ukunyibilika komkhenkce, ukunciphisa umgangatho wamanzi okusela nefuthe elibi kakhulu ubomi babantu. Kwezenkolo ehlabathini lonke ixesha elide isandi alarm malunga ungcoliseko nokutshatyalaliswa endalo. Enye enkulu iingxaki zokusingqongileyo yi kwamahlathi. iingxaki Ihlathi zingabonakala ingakumbi kumazwe ephucukile. Zemvelo zikholelwa ukuba kwamahlathi kukhokelela kwiziphumo ezininzi ezimbi ukuba umhlaba nabantu. Ngaphandle amahlathi apho kuya kubakho nto iphilayo emhlabeni, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuqonda abo eziphembelela ulondolozo yabo. Noko ke, iinkuni iye yorhwebo into ibiza elide. Kwaye ngoko ke ingxaki kwamahlathi iyazalisekiswa nzima enjalo. Mhlawumbi abantu nje abaqapheli ukuba ubomi babo bonke exhomekeke kule eziphilayo. Nangona bonke kudala ayeze ehlathini, ngokufuthi amnike umsebenzi omlingo. Yena owondla kunye ubomi esinika amandla endalo obumntwisiweyo. Wayemthanda, imithi siphathwe ngenkathalo, baze basabela nookhokho bethu efanayo.

Emahlathini le planethi

Kuwo onke amazwe, kwamahlathi ezinkulu olwenziwa kuzo zonke iimbombo zomhlaba. ingxaki ehlathini kukuba ngokutshatyalaliswa imithi babulala iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo nezilwanyana. Iphazamisa kwezinto eziphilayo yendalo. Emva yasehlathini - ukuba nje imithi. Le ecosystem iyavisisana, ngokusekelwe impefumlelwano iintlobo ezininzi enezityalo nezilwanyana. Ukongeza imithi, kubaluleke kakhulu ubukho balo babe amatyholo, izityalo herbaceous, ulele, izinambuzane, izilwanyana kunye iintsholongwane. Nangona kwamahlathi mass, kusekho amahlathi ngu-30% yendawo mhlaba. Oku eziibhiliyoni ezi-4 eehektare zomhlaba. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha yabo - ukuba amahlathi. Kodwa ke, kubaluleke kakhulu kwi eziphilayo emhlabeni badlala kakuhle owasentla, kwimiboniso ingakumbi coniferous. Ilizwe bazizinhanha emhlabeni yi uhlaza - yi Finland kunye Canada. In Russia kukho malunga ne-25% loovimba yehlathi yehlabathi. Mncinanana kubo bonke imithi eseleyo eYurophu. Ngoku amahlathi dla kuphela kwisithathu nommandla wayo, nangona kumaxesha amandulo wayifulela ngokupheleleyo kunye nemithi. Kwaye, umzekelo, e-England beziphantse ukumka, 6% kuphela yomhlaba sanikelwa iipaki emasimini.

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Asezikhundleni ngaphezu kwesiqingatha intsimi ehlathini eluhlaza. Izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba kukho 80% lweentlobo zezilwanyana na ukuba abulawe ngaphandle ecosystem njengesiqhelo. Noko ke, kwamahlathi amahlathi ashinyeneyo ngoku olukhawulezileyo. Kwezinye iingingqi, ezifana West Afrika okanye eMadagascar, sele siphelelwa 90% yehlathi. Zashiya Imeko eMzantsi Merika, apho ngaphezulu kwe-40% bagawula imithi. Ingxaki Rainforest - ukuba nje kumazwe apho afumaneka. Ukutshatyalaliswa inani elikhulu enjalo kukhokelela kwintlekele yendalo. Ngapha koko, kuye kube nzima ukuvavanya indima edlalwe yi amahlathi kubomi babantu. Ngoko ke, izazinzulu ehlabathini jikelele isandi alarm.

Ixabiso kwamahlathi

1. Inika abantu mpilo. Ngoko akukho ngozi bathi hlathi - emiphungeni kulo mhlaba. Yaye uvelisa ioksijini nje kuphela, kodwa lubamba ezinye iikhemikhali ungcoliso, ezihlambulule umoya. Ngobulumko amalungiselelo ecosystem oqokelela carbon, kubalulekile ukuba ubukho eziphilayo emhlabeni. Kwakhona inceda ukuthintela yi greenhouse effect, nto leyo ngakumbi ngokwemvelo.
2. Ehlathini sikhusela kwindawo ezingqongileyo utshintsho ubushushu namandla, kuneqabaka ebusuku, nto leyo kakuhle ichaphazele urhulumente yezolimo. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba sezulu onomoya apho inkoliso ndawo igcwele nemithi.
3. Benefits Forest izityalo nangoku kwinto yokuba ikhusela umhlaba ukuba yakuhlamba ngumoya yokhukuliseko, landslides kunye mudflows. Territory, imithi ayegqunyelelwe, ukuthintela isanti ukuphazamisa.
4. Wood ludlala indima ebalulekileyo umjikelo wamanzi. It okucoca nje kuphela kwaye azigcine ngayo emhlabeni, kodwa inceda entwasahlobo ngexesha imilambo ezaliswe imijelo yamanzi kunye nemilambo, ukuvimbela iindawo zokuxinana kwamanzi. Ehlathini inceda ukugcina umgangatho komhlaba kwaye zithintela ukhukhuliseko. Ukufunxeka komisa esineengcambu umhlaba nolunzulu kwamanzi isishiya kuyanceda ukuphepha imbalela.

Ukusetyenziswa yamahlathi nokuxhotyiswa kwabantu

iindawo Green kubalulekile ukuba umntu, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa yokuba elawula umjikelo wamanzi kunye nokubonelela zonke izinto eziphilayo ne-oksijini. Ehlathini kukho malunga nekhulu imithi yeziqhamo kunye berry kunye namatyholo, kwakunye neenkozo zepistasi, iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200 imifuno ezityiwayo amayeza kunye neenkowane. Kukho yayivelisa ezininzi zezilwanyana, umz Sable, a marten, icula okanye ziiprotein. Kodwa ke inkoliso zonke umntu kufuneka iinkuni. Kungenxa yoko kukho kwamahlathi. ingxaki ehlathini kukuba yonke ecosystem iyatshabalala ngokuswela imithi. Ngoko ke kutheni umntu kufuneka iplanga?

1. Okokuqala, ngokuqinisekileyo wakha. Ngokomzekelo, kude kube ngoku phantse zonke izindlu kwiidolophana eSiberia, eyakhiwe kweenkuni. Nangona ukuvela izinto zokwakha zale mihla, uthathwa ukuba ngcono. Of iinkuni kwakhona enze ifanitshala, ukutyibilika, iifestile neengcango.
2. Wood ebandakanyeke kakhulu kwishishini kaloliwe. Ukongeza uninzi sleepers ezenziwe kwalo, isetyenziswa ukwenza iimoto kunye kwo.
3. Kuye kudala ingqalelo iinkuni eziphathekayo ilungileyo imikhumbi.
4. Wood ebalulekileyo kushishino lemichiza: kulowo ukwenza neturpentine, acetone, iviniga, irabha, utywala, izichumisi, iplastiki. Oku lisetyenziswa kwezikhumba kunye bokudaya mveliso.
5. Kuba amakhulu ngamakhulu eminyaka umthi - nguye kuphela imveliso yephepha eziphathekayo. Ke kaloku ngonyaka ukushiya amashumi ezigidi cubic metres.
6. A isixa esikhulu kakhulu iinkuni isasetyenziswa nangoku njenge isibaso.
7. Xa iyonke ngaphezulu kwama-20,000 izinto ezibalulekile abantu zomthi, nozihlambulula. Umzekelo, amalaphu, izinto zokudlala, izixhobo zomculo okanye iimpahla zemidlalo.

kwamahlathi

kuvela iingxaki ehlathini xa lukhethiwe, rhoqo ngokungekho mthethweni. Ngapha koko, oko kudala bagawula amahlathi. Yaye phantse-esithathwini yonke imithi yanyamalala ebusweni Umhlaba iminyaka 10,000 yobukho bomntu. Ingakumbi oluninzi yesinyithi Bagawula ihlathi kumaXesha Aphakathi, xa kufuneka indawo ngakumbi nangakumbi ukuze kwakhiwe ukulima. Ke kaloku ngonyaka ngamnye kutshatyalaliswa 13 ozihektare behlathi, kwaye phantse isiqingatha sawo - iindawo apho ayikaze ngaphambili. Kutheni Bagawula ihlathi?

• ukuba enze indlela yokuba ukwakhiwa (kuba abantu okukhulayo Umhlaba kufuneka ukwakha imizi ezintsha);
• njengoko Kwamandulo, xa sicande iinkuni isileshi aqhumise zokulima, ukukhulula isithuba ukulima;
• uphuhliso imfuyo kufuna indawo kakhulu amadlelo;
• amahlathi badla iphazamise nezokukhupha izimbiwa, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba uluntu inkqubela zobugcisa;
• yaye ekugqibeleni, ngoku ke iinkuni - into ebaluleke kakhulu yorhwebo, esetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso emininzi.

Yeyiphi iinkuni unqanyulwe phantsi

elide Kuye yokuduka amahlathi kuye kwatsala ingqalelo izazinzulu. Amanye amazwe bazama ukulawula ithile kule nkqubo. Zonke amahlathi zaye zohlulwa ngokwamaqela amathathu:

1. ahlabayo ezingavumelekanga. Ngawo lawo amahlathi, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni kwezinto eziphilayo ehlabathini. Abawenza zolondolozo lwamanzi okanye umsebenzi pochvoohrannye. Amaninzi, ezi amahlathi akhuselwe kwaye kufika koovimba ezahlukeneyo, iipaki zesizwe kunye ezingcwele zasendle. Kuba nangokukrola imithi yehlathi unika ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho.
2. Forests operation Limited. Bona zibekwe kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi, kwaye kananjalo enze imisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Nangona le ndawo apho uvunyelwe kwamahlathi buso. Ingxaki lokusingqongileyo iye yakhula ngenxa yokuba le mimandla badla ezivunwa iinkuni ngokuncamisileyo. Ngaphandle njengokuba ukugawula kuvunyelwe, ezifana injongo ucoceko, batshabalalisa iintlobo esempilweni ezixabisekileyo imithi sentengiso. Loo kwemithi ngokungemthetho kuxhaphakile kakhulu eRashiya. Le ngxaki yandiswa ngumba wokuba ukuba hlathi yethu kakhulu kunene kakhulu kwamanye amazwe, kwaye ukuba ahlawule imali eninzi.
3. amahlathi Imveliso, utyelwe ngokukodwa zokuba ziinkuni. Bona kunqunyulwa ngokupheleleyo, yaye emva koko watyala kwakhona.

Iindidi kwamahlathi

Kuninzi ithi, imiba ehlathini kuyaxhalabisa ukuba izazinzulu ezininzi kunye nabameli bakarhulumente. Ngoko ke, kwinqanaba lowiso, kukho yokususwa elilinganiselweyo. Noko ke, into yokuba kaninzi kuliwa ngokungekho mthethweni. Kwaye nangona kucingwa ukubulawa sono silingenwe bahlawuliswe enzima okanye ukuvalelwa entolongweni, ukutshatyalaliswa ubunzima yamahlathi ngeniso usakhula. Umzekelo, kwamahlathi phantse 80% eRashiya wenziwe ngokungekho mthethweni. Ngaphezu koko, iinkuni kakhulu wathengisa amazwe. Ziziphi iindidi nokuloga na igosa?

1. I ekuthiwa-ukugawula. Isuswe ngaxeshanye "ihlathi ivuthiwe", imithi ezibalulekileyo eziyimfuneko kushishino kunye nolwakhiwo. Le endlwaneni liqinile (leyo kwenziwe kuphela ehlathini endala), isampuli (xa iingcali, yintoni imithi unqanyulwe phantsi) kunye ngokuthe ngcembe.
2. Olindelwe izityalo. Kulo mzekelo, imithi angaqolanga shwaka phantsi, ukunqanda ukukhula iintlobo ezibalulekileyo. Izityalo abaselula badla kususwa kwezinye imithi izondlo nokufuma.
3. ukusika Integrated xa nasiphi na isiza free ngokupheleleyo utyani. Oku kufuneka ngexesha lokwakha kunye nokubekwa kweendlela, iintambo zombane, okanye xa ufuna ukwenza igumbi amadlelo kunye ukulima.
4. Sanitation ukunciphisa umonakalo ubuncinane ukuya ehlathini. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, laphola. Kulo mzekelo, bagawule kuphela izityalo abagulayo yonakele. Umzekelo abachatshazelwa ngomlilo, kwaphulwa okanye ezingcolisekileyo storm ngundo.

Yintoni umonakalo wenza kwamahlathi

Ingxaki eziphilayo yokuduka ebizwa ngokuba "nemiphunga 'lo mhlaba sele exhalabisa abaninzi. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba kusongela ukunciphisa koovimba ioksijini. Oku kunjalo, kodwa ingxaki enkulu. Ngokubetha isikali ukuba ngoku yamkelwe kwamahlathi. Stock zangaphambili forestlands satellite kunceda ukuba nombono le meko. Yintoni ungandikhokelela:

• ecosystem isithunzi ehlathini, unyamalale, iintlobo ezininzi enezityalo nezilwanyana;
• ukunciphisa ubungakanani iinkuni kunye zezityalo ntlobo sikhokelela ukwehla komgangatho wobomi ngabantu abaninzi;
• It kwandisa isixa carbon dioxide, nto leyo ekhokelela greenhouse effect le;
• imithi ngaphezulu ukukhusela umhlaba (umaleko elution phezulu kukhokelela ukuyilwa ezingxingweni, usehlisa yenqanaba komhlaba na unobangela ezinkqantosini);
• ukunyuka ukunyakama komhlaba, ngenxa apho kwakheka imigxobhozo;
• izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba yokuduka imithi kumathambeka ekhokelela ngokukhawuleza ukunyibilika ezihambayo.

Ngokutsho izibalo abaphandi ', kwamahlathi kuzisa ilahleko kwezoqoqosho lwehlabathi ezifikelela ku-5 ezigidi zeerandi ngonyaka.

Njengoko Amahlathi kususwa?

Njani na kwamahlathi? indawo Photo apho ukungena kwenzeka kutshanje, yinto imbonakalo ayithandeki: indawo ze, phantse akanayo uhlaza, ezibolayo, amatshatshazi, ebasa kunye iziqwengana ezinomhlaba. Yenzeka njani le nto? Ngokuthi "ngokusika 'alondolozwe evela amaxesha xa imithi, banqunyulwe ngezembe. Ngoku, oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa chainsaws. Emva emthini wawa emhlabeni, sinqunyulwe izitho zitshiswe. umboko wayizalela phantse yathathwa. Kwaye ukuyisusa kukuthutha isithuba nanini na, le trailer itektala. Ngoko ke, lo band abaseleyo emhlabeni ebalelelwe lilanga kunye obuzenza waza wayitshabalalisa undergrowth utyani. Ngaloo wonakaliswe amahlumelo abaselula, nenokuthi ukuvuselela ehlathini. Kweli nqanaba eyayiphazamisa ngokupheleleyo kwezinto eziphilayo nokudala nezinye iimeko ukuze uhlaza.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokuba ukugawula

Kwi indawo evulekileyo iimeko ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke ihlathi omtsha ikhula kuphela apho indawo isithole ayinkulwanga kakhulu. Yintoni ebangela izityalo abaselula aliqini:

• Ukutshintsha amazinga ukukhanya. Abo undergrowth izityalo ukuba ingasetyenziswa ukuhlala amathunzi, afe.
• Enye lobushushu. Ngaphandle nokukhuselwa kwemithi kukho kukuhla kunyuka elibukhali kumaqondo obushushu, kuneqabaka rhoqo ebusuku. Oku kukhokelela ekufeni izityalo ezininzi.
• Ukunyuka kokunyakama komhlaba kungabangela zokuxinana kwamanzi. Umoya obhudlayo komisa amagqabi ukukhula oselula akavumi ukuba ukuphuhlisa ngokuqhelekileyo.
• I Ukubuna yeengcambu kunye yokubola wehlathi inkunkuma ukukhupha eninzi initrogen ukuze sinandiphe emhlabeni. Kodwa kungcono kwabo izityalo kufuneka izimbiwa nje ezinjalo. Indlela fastest ukuya clearings akhule raspberry okanye sukuma-ephuhliswe kakuhle amahlumelo ezinde okanye willow. Ngoko ke, ukubuyiselwa amahlathi wofika fast, ukuba umntu akuyiphazamisi kule nkqubo. Kodwa emva kokuba ahlabayo Conifers zikhula embi kakhulu, kuba ziyazala ngembewu, apho akukho iimeko eziqhelekileyo kuphuhliso. Ezi ziphumo ezimbi abe kwamahlathi. Ekusombululeni ingxaki - ntoni na?

kwamahlathi idilesi

Zemvelo bacebisa ngeendlela ezininzi ukugcina amahlathi. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• inguqu ukusuka iphepha ngekhompyutha, ri yephepha nokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma eyahlukileyo kuya kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa iinkuni imveliso yephepha;
• ukusekwa kwiifama ehlathini, nto leyo eya omncinci imithi iintlobo zexabiso, incinane ixesha ekhula;
• umlomo ukugawula kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo nokohlwaywa kwayo;
• ukwandisa irhafu karhulumente yokuthumela iinkuni amazwe ukuyenza engeluncedo lwanto.

Kwamahlathi ayikenziwa kuthethwa ndoda eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwamaLungu iingxaki ezinxulumene noku. Xa bonke abantu baya baqonde oko ehlathini ubanika ubomi obuqhelekileyo, mhlawumbi baya kuba ngenyameko ngakumbi kunye nemithi. umntu ngamnye negalelo ukuvuselelwa amahlathi zehlabathi ukuba baya kutyala umthi ubuncinane enye.