Umfuziselo ezisisiseko kwezoqoqosho - isishwankathelo

imifuziselo zoqoqosho amele ngokubanzi nokugcina ubudlelwane zentlalo-qoqosho kwaye ubudlelwane phakathi kwezolimo, elasekwa ngokusekelwe ezikhoyo iintlobo impahla kunye neendlela nokulawulwa umsebenzi soqoqosho. Njengoko kwezolimo ukuze imizi, iinkampani kunye norhulumente.

Kule minyaka yokugqibela ezimakhulu mabini ehlabathini esetyenziswa ikakhulu imodeli ezine koqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ezi nkqubo zimbini kunye rhwebo lubalaseleyo - capitalism nyulu kunye capitalism mihla, kunye neendidi ezimbini inkqubo non-imarike - yolawulo-umyalelo kunye yemveli. Kwaye phakathi imifuziselo ngokubanzi sophuhliso lwezoqoqosho enikwe ayikhuphi iintlobo imifuziselo yophuhliso lwezoqoqosho kwimimandla kumazwe ngamnye. Ezi zilandelayo Iinkcazelo ngokubanzi kwinkqubo yoqoqosho lwehlabathi.

Inkqubo yemveli

Olu hlobo lokulima ixhaphakile kumazwe ngokwaneleyo kwaye ugcina kwinqanaba elisezantsi nophuhliso lobugcisa, ukwanda eliphezulu umsebenzi wezandla kunye noqoqosho mnogoukladovuyu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kwavumela iifom ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho. Kudla walondoloza bemvelo-woluntu kwimveliso kunye nokusasazwa. Uqoqosho indima ebalulekileyo imveliso amancinci, thaca yobugcisa ezininzi kunye neefama.

In uqoqosho lwesizwe, ukusebenza ngaphantsi kwenkqubo yemveli, i indima edlalwa yi-capital angaphandle. Ubume bentlalo kuluntu ngexesha elinye kuxhomekeke phezu kweziseko ubudala ubudala kunye nezithethe, nangokodidi ekuhlaleni, estate - leyo ephazamisana kakhulu kuphuhliso lwezentlalo noqoqosho.

nkqubo yezolawulo-umyalelo

imifuziselo zoqoqosho uhlobo umyalelo baye bamkelwa kuwo onke amazwe kweminquba yali (ngaphezu kwabo bonke, eSoviet Union), kwaye kwamanye amazwe Asia.

iimpawu ezikhethekileyo olu hlobo zolawulo ziquka oku kulandelayo:

• ubunini izibonelelo zoqoqosho - urhulumente,
• bureaucratization kunye lokubanga imo yezoqoqosho,
• ngenxa yemisebenzi yoqoqosho - ucwangciso engundoqo kuqoqosho;
• nemfuneko, ubonelelo kunye nemfuno emiswe lisebe ucwangciso oluyintloko, ngaphandle abathengi ngqo kunye nabavelisi ngokusekelwe ukungabi eqhelekileyo yezopolitiko.

capitalism ecocekileyo

Le modeli ezisebenza kwiinkulungwane 18-19, yaye zazimela inkqubo kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho kunye kukhuphiswano ecocekileyo. umsebenzi Economic lwenziwa oosomashishini yedwa, ngoongxowankulu yaye, ngokunjalo, nabo lalibukele nobunini. Ukuya ukuzeyisa of capital zabucala ngokusekelwe kwiimarike simahla kunye norhulumente ezincinci uphazamisa nale nkqubo. Thina okunene waqesha abasebenzi engenabo ukhuseleko lwentlalo wakungasebenzi, ukwaluphala, ukugula.

capitalism lwangoku

Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-20, kunye kokufika revolution zobuchwepheshe, ukuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kwezakhelo zentlalo, zobugcisa kunye mveliso, ii-arhente zikarhulumente aqalile ukuthatha ngakumbi inxaxheba kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe. ngcembe capitalism Pure aguqulwe kuphuhliso capitalism mihla. Phantsi kwale nkqubo, nayiphi na imodeli yesizwe yezoqoqosho, ezafumana iimpawu zayo ezithile esekelwe phezu iimpawu iimeko zentlalo, yobuhlanga, geographical nezembali. Makhe sihlolisise ezinye zazo.

imodeli american

• ukhuthazo Active kwamashishini amancinci (80% yazo zonke imisebenzi emitsha zenzelwe ngamashishini amancinci);
• State kancinane iphazamisane ummiselo koqoqosho;
• ubunini State lunikwa encinane kakhulu kwimali iyonke ifom kobunini;
• libizwa ezithile ngokwezinga kokuhlala ngokwemigangatho kwezityebi namahlwempu;
• wakumgangatho owanelisayo lokuphila kunye nokhuseleko loluntu abemi abahluphekileyo.

Umfuziselo Japanese kwezoqoqosho

• impembelelo esebenzayo kuphuhliso loqoqosho karhulumente kunye nocwangciso olusisinyanzelo oku (izicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu ezirhuqwa ukuya kwiindawo ezithile kuqoqosho);
• imivuzo evela kubasebenzi eziqhelekileyo kunye nabaphathi mveliso iyahluka kancinci kuphela, ngoko ke inqanaba lemivuzo ephantsi labemi belizwe kahle ngokulinganayo;
• Uqoqosho ejongisele kwezentlalo (isenzo yengqesho ebomini, ubambiswano loluntu, njalo njalo).

imodeli South Korean

• ucwangciso State, uphuhliso lwezicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu;
• ulawulo olungqongqo yemisebenzi yoqoqosho angaphandle ukuze kukhuthazwe ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe nokunciphisa;
• ulawulo State of kwicandelo logcino.

Umfuziselo Chinese

• kwavumela emarikeni kunye noqoqosho lolawulo-ezicwangcisiweyo ;
• nokugcinwa imimandla yezoqoqosho free;
• amazinga ingeniso;
• ukubaluleka indlu;
• naziphi Chinese ukuba babaxhase uphuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe.