Ngezigaba kwabantu kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II. 33 ithala kwecala, nethala kwecala 63, 53 umkhosi

Ukususela ngexesha Khrushchev "nobudlelwane" Abanye abaphengululi ukuba uyamthanda yaye "cultured" unanamhla omnye intsomi 'eloyikekayo ". Le tale malunga nendlela iyunithi isithintelo, wadala ekuqaleni nenjongo echazwe kakuhle, afanelekileyo nezinesidima, ngoku yaba imovie eyoyikekayo.

Yintoni na?

kanye Ingcamango lokhu zomkhosi kungacacanga kakhulu, ithi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, le "ngokwenza imisebenzi ethile kwi kwicandelo elithile ngaphambili." Ngale ungenza sikuqonde ukuyilwa zazithi- eyahlukileyo ngeenjongo ezizodwa. Zombini ekwakhiweni kunye inani lemisebenzi ngemibuzo ngezigaba kuwo imfazwe zaguquka izihlandlo ezininzi. Xa squad kuqala ukulwa?

Imbali ingenzeka

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba 1941 NKVD edume nohlulwe izinto ezimbini saa: Committee on Internal Affairs kunye State neSebe loKhuseleko (NKGB). Counterintelligence, yaye ukusuka apho waya ngezigaba, oko babusenza off ukusuka Commissariat of Internal Affairs. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi 1941 yena wakhupha umyalelo ekhethekileyo malunga nomsebenzi ngexesha lemfazwe, uze emva koko ukuyilwa kwiindawo ezizodwa.

Kwaba ngoko ukuba iyunithi yokuqala Uyalwa yamiselwa, msebenzi ogama kubamba bamkelwe yaye "izinto akrokra" kufuphi ngaphambili. Akukho "amalungelo uphumezo" kula maqela abazange, ababanga ule "isiqalelo" elandelwa eyayigcwele ukuba abasemagunyeni.

Kwakhona, xa omabini isebe kwakhona simanyene, ngamava ukuzithethelela wegqitha phantsi kolawulo NKVD. Kodwa ke, le "nokuyekelelwa" ekhethekileyo akwenziwanga: amalungu Formation ukuba bambambe bamkelwe. Kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo, eziquka kuphela uxhathiso sixhobe ugqaliselo, ukuba banelungelo ukuba shot. Ukongeza, imikhosi kwakufuneka alwe abancethezi, ngamagwala, esothusayo. Eyaziwa umyalelo inombolo NKVD 00941 ukusuka 19.07.1941 Kwaba ke Kwamiswa kwiinkampani ezizodwa kunye ithathele, ezaziqhutywa nabaphumi-NKVD.

ukuba enze ntoni msebenzi?

Kuyinto le ngezigaba kwabantu kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II wadlala indima ebonakalayo. Kwakhona, akukho "ekubulaweni kwenqwaba" kwi kolawulo lwayo: iiyunithi data kufuneka amise angakwazi ukukhusela nxamnye lokuhlaselwa German yaye ambambe bamkelwe ukusuka ekudibaneni amagunya uphando kwiiyure ezili-12 ezayo (!).

Ukuba umntu kwasilela nje emva iinxalenye zayo (ukuba ngumbandela eziqhelekileyo ngo-1941), ke, kwakhona, akukho shot omnye. Kulo mzekelo, kwakukho phakathi kwezi zinto zimbini: nokuba ijoni ithunyelwe isahlulo enye, okanye (amaxesha amaninzi) ukuba ukugxininisa iyunithi zomkhosi elikufutshane.

Ukongeza, i-ngezigaba ngezicelo kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II wadlala indima "filter" wadlula apho abantu abasindileyo ekuthinjweni German, kwaye ngabantu kumgca ngaphambili, ubungqina ogama ayinakuphikiswa. Ityala apho ibutho yeentlola German iye yabamba iqela ... omfisha! Commandants waphawula ukuba "othunyelweyo imikhosi eSoviet" kumaxwebhu (efanelekileyo, ngendlela) zaba ikliphu entsha steel stainless! Ngoko ke akukho mfuneko ukuqwalasela ababelwa eentloko ezaxhobela ngaphakathi ngababulali kunye sadists. Kwaye ke kuba zingumqondiso imithombo emininzi mihla ...

Ukulwa banditry kwaye indima ngezigaba yama-33

Omnye wale misebenzi leyo ngandlel 'awulibale "iindidi ezithile mbali, yaba ukulwa banditry, leyo kwezinye iingingqi bathabatha ngokuphandle kwandile. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, yaba iyunithi sisithintelo 33 (Northwest edge).

Ingakumbi nkampani yabelwe ukusuka kwiBaltic Fleet. Kuba kube "othunyelweyo" nkqu iimoto ezimbalwa vehicles. Le iqembu wenza emahlathini Estonia. Imeko kwezo ndawo wayezimisele: ukweqa kwi inxalenye yendawo phantse yayingekho, kodwa yebutho ethintela iiyunithi asekuhlaleni yamaNazi. imigulukudu ezincinane rhoqo bahlaselwa ngezigaba ezincinane wamajoni zamajoni.

izenzakalo Estonia

Kamsinya nje umdlalo engena "iingcali emxinwa" ye NKVD, isimo sengqondo inkanuko ngozi ngokukhawuleza kucinywa. NgoJulayi 1941, nje ngezigaba ithala bathatha inxaxheba kome siqithi Virtsu, chipped ngenxa ye-Red Army balwe. Kwakhona kwi indlela ngokupheleleyo yatshatyalaliswa yafunyanwa inqaba waseJamani. Ngaba namandla izigelekeqe ezininzi woyisa imibutho pro-zwilakhe e Tallinn. ngezigaba ithala inxaxheba kwimisebenzi intelligence. Thina sele sitshilo ukuyilwa, ukuba "egameni" ye kwiBaltic Fleet, aqhubela indawo ibhaqwe ka amaJamani babe moya.

Ngethuba Kwidabi Tallinn ngezigaba efanayo inxaxheba ekulweni nzima, uvikele (hayi ukudubula), amajoni esoyiswa Imivumbo amaJamani isibali-hlaselo. Agasti 27 kwabakho ukulwa eyoyikekayo, apho abantu bethu ngokuphindaphindiweyo uphoswe umdlali ilukhuni. Kuphela ngenxa ubuqhawe kwabo kuyenzeka yokuphumula elilungelelanisiweyo.

Ngexesha lezi Okwemfazwe ezingaphezulu kwama-60% yabo bonke abasebenzi yeyunithi isithintelo, kuquka abathetheli. Uyavuma, oku kufana nqwa umfanekiso 'komendacha bubugwala "hide emva amajoni. Kamva, ukwakheka efanayo inxaxheba ekulweni nabaphangi Kronstadt.

Nomyali Directive ngoSeptemba 1941

Kutheni kukho igama elibi kwindawo iindawo ngezicelo? Eyona nto kukuba ngoSeptemba 1941 yabalasela imeko enzima kakhulu kwi ngaphambili. It wavunyelwa ukuba ukuyilwa kwiiyunithi zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa abekwezo ndawo, ezithe zabonisa ukuba 'ezingazinzanga ". Nje ngeveki, lo mkhuba kwalutyhutyha lonke ngaphambili. Kwaye yintoni, kukho indlela ezivaleke ngayo imikhosi NKVD wadubula amawaka abantu abamsulwa? Akunjalo!

Ilawulwe kukumthetheli kwicandelo kwecala, baba iimoto abaxhobileyo kunye nezixhobo enzima. Umsebenzi ophambili - ukugcina ucwangco, uncedo iindawo umyalelo. amalungu kwaqeqeshwa Uyalwa unelungelo lokusebenzisa izixhobo zomkhosi kwiimeko apho kufuneka ukuba kumiswe kokurhoxa okanye ukuphelisa alarmists ngenkohlakalo. Kodwa ityala ezinqabileyo.

uhlobo

Ngoko, kwakukho iindidi ezimbini ngezigaba: omnye wayebunjwa amajoni NKVD kunye bamkelwe bayabanjwa, kwaye eyesibini - ke kwiimfanta ngobuciko. Le yokugqibela waba likarhulumente likhulu kakhulu, njengoko iqulunqwe amajoni, kungekhona amajoni eentloko ezaxhobela zangaphakathi. Yaye kulo mzekelo, amalungu azo banelungelo kuphela ekubulaweni alarmists ngamnye! Akukho mntu wakha amajoni zabo endle akazange ukudubula! Ngaphezu koko, ukuba balwe kunjalo, oko kukuthi "kumaqela Uyalwa izilwanyana" wathabatha kwengqumbo ngokupheleleyo singavumeli abalwa yokuphumula ngocwangco.

Iziphumo umsebenzi

Ukugweba 1941, la malungu (ingakumbi ukwahlula 33 kumaqela Uyalwa) abophe abantu malunga 657 364. Ngokusemthethweni abophe abantu 25.878. Wadubula isigwebo yomntu wenkundla-karate-10 201. Onke amanqaku lithunyelwe ngaphambili.

indima ebalulekileyo eyadlalwa ngezigaba ngezicelo kwi ukuziphendulela eMoscow. Ekubeni ukulwa-ukulungele iiyunithi ukwenzela ukukhusela nesixeko ngokwaso nje wayeswele, abasebenzi amajoni NKVD ngokoqobo ngokomrhumo, zilungelelaniswe ukhuseleko abanobuchule. Kwezinye iimeko, le ngezigaba ngezicelo kudalwe isinyathelo oomasipala kunye namaqumrhu nokunyanzeliswa komthetho.

July 28, 1942 lipapasha umyinge komyalelo notorious № 227 NGOs. Wayalela ekudalweni kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo ngasemva ungamalungu ezingazinzanga. Njengoko kwimeko yangaphambili, amajoni wayenelungelo ukubulawa ngokudutyulwa kuphela alarmists ezithile kunye ibhulukhwe ngokuzithandela bashiya izikhundla zabo emfazweni. Babemise banikwa yonke ukuthutha kuyimfuneko, kwisahluko zabo iingqwayi kakhulu nako. Kwakukho ithathele nethala eyahlukileyo kwinqanaba division.

Iziphumo butha ngezigaba 63rd

Ngeminyaka yoo-Oktobha 1942 ndazifaka 193 lamabutho emkhosini. Ngeli xesha ke yakwazi ukubamba 140.755 Red Army. Ukuvalelwa baba 3980 kubo, zaye wadutyulwa ngamajoni 1189. Bonke abanye bathunyelwa shtrafchasti. iindawo UDon Stalingrad baba olunzima kakhulu, kukho eyayibhalwe inani elandileyo wokubopha emajele. Kodwa oku - "izinto". Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba la malungu babe uncedo lokwenene abalingani babo ezona zinto ezibalulekileyo ekulweni.

Ngoko wazibonakalisa kumaqela 63 Uyalwa (53 Army), ukuza ukunceda amalungu alo, ukuba elo "abasekondiweyo". Wavula amaJamani ukuba bayeke lohlaselo. Zeziphi izigqibo landela koku? Ngokufanelekileyo elula.

Indima ezi zihlanganisi ekubuyiseleni ukuze laliphezulu kakhulu, ukuba nabo bakwazi ukubuyela emva inani phambi elikhulu kwabasebenzi. Ngoko ke, xa elihamba Division-29, apho ephangweni yakwazi ukuba ndimaphule phambili kwamatanki German kwi yokothuka waqalisa baleka. Filatov NKVD Lieutenant kwakhokelela yomdlalo ukuba bayeke ukusebenza ndawonye nabo izikhundla emfazweni ezayo.

In an nokuba nzima ngakumbi imeko ngezicelo, phantsi ngokomlomo Filatov enye amandla amajoni ibethe kakhulu elihamba Division siphumele, kanye ekuqaleni edabini kunye iqhuma notshaba, kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumele.

Ngubani na?

Kwiimeko ezibalulekileyo, amajoni akazange kutolwe kwaye kakuhle umthunzi wabo waza wakhokelela lohlaselo ngokwabo. Umzekelo, ityala xa kwiCandelo 112-th elihamba, ekulweni enzima emva kokulahlekelwa phantse-70% (!) Kwabasebenzi, wafumana umyalelo baleka. Endaweni yoko, isikhundla yokucamagusha ukuzithethelela squad, uLieutenant Khlystova lowo usesikhundleni iintsuku ezine, iyenza phezulu ukuya ukusekelwa.

Ityala efanayo - wawalwela 'izinja of the NKVD "station Stalingrad. Nangona ubukhulu bayo, which enkulu German, ukuba kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukubamba indawo ulinde ekusondeleni elihamba Division 10.

Ngoko ke, lo ngezigaba ngezicelo - ". Ithuba lokugqibela" ngezigaba yale Ukuba amadoda inxalenye kumgama owazisayo unmotivated bashiya izikhundla zabo, amalungu ngezicelo zabo Ibutho wayeka. Ukuba unit yasemkhosini ithwala ilahleko onzima edabini kunye nemikhosi ophezulu lotshaba, "imiqobo rhoqo," ebavumela ukuba aqhele kwaye ngokwabo kuqhubeka ukulwa. Ngamafutshane, le ngezigaba ngezicelo - oku iiyunithi zomkhosi waseUSSR, ngexesha Battle of zidlala indima "zilikhusi 'ukuzithethelela. Icandelo sakhiwa NKVD, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ezibandakanya nokuchongwa arhente German kunye bamkelwe ubambisa. Xa umsebenzi wabo waphela?

Ukuphela komsebenzi

Order yomhla we-29 Oktobha 1944 kule ngezigaba ngezicelo ezazinawo kwi-Red Army. Ukuba abasebenzi aqeshwa ukusuka iinxalenye oluqhelekileyo yomgama zezilwanya iikhompawundi efanayo. alwela NKVD bathunyelwa "kumaqela eziphaphazelayo" ekhethekileyo abankonzo lalijolise ubambisa mthetho. Bamkelwe zase phantse wayengekho. Ekubeni abasebenzi ngezigaba ezininzi aqeshwa ukusuka best (!) Amajoni amalungu ayo, aba bantu nabo basoloko wathumela bokufunda ngokuqhubekekayo ukuze kuba ngumqolo entsha Soviet Army.

Ngoko ke, lo 'igazi "of iindawo ezinjalo - nto nje yasentsomini osisiyatha kwaye iyingozi, leyo emkhathazayo memory abo wakhulula lizwe yabanjwa amajoni amaNazi.