Iiglasi Silicate: imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa

Glass - enye yezinto ezininzi ezithandwayo, wafuna-emveni ukuba kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zobomi. Isetyenzisiwe ukwakha kunye nomsebenzi ophela kuyo, oko kwenziwa imisebenzi enokusebenziseka entle zobugcisa isetyenziswa kwishishini sithuba. Le yenye ezifikelelekayo, ezilula izinto kuqamba. Uhlobo luqhelekileyo, ngalo thina badla, kunye nokusetyenziswa iimveliso ezenziwe kulo - negilasi silicate.

Yintoni na?

Imveliso zindala ezi ntsimbi iglasi zithathwa eziye zafunyanwa ngexesha Ukumba eYiputa, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ukufunyanwa kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama amawaka amahlanu. Ukususela ngoko, ubume yeglasi iye yatshintsha kancinane. Eyona nto iphambili zokufunda dust isanti (Si0 ₂₎ - silicate. Ukuze oku idityaniswa soda, soda uthuthu, lekalika, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi.

Kushishino ukufumana iglasi ubunzima kugalelwe oxides kwezinto ezisisiseko kwaye ukunyibilikiswa eziko. Iqondo lobushushu yokunyibilika ixhomekeke additive, ukutshintsha iimpawu kweglasi. Ubunzima kwaphumela exonxiweyo ngeendlela ezininzi: ukwenza iglasi tyaba, efundisa imilo ezahlukeneyo (izitya, ihlanganisa for neendawo, iglasi ngenxa iiwotshi, njalo-njalo), owenza preform ukuze kungonakali kweebhokisi emva zenkohlakalo zeglasi kunye nangaphezulu.

Uphuhliso iglasi eyenza igalelo elibalulekileyo zenziwa yi Lomonosov M. V., Kitaygorodsky NI, waba nomdla kwicala lokwenziwa komsebenzi umba Mendeleev D. I. kunye nabanye. Kulula ukuchaza izinto eziphathekayo "iglasi silicate". Yintoni na? A sasiphila isakhiwo amorphous, isakhiwo crystalline wafumana zinyibilika oxides mixed ilandelwa yi okupholisa.

Ukuveliswa glass

Into esisiseko ekuveliseni negilasi zibe zwi, nto leyo idityaniswa ubuncinane kwi olinganise izithako ezintlanu. Ekuyilweni esisiseko, kuxhomekeke kusetyenziso ngakumbi iinjongo eziphathekayo ufumene ntoni ongeziweyo: iioksidenti, opacifiers, decolorisers, idayi, accelerators njalo njalo. Le oxides metal zisetyenziswa colorants. Umzekelo, ubhedu iglasi isisihla ubunzima yentsimbi ebomvu uya namona blue okanye omthubi, oxides ayibe ukunika oluhlaza colloidal yesilivere - yellow.

Lo mxube silungiselela owomileyo wabekwa ezikweni iglasi iintsasa, apho izinto ekrwada Inyibilikile kwiqondo lobushushu ka-1200-1600 ° C ngexesha inkqubo kuthatha iiyure ezili-12 ukuya 96. Glass Manufacturing kugqitywe inkqubo ukupholisa okukhawulezayo, kuphela phantsi kwale meko iglasi etyhidiweyo ifumana zonke iimpawu ezifunekayo ukungabikho kwezinto ezenzelwa ekhusini, amandla ngoomatshini kunye neempawu ezongezelelweyo ilaliswe kwinkqubo wokuxuba of oxides.

Types iglasi silicate

izinto Release kuthetha iinkqubo-eneji olunzulu, yaye benza kushishino silicate. ishishini lemveliso Glass kwenzeka kuhlobo etoneleni amaziko kunye lobushushu kwangaphambili rhoqo inkxaso. Wabonisa owomileyo lilayishiwe ukusuka kwelinye icala eziko, lo walivala ithende iyakhutshwa izinto ogqityiweyo.

Ngokunxulumene ukusetyenziswa kwezi lungohlulwa lube iintlobo-mveliso eyahlukeneyo zeglasi silicate:

• elimsulwa dust ngaphandle oxides isodiyam potassium - i iglasi kwealkali-free. Kuye ukumelana eliphezulu bubushushu kunye neempawu ezintle zombane. Phakathi ukushiyeka - kunzima ukuqhuba.
• Isiqalelo setyuwa, potassium, sodium-potassium - negilasi obrak. Olu hlobo luqhelekileyo ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo ukuze isicelo ehlabathini lonke. Yenziwe ukuba iglasi akwariyam, ifestile, neenkamba, njalo njalo.
• oxides zesinyithi kwealkali ezinomthamo aphezulu enzima. Umzekelo, kongezwe ilothe efunekayo ukuze sifumane ngumkhenkce, iglasi optical.

ukusebenzisa multiple

iglasi Silicate uye iipropati eziliqela ukuba bakwazi ukusebenzisa wayo kuluhlu olubanzi. Ngalinye iimpawu zayo luyaphuculwa, ngoko ke inika amathuba. Ngokomzekelo, iglasi isale amalgam isebenza esipilini, kwaye nazo zingasetyenziswa njenge ibhetri elanga phantsi kweemeko ezithile.

iipropati yococeko kunye nezenziwayo zokubhala ayinakuphikiswa. Le nto iye akukho porosity kwaye, ngenxa yoko, akukho ezizalana iintsholongwane, kulula ukuba ukucoca, iyamelana naziphi iimveliso zokutya. Bakeware ngoko kanyekanye unako zosiwe kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kwi-oveni okanye ufake efrijini ngaphandle umonakalo.

Ezithile ngokwezinga kunye ubukhulu

Le nto iye esinobukhulu ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo ebonisa izakhono zalo. I Iphepha 2 mm ubukhulu, kufanelekile windows. Glass isetyenziselwa i-akwariyam ubuncinane 5 mm, kuxhomekeke umthamo wamanzi engekabili ithiwa kwisikhongozeli. Noko ke, aquarists ziye kakhulu ukuba bakholwe ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-analogu acrylic Kulula kakhulu ngakumbi, ingakumbi xa ufuna izakhono iilitha 500 okanye ngaphezulu.

Ukusetyenziswa laminate (ngaplastiki) esandisa: ethe kunye ngewebhu Polymer ifilim phantse wabatshabalalisa, kukhuselekile kuba ayenzi ukuwa. Isando ndimaphule ezimbini iglasi silicate 10 mm interlayer elingqingqwa umboniso cishe kungenakwenzeka. iglasi elaminethiweyo wenza iibhulorho selubala, ejongene yefacade zezakhiwo, iingcingo kunye nezinye zokutshiza.

izakhiwo

Sebenzisa izinto Silicate-based ifumana indawo kwi sakhiwo. Zisetyenziswa hayi kuphela windows kodwa njengokhuselo ezongezelelweyo kunye yokubopha. Ngoko ke, lo iglasi engamanzi waphathwa iibloko isiseko, awenze ukumelana ukufuma, ngundo, ukuhla ubushushu njalo njalo.

Ungagotywa okanye Matt ngemathiriyeli engangenisi isetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla, wenza iingcango ifanitshala, iishawa, olungaphambili, njalo-njalo.

iglasi Silicate unawo mihlaba ilandelayo:

• Elubala.
• Reflectance Light.
• Imvelo.
• ukumelana Ubushushu.
• Ukumelana kwiimeko yemichiza ndlongondlongo.
• ukumelana Natural nendawo ndlongondlongo.
• Kwalo.
• conductivity Low thermal.

iimpawu ezongeziweyo ezifana ukuxhathisa uxinezeleko umonakalo, nika izinto ngokuthi ucimayo. Kakuhle eli nqubo zokufudumeza okukhawulezayo kunye nokupholisa ngokukhawuleza efanayo kwixesha elifutshane. Amandla ezanda izihlandlo 4-5. Ngokuba lenza ngeglasi kangangeeyure, iiphaneli ucango, ifenitshala, iindonga endlwini.

izinto zokwakha

Izitya ezenziwe iglasi dust kunye nendlu iimveliso zenziwe ngeendlela ezininzi ezingundoqo:

• Ngokucindezela. Ubunzima viscous engekabili kwisixhobo sokubumbela esingatshintshiyo, ngoko usebenzisa inxalenye sokubumbela ezinokususwa (punch) banikwa ezithile parameters. Ukungunda for kumphezulu engaphakathi kunokuba ngokomfuziselo wazo, ngexesha Ukuhlukunyezwa okwenzelwa kwinxalenye olungaphandle nqaku.
• Bevuthela. Yohluka yi ngoomatshini kunye manual. Udonga Ububanzi mveliso yahluka ukusuka ku-1 ukuya kuma-10 mm. Le ndlela yenza zitsha, iibhotile, iiglasi, iikomityi. makazichaze Manual - kuba ubugcisa. glassmakers iNkosi ukudala imveliso ekhethekileyo ngokudibanisa izihlwele ngaphaya bebala ziquka metal umsebenzi umzimba, izinto zendalo ekrwada, igolide njalo njalo. ngesandla ezikhule lingafunyanwa iimveliso ezifanayo.
• Baza,. ezisetyenziselwa ikakhulu imifanekiso yokuvelisa, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo. Namuhla elalenziwe ukulolonga glasi optical.
• I-multi-Isigaba ngokuhlangeneyo. izahlulo Used eziveliswa kwiteknoloji ezimbini: makazichaze embi. Ngokomzekelo, amandla glasi iphetshethelwe kwaye cinezela umlenze, izahlulo ndigqibile uxhulumeneyo.

processing ethile

iglasi Silicate - ochumileyo iintlobo ezininzi yomhombiso eziphathekayo. Ukwahlula zavunyelwa ashushu nabandayo.

Ukuze hot ziquka:

• Bala oxides metal isambuku.
• Ukuxuba eninzi imibala awohlukeneyo ukulungisa phambili (iglasi yelo kunye amabala).
• Krakelirovanie. Ubunzima exonxiweyo ibe yimveliso lupholisiwe ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo iintanda ngaphandle ezibonakala, ngokuba ukulungisa imveliso zaphela.
• Ekuhlanganiseni.
• Hot-uyila ngeentambo, ngemisonto, kulandele additive ukuya nqaku.
• Formation wefom eyongezelelweyo ngohlangothi kwinkqubo iliza. Izuzwe ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo.

Ingqele ufane umhombiso:

• Mechanical: okuguba, ngentlabo, diamond kuyinkalo, sandblasting.
• Chemicals: Nosipho kunye മണ്ഡലം ifildi.
• Ubuxoki: ukupeyinta, ukuzoba iipateni okanye uphawu, ushicilelo isilika-screen, nesingxobo, plasma ukutshiza, epeyinta ipeyinti ngobuhle.

Ezinye iintlobo ngeglasi

ubuchwepheshe bale mihla ukuvumela ukunika ezongezelelweyo iglasi umgangatho dust. Kwezi, i umdla kakhulu kwaye ithandwayo:

iiglasi Smart: uhlobo lwezinto eguqula iimpawu zayo phantsi kwempembelelo iimeko zangaphandle. Ngokomzekelo, xa imveliso yombane yangoku uba ngaphaya kwawo, xa ukhupha beesekethe ebuyela kurhulumente ngaphaya.

Imicu Glass (fiberglass) zifunyenwe ngokuzoba into ibe (ulinganiswa microns) okuluhlaza. Kubo ukudala eziphathekayo ngokwaneleyo dyondzisaka. Isetyenziswa ekuveliseni ifayibha, zokwambathisa izinto, njalo njalo.

Bacacisa Glass: abaqhelekileyo iglasi soda-lime umntu ithinti ezibuhlazarha, nokuba nombala, kakuhle zimakishwe, ukuba ukhangela cut. Ngenxa yoko, eli laphu elinombala kancinci. Ukuze uphephe oku isiphumo, kwinkqubo yokuvelisa adityaniswe brighteners, lwaze imibala engafuneki. Yohluka ukusuka eyomeleziweyo oluqhelekileyo umthamo ukudluliselwa ukukhanya umbandela, inks ukudluliselwa ngaphandle kokutshintsha umbala.