Ngaba umbhodamo eRashiya? Le ntlekele lezopolitiko nakwelemali eRashiya

Umbuzo wokuba ingaba le ntlekele eRashiya, nto leyo kutshanje Wavakalisa rhoqo kakhulu ediniwe. Nguye. Le nkqubo, nazo zonke iimpawu kunye neentshukumo ezimbi kwezalathisi zophuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Umbuzo olandelayo ubhalo: "Yintoni na xa kukho ingxaki, yaye uya kuhlala ixesha elide kangakanani?" izimvo Iingcali 'kule ndaba ezahlukeneyo. Njengoko uvavanyo le meko. Ekubeni yonke luyathandabuzeka: imeko politiko kwakunye nemeko yoqoqosho, kunye neendlela ezicetywayo ngaphandle meko ezibalulekileyo.

Ngoko ke, lo esemthethweni uya kusondela xa kubalwa izimvo linegunya, hayi kuphela iingcali zasekhaya. Ukwahluka lolwazi kufuneka bafinyelele ekuphuhliseni ubuchule lokucoca ngokukhawuleza kwaye zithathele ingqalelo le ngcaciso olusekelwe kwizibakala, ukucinga ngombandela nokuqiqisisa ngayo ingqiqo. Siza kuzama ukuqonda uhlobo lwengxaki yaye uphendule imibuzo ezindala ezivelayo izinto ezintsha zembali.

Imvelaphi igama elithi

Crisis (κρίσις Greek - sigqibo, zaguquka), isimo yi ukungalingani uhlobo kunye nesiqulatho nayiphi abanawo, kwaye ufuna isisombululo ngokukhawuleza. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo nengxaki kwezentlalo ingaba:

• ezoqoqosho;
• kwezentlalo;
• yemali;
• lwabantu.

Le ngxaki zihlelwe kwi isikali, inqanaba, nezinye iparameters. Kwinqaku ndaba zohlalutyo uhlobo loluntu isenzeko.

Le ntlekele iye ngokwembali ziphuhliswe nenzululwazi kwethuba yamandulo kwaye ihambo ngqo kwetyala. Ngokwemiqathango umxholo, ethetha isimo sokwahlukanisa izehlo senkqubo, nto leyo ifuna iintlobo ezintsha kunye neendlela phambili uphuhliso. Ingxaki Socio-economic eRashiya, apho esizibonakalisa imeko yoluntu, isikali mda ye kwilizwe elinye. Ngaphezu koko, le ngxaki zangoku, umzekelo, uya kude ngaphaya kwiziko loluntu ethile. Ngokutsho kweengcali, sinzima kwaye kuchaphazela isakhiwo sikarhulumente, uqoqosho, iziko zemali enxulumene nemeko yezobupolitika, kweli lizwe. Ukuze bahlole ukuba kwenzeka ntoni siya kuzama ukuveza uhlobo kwezoqoqosho abanawo.

komnotho

Omnye imigaqo esisiseko, ukuba sithethe ngeempawu nezoqoqosho loluntu, i imveliso. Ulandelelwano iintlobo zembali kwimveliso wahlolwa imbali kwezoqoqosho. Xa indlela mihla kwemveliso, ngesifo sephepha kunye nokusasazwa mveliso loluntu zihlolwe paradigms ezahlukeneyo, oko kukuthi, iinkqubo zolwazi kunye zithwala ekhankanyiweyo. Ngoko ke, uyacebiswa ukuba bathethe malunga ethile umfuziselo yezoqoqosho imveliso kunye nezalathisi ezingundoqo zoqoqosho, amagosa amakishayo karhulumente.

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na kwintlekele yoqoqosho eRashiya, izinto ezabangela kuyo, kufuneka ukuvavanya imodeli yangoku yezoqoqosho. Kodwa zicwadi kunzima kakhulu ukwenza. Ibizwa ngokuba "anyamekele" ummiselo imodeli karhulumente. Yathi kuphela ebusweni modeli kwixesha elidlulileyo. Okwangoku, iRussia kakhulu elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba 'isandla kwimveliso yokuqala' yaye wabonisa unxulumano ngqo ngurhulumente kuqoqosho kumaxabiso oyile kwimarike yehlabathi. Ukuba akukho modeli ithile lingqongwe ezithile indicators. markers zoqoqosho Russia mihla:

• GDP ukuhla;
• zokucuthwa imveliso;
• Ukunakekelwa imodeli yolawulo karhulumente;
• uxhomekeko yoqoqosho kwi imeko raw materials (oyile) amaxabiso;
• omkhulu ukuthunyelwa of capital;
• impembelelo ebalulekileyo capital yangaphandle kwicandelo logcino.

Ukuze ubonise imodeli yoqoqosho, kufuneka kuchazwe kumda wesangqa ulwalathiso: qhinga, amaxabiso isiseko apho lisekelwe, kunye namacandelo umxholo, kuquka ezinye iimodeli ideology. Okwangoku, kungenjalo. uqoqosho eRashiya, waniphawula-imi- 90 yenkulungwane lokugqibela njenge ukwaliwa nophuhliso edlulileyo iye yahlala eyona yenguqu. Kutheni iphelile, kucacile - evela kurhulumente kwinkqubo yali yommiselo. Apho she? Kuhleli kukho imfihlelo kude kuse kuqalisiwe. UKarl Marx wabiza le Ntetho "ilahleko yehlabathi endala ngaphandle kokufumana ezintsha."

olukhulu loluntu

Economy ayikwazi zingahlukaniswa kwezinye iindlela kubomi. Ingxubakaxaka eRashiya wabonakaliswa onke amaziko zentlalo yoluntu. Oku kuxhaswa yi izibakala kwinani bankruptcies yoshishino enkulu kunye nokuncipha ebalulekileyo Zinjengeqhezu amashishini amancinane kunye naphakathi.

Ngenxa ezintsha kwicandelo zobalo-2013 inani koosomashishini ngamnye Sehle phantse isiqingatha. Umsebenzi loosomashishini kakhulu alukapheli, kodwa iye yatshintsha indlela yokuphila. Isabelo loqoqosho isithunzi, nayo leyo ochaphazelekayo mali karhulumente kulo.

Urhoxiso kweelayisenisi ezibhankini ntlekele zemali eRashiya, wazibonakalisa ngo-Agasti 2013 waba ekuqaleni ntsebenzo kanye nentlekele lwenkqubo. Kwinkalo lwentlalo - ukwandiswa kwamatyala kwintlawulo umvuzo kunye nokunyuka kwemisebenzi.

Ezi zinto ziye kodwa Ndizuze umlinganiswa abaninzi. Kodwa ngezikhondo zamehlo zentlalo kubonakaliswa. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho ukwamkelwa umthetho imilinganiselo yabantu ngokwasemzimbeni. Iminyaka esixhenxe enesiqingatha, yena phantsi ingqalelo. Ngoku ngokukhawuleza zaziswa ayikho 2016, njengoko bekucingelwa ngaphambili, kodwa kwiinyanga ezintandathu, ngaphambili ehlotyeni ka-2015 Njengoko uninzi lwezinto yabantu otshonileyo ifikelele imida yayo yaye oku kungakhokelela kwenye nengxaki kwezentlalo.

Imiphumo kwawa Ukraine njengomnye unobangela ukugogeka lwentlalo. Uphambuko kwemali evela mali, mali lweenkqubo nokuhlaliswa kunye nenkxaso iimbacu, utyalo-mali kuqoqosho eCrimea - konke oku themba resource elungileyo. Kodwa, oku kufuna ukusetyenziswa koovimba eninzi.

nengxaki nganye nani yayo zembali

Nganye lamathuba wakhathazeka unawo amandla afanayo kunye nentsingiselo, kodwa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zembali. Ingxubakaxaka eRashiya ngowe-1998 kwakhokelela kokwendalo zobugcisa. Ukwala ukuba enze nezibophelelo phantsi federal iibhondi mboleko kunye izibambiso urhulumente kwakhokelela nelahleko yokuqiniseka ngakwicala omabini amatyala ngaphandle kunye zasekhaya. Le mali likazwelonke okokuqala kakhulu ezilahlekileyo ubunzima bayo, izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwesithathu, ngokunxulumene dollar. Yaba ixesha nto inzima yokudodobala koqoqosho. Imiphumo baphatheka ezinzima. Inqanaba eliphezulu lulwaphulo oluntu kunye neendlela zasendle lokusekwa eyinkunzi wokuqala ebonakala eli xesha.

Ingxubakaxaka eRashiya ngowe-2008 wazibonakalisa ngokomda zemali kunye nezoqoqosho. Eli nqanaba butyhileke iqondo ukuxhomekeka kwenkqubo Russian zemali eyinkunzi angaphandle. kubekho ungonakala yeebhanki ezinkulu. market inciphisiwe real estate, kulandele ekuma kurhwebo lokwakha. Ukucutheka sele inxulunyaniswe ekuweni kwinkqubo mortgage kubolekisa ehlabathini lonke.

Ozibonakalisa ngokwalo njengoko ntlekele logcino eRashiya iye yavusa Ukungazinzi ukudodobala olandelayo kuzo zonke iinkalo. Nencindi iidipozithi kumaziko zemali ngenyanga nje enye kwabangela ukwehla kwemali kwi-akhawunti abantu ngaphezu engange billion amahlanu.

Ingxubakaxaka e Russia kunye neendlela

Ekubeni, njengoko zichaziwe ngaphambili, kubalulekile ukuba imeko apho kufuneka wenze izigqibo ngokukhawuleza ukukhangela lweefomu ezitsha ukuze kukhawulelwane neemfuno neyinyani, uhlala ukuqonda oko ezo zigqibo ngokukhawuleza?

A Inani iziphakamiso kunye neendlela ezintsha kuphuhliso sicwangciso equlethwe kule dilesi yemveli yonyaka kwiNdibano Federal, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin of the Russian Federation nguMongameli. Kwintetho yakhe, lo uphawu imeko yezoqoqosho kweli lizwe, wanika theses zophuhliso ngakumbi kwesi sicwangciso. Nangokwemimiselo xa ingxaki eRashiya iye yathi ngokwayo ngokupheleleyo, intsebenzo libe nokuthathelwa ingqalelo njengoko iinketho kuyo. Ingakumbi, le manyathelo alandelayo kuphakanyisiwe:

• ukwandiswa kwendawo koqoqosho kunye nenxalenye eYurophu kule projekthi;
• yokungenisa ukufaka iimveliso impahla kumazwe angaphandle;
• inkxaso imveliso;
• kummandla Far Eastern;
• imveliso iminyaka emithathu ngenxa kuphuhliso lwezamazhishini, izibonisi sredneekonomicheskie engcono imarike ihlabathi;
• indalo kwemveliso yoshishino;
• capital Amnesty offshore imimandla;
• inkxaso-mali kumashishini non-extractive.

Intetho kaMongameli kwaye inkomfa eendaba olandelayo, nto leyo kuxoxwa ngokweenkcukacha kwimizuzu leyo eyabangela umdla woluntu, wabonisa ukuzimisela kukarhulumente Russian phezu yoxinaniso kwezibonelelo idabi olukhulu kuqoqosho. Sesona sisombululo ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha lombutho oluntu kunye ukukhangela izibonelelo ngaphakathi kwilizwe kunokuba amazwe.

ECrimea ntlekele Khodorkovsky

Kwiilwimi zesiNtu linokuchazwa njengoko uphendlo zemodeli yayo yophuhliso yoluntu ngokubanzi. Nentlekele baseRashiya Oku kufuna ulawulo olulodwa. Oku kungenxa eseleyo kwezopolitiko ngamandla kwi langoku okwangoku. imeko enzima kwaqiniswa ukwayo kwezoqoqosho yi-US kunye Yurophu awunamdla ngokwemigqaliselo lwezoqoqosho nayiphi na amaqela izidubedube kwezoqoqosho.

Isizathu - zentlekele jikelele. kugxininiswa kuphuhliso eCrimea eRashiya, kwaye ukufakwa kwe-geqe ngo intsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho kunye Russia. Ukuqiniswa kwe Russian Federation lingenako ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziliqela ithi, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba kwisicelo kwezohlwayo kulula ukufunda ukuzama buthathaka impembelelo eRashiya kwisithuba koqoqosho lwehlabathi. A oligarch ezaziwayo-kakuhle Khodorkovsky utsho ubuyatha nababhali 'ukusikwa "yoluntu Russian. Russia ilungele thethwano kunye nokusombulula iingxaki, musani ukubacaphukisa nengxaki yezopolitiko. ERashiya, zilungele ingxoxo eyakhayo ngayo. Ingaba oku ntoni West?

Euro enyakazelayo, le engange uwe, Russia ndiyaphule

Inkululeko zeentshukumo kwezalathisi lwemali beqhawe amazinga otshintshiselwano, leyo wabona kulo lonke ihlabathi, ibonisa imeko yokwenene bemicimbi. Iingcali ze-Economics, kwezopolitiko, isicwangciso - wonke umntu uzama ukuvavanya le meko. Neentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka nabavumisi PR yezopolitiko ukuhlaziya. Ukunakanwa isibakala sokuba ezinye iinkokeli 'bengachani "ngokuhamba iinyanga zokugqibela zonyaka, akukho namnye kuba lula. Njengoko ayithethi inokusetyenziswa njengobungqina ngesakhono kuqoqosho predictors.

Kucacile ukuba izenzo zeNdlu White kufumaniseka ukuba aba lolu kuphela ukuzama buthathaka Russia ngokwezoqoqosho, kodwa kukhokelela imo yokothuka, kwaye ukungalingani eluntwini. Le ntlekele zentlalo eRashiya, nto leyo kulindeleke ukusuka ingxaki yokwenziwa imeko sele kunzima kweli lizwe, ukuze emva koko ube isiphumo esahlukileyo. Kokuwa kwezoqoqosho eRashiya, nto leyo ulindele "abathengi" akuyi kwenzeka xa kuphela ngenxa yokuba isakhono urhulumente kude ndidiniwe. resource Russian siyifumana ukukwazi ukufumana isisombululo ayikho ngaphandle, kodwa ngaphakathi kwilizwe labo baze benze enye impumelelo, okuhambelana kwisikali kwisithuba Russian.

ilizwe a eziphikisanayo

Russia ilizwe engalindelekanga. Uninzi yemvelo imeko yayo esizibonakalisa yenkcaso kwintlekele. I buqinile le meko, kokukhona imveliso kulo. Oku kungqinwe amagama, kunye nendawo Russian uMongameli Vladimira Vladimirovicha yasePutina ebudeni inkomfa cofa ilandelayo ireferensi kwiNdibano Federal. Ulindele ukuba boyise ingxaki eRashiya iminyaka emibini, nokuba kule meko ecaleni okubi.

Ukuzama ukwenza imeko nomsindo iimeko zangaphandle nangaphakathi obuxhasa kwilizwe labo njengofanelwe yintlonelo. Intetho kaMongameli Putin kwinkomfa cofa ngoDisemba 18, 2014 lwabonisa ukuba iRussia akugxininisi ekufumaneni indlela yokuphuma kule ntlekele. Le ukuqonda nemxinwa le meko. Eli lizwe utshintsha qhinga yayo ngendlela apha eya kwenza uvale qualitative, kunye namathuba zayo ukuthatha kwintsebenzo uqoqosho ukuba ephezulu kwihlabathi avareji ngaphezu.

I-resource ezinokwenzeka Russia

Enye ingxaki eRashiya udale imeko bohlukaniswe loqoqosho inxalenye Europe endala. Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, ukuba abaleke kwimeko obalulekileyo kwafuneka ukuba ukujonga ngaphandle kokulinda inkxaso ngaphandle. Ukuze singabi mthwalo ngokwabo ukuba unokubuza enoba kwentlekele eRashiya kwakhona, oko kuyimfuneko apha kwaye ngoku ukuze kudaleke imiqathango noqoqosho esempilweni. Ke ukuba, elo lizwe onke amathuba:

• agro-industrial kwicandelo abonisa ukwanda kunyaka ngoku-5 ekhulwini, kwatsala ubonelelo irekhodi cereals;
• IRussia anda izibonelelo zalo ngenxa eCrimea;
• izohlwayo EU wabizela kweemeko ezilawulwa yengqongqo yona ukuphuhlisa imveliso yawo mveliso, yaye le ndlela imfutshane kwaye eqiniseke uzinzo kwezoqoqosho;
• nokutshintshela kwi "Mpuma" inguqulelo yophuhliso kwimeko izohlwayo wanika uphuhliso olunzulu lwe zakhiwo mveliso yaseYurophu.

Philosophy crisis

─ Le ntlekele isimo sendalo nawuphi na umcimbi ophilayo. Yonke uphuhliso ufikelela mda ethile nemiba kwimbali sigaba. Le yimeko apho injongo eliphezulu yaqaphela ngohlobo leyinene. umzuzu yangaphandle kakuhle-ntle Yinto exhalabisayo kurhulumente. Kutheni? Ngenxa kwimeko lophuhliso ngempumelelo eyeka khangela iinketho kakhulu kwaye afike kwaoko hayi uphuhliso uxanduva zezinto eziphilayo - emile, yokunqaphela, yokudodobala, kunye nezinye iindlela ezininzi karhulumente etyeni.

Le ntlekele yokuqala eRashiya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yaba uthsuphe wokuba lwemali ukungangqinelani imali babo kuphela. supply Imali wayengekho utshitshiseke kuphuhliso kwimveliso. Nokuhlanganiswa eyinkunzi amazwe wambumba ukuxhomekeka eRashiya kwi kubatyali-kwamanye amazwe. Yinto ethile ngokuchuma ndini. Ukuba umthombo wayo ngu ngaphandle, ngoko xa naluphi na utshintsho kule meko kwimpilo-ntle akukho ithuba lokusinda.

Ngoko ke, le ntlekele-2008 ibe umnxeba angasebenzi kuqoqosho Russian. Ngokutsho uchwepheshe owaziwayo-kakuhle kuqoqosho - uMphathiswa woPhuhliso lwezoQoqosho uMnu Ulyukayev, iRussia okwangoku kwimeko sentlekele ezintathu: zokusebenza, ezoqoqosho kunye neAfrika.

ekuhloleni kakhulu ngokwaneleyo imeko ubunyani Russian, Ulyukayev akazange ukususa uxanduva kwenzeka ntoni na amagunya elibusayo. Kodwa awuxhasi ezilindelekileyo ophambene ekuweni kwezoqoqosho.

Inye kuphela Lamacebo malunga nendlela yokoyisa le ntlekele - ukuba akhangele amanye amajelo amandla ngaphakathi lizwe. Kwaye esibonisayo kwaye ubunyani, kunye nembali ezikhoyo zikarhulumente Russian ngobuninzi.