Neuroleptic - ukuba ... Action neuroleptics. uluhlu neuroleptics

Neuroleptic - ichiza ekhethekileyo lisetyenziswa ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izixhobo ezifana asetyenziswa kunyango syndromes neuropathic, ukugula ngengqondo, iziyobisi nayo ingasetyenziswa kwi nemibono. Kwakhona, iziyobisi antipsychotic ezi ebekiweyo ukuthintela wabonakala eziphambili izifo zengqondo ebantwini.

Iziphumo eziphambili yokulungiselela

Ifuthe neuroleptics zizinto ezininzi. Uphawu main amayeza - uhlobo lwe loo meko, esibonakala yi unciphiso ukusabela kwizinto ezingaphandle, buthathaka kwempixano ngokwenene nokuyaluzela, ke ingcinezelo yokoyika, yehle ndlongondlongo. Amachiza Antipsychotic nga gqiba nemibono, iimfeketho zokufeketha kunye nezinye iimpawu zengqondo, zibe nefuthe kwezonyango kwizigulane enesifo sengqondo kunye nezinye izifo zengqondo.

iziyobisi ezithile eziye zavela kule group msebenzi antiemetic, ngesenzo neuroleptics kuyafikelelwa ngenxa inhibition ukukhetha chemoreceptor aqala (ezibangela) amacandelo esi Oblongata Medulla. Ezinye antipsychotics anokuba sine okanye isebenze (ndizive ndinamandla) isiphumo. A linani leziqalelo data lalidume ngokusebenzisa normotimicheskoe kunye nesenzo antidepressive.

iipropati amayeza e iziyobisi ezahlukeneyo neuroleptic sibonakaliswa nangokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Ukudityaniswa kwamaxwebhu isiphumo lokuqala antipsychotic kunye nezinye iipropati uchaza iprofayili ifuthe nokubonakaliswa.

Njani antipsychotics?

Antipsychotics - iziyobisi xi azinampembelelo reticular lokusekwa obuchopho. data Drug Action nayo enxulumene kunye nempembelelo kwisehlo kunye excitation ubambe kudibaniso ezahlukeneyo kwenkqubo central neuropathy luvo. Namhlanje, abantu abaninzi ucwaningo ifuthe neuroleptics njengomngeneleli impembelelo inkqubo ebuchotsheni. Izazinzulu wayiqokelela iinkcukacha ezaneleyo kwi neziphumo zezi arhente kwi adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, kunye GABAergic neurotransmitter nezinye iinkqubo ezibandakanya ifuthe neuropeptide kunye nenkqubo ebuchotsheni. Ingakumbi eninzi ingqalelo kutshanje yanikwa inkqubo yentsebenziswano izakhiwo ingqondo dopamine kunye neuroleptics. Xa inhibition umsebenzi engumlamleli dopamine ivela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga engundoqo kula machiza, liphuhlisa ebizwa ngokuba yi-syndrome neuroleptic luphawulwa ukuphazamiseka extrapyramidal, umz, ezifana ucutheko ngokuzenzekelayo izihlunu, akathisia (Mzoli), parkinsonism (lafa, izihlunu ngqongqo), iveze, umkhuhlane . Le isiphumo yimpumelelo ngenxa isiphumo olubiyele of neuroleptics kwizakhiwo subcortical zobuchopho apho yaba inani elikhulu ezenza avelana dopamine.

Abonakalise ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga iziyobisi antipsychotic - yinto siganeko ulungiso unyango kunye ukuqeshwa correctors ezizodwa (iziyobisi "Akineton", "Cyclodol").

pharmacodynamics

Neuroleptic - ichiza, esebenza receptors dopamine central evusa ezinye iingxaki ezidalwe, kubandakanywa nabo phantsi kwempembelelo lwabo iyahuthaza zisanyisa. Xa uvimba neuroleptics receptors dopamine yebhinqa eyomeleziweyo secretion of prolactin. Ukwenza le ngxenye, la machiza zinqanda secretion hormone okukhula kunye corticotropin.

Antipsychotics - iziyobisi babe elifutshane isiqingatha ubomi umzimba, baze emva kokuba ulawulo olulodwa, zibe nefuthe elifutshane. Izazinzulu ziye wadala a machiza ezizodwa kunye ixesha elide isenzo ( "DITT yokugcina", "Geloperidola decanoate," "Piportil L4", "klopiksol yokothula"). antipsychotics amathuba amaninzi zidityaniswa nye kusasa ezithatha ichiza ekuvuseleleni ukusebenza, elinesibini - sine. Ukuze isiqabu le affective-bazikhohlisa syndrome Kucetyiswa ukuba ungenisa lakhula kubanjiswene kunye antipsychotics.

Ubungqina obubonakalayo buxela

Ukwamkela antipsychotics emiselweyo, ingakumbi ngokuphatha nozogeny ngayo paranoid (reactions sensitive) kunye ezingapheliyo iintlungu somatoform disorder.

IMimiselo egunyazisa data

unyango neuroleptic kuyaqalwa yendawo idosi eziziisekondari enyangayo, uze nokuvavanya ukusebenza uze ugqibe kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha balawule. Le umthamo neuroleptics ngokukhawuleza ikhule ukuya kwiqondo elithile, nto leyo ke kancane kancane ngamaxesha 3-5, kunye nonyango iba uphawu anti-axhasayo. Tshintsha isixa elalabelwe ichiza ngqongqo rhoqo ngabanye. On amathamo yesondlo Kwathi emveni kokuba bafike isiphumo enyangayo ezinqwenelekayo. Ukuqhuba unyango anti-zingabuyi ngcono iziyobisi ndoyolula isenzo. Indlela ukuphathwa kweziyobisi psychotropic kubalulekile. Ngelo lokuqala unyango, ulawulo parenteral kucetyiswa apho isiqabu kweempawu kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza (bolus efakwa, ngedriphu efakwa, intramuscular). Ngaphezu koko kukhethwa ngomlomo ukuthatha neuroleptics. Uluhlu amachiza kakhulu ngempumelelo ziya kunikwa ngezantsi.

Drug "Propazin"

Esi sixhobo has a okulalisa, inciphise ixhala weentshukumo umsebenzi. Amayeza ezisetyenziswa ukuphazamiseka asemdeni kwizigulane kunye nezifo somatic, ukuba kukho ephazamisayo, ukuphazamiseka ngokuthi-, izenzo. Thatha iyeza ngaphakathi amaxesha 2-3 ngemini 25 mg, ukuba kuyimfuneko - ithamo kufuneka kwandiswa ukuya ku 100-150 mg ngosuku. Xa usebenzisa iingedosi ezincinane ezi mpawu sifo Parkinson yakhe, njengokuba umthetho, akukho waphawula.

Drug "Etaperazin"

medicament Antipsychotic onesiphumo isebenze kwaye uchaphazela syndromes ephawulwa silale, ukudideka, silale. Ukongeza, ichiza "Etaperazin" isetyenziselwa unyango nezifo, ekhatshwa uxinzelelo, uloyiko, ixhala. Ithamo yemihla ngemihla medicament yi-20 mg.

Lithetha "Triftazin"

isiyobisi Protivobredovym kunomphumela ophawulekayo nokuphelisa ukuphazamiseka hallucinatory. Le medicament lubanesiphumo oluvuselela esiphakathi (ndizive ndinamandla). Ingasetyenziswa kwi ukunyanga zokudakumba Nedlac kunye mba we athi phithi. Kuba unyango amayeza ukuphazamiseka somatoform "Triftazin" kudityaniswe lakhula kunye uxinezeleko. Le umthamo medicament yi 20-25 mg ngosuku.

Drug "teralen"

Le medicament anazo Umsebenzi antihistaminic kunye neuroleptic. Ukulungiselela "teralen" i sine wobulali yaye kunempembelelo entle ngemiqondiso sinestopaticheski ipohondricheskih umda abhalise iimpawu zengqondo ephuhlisa nxamnye somatogenic ezosulelayo, ibonwa ezinemigca kwindawo ezimbi neuro. Luphawu asetyenziswe practice gerontological kunye wezifo. Akukhuthazwa ukuba zisetyenziswe kuzo izifo komzimba kunye nezilonda ulusu. Drug ngaphakathi 10-40 mg ngosuku, intramuscularly kusetyenziswa njengesisombululo 0.5%.

Lithetha "Tiridazin"

Eli chiza ukusebenza antipsychotic kunye walo ngaphandle ibangela umthomalalisi kunye silale. Kwakhona, lo medicament usebenzisa ngcathu inyathelo timolepticheskoe. Iyeza kakhulu olusebenzayo ngokweemvakalelo ibonisa rastrojstvah, ebonakala uxinezelekile, ixhala, inkanuko. Xa unyango kweemeko asemdeni ezisetyenzisiweyo 40-100 mg kweziyobisi ngamnye ngosuku. Xa izenzakalo ezifana neurasthenia, ukuba nochuku, ixhala, emathunjini neurogenic olusebenzayo kunye nokuphazamiseka sentliziyo bathabatha amayeza amaxesha 2-3 ngemini 5/10/25 mg. Premenstrual luvo disorder - amaxesha 1-2 ngosuku ukuya kuma-25 mg.

Drug "Chlorprothixenum"

amayeza Antipsychotic kwaye okulalisa, kwandisa imiphumo amachiza thile. amachiza asetyenziswa kwiimeko psychoneurotic luphawulwa luloyiko, ixhala. Ukusetyenziswa ichiza kubonisiwe neurosis, kuquka kwimvelaphi zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo somatic, zokulala, izilonda ulusu, chaza subdepressive. kuthetha ka 5-10-15 mg idosi, uthathe amayeza emva izidlo amaxesha 3-4 ngemini.

Drug "Flyuanksol"

Esi sixhobo iye antidepressive, iqalisa, isiphumo anxiolytic. Xa unyango ithi edakumbisayo athathe apathic 0.5-3 mg kweziyobisi ngamnye ngosuku. Kuba unyango ukuphazamiseka zengqondo kunye subdepression, asthenia, ibonwa hypochondriacal idosi yemihla ngemihla yi-3 mg. Medicament "Flyuanksol" akubangeli emini kwaye alunasiphumo kwi focus.

Lithetha "Eglonil"

Ichiza Isiphumo zomthetho kwi-CNS, kukho umsebenzi eliphakathi neuroleptic, nto leyo kudityaniswe ethile yeQela kunye neziphumo ivuselela. Oku kusetyenziswa kwiimeko apho luphawulwa ubuthathaka, silale, anergy. Sebenzisa kwizigulane kunye somatoform, ukuphazamiseka somatisation kwisiqalo subdepressive mood nesikhumba izifo, ekhatshwa ukurhawuzelela. Olu nyango ngokukodwa eboniswe ukusetyenziswa izigulane kuye kukho uhlobo ezifihlakeleyo ukudakumba, senestopaticheskie disorder. Kukwacetyiswa kwakhona ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi "Eglonil" nokudakumba kunye iqapheleka syndrome cephalgic, ubukho njengokungathi ezinjengezo vertigo kunye migraine. Isixhobo kwakhona kunempembelelo cytoprotective kwi isifo esiswini, ngoko isetyenziselwa unyango iimeko ezifana gastritis, isilonda duodenal nesisu, udikwa ngokukhawuleza kwesisu syndrome, isifo Crohn kaThixo. Ithamo Kucetyiswa - 50-100 mg ngosuku, ithamo bemihla ngemihla banda 150-200 mg xa kuyimfuneko. Amayeza zingasetyenziswa xa zidityaniswe kunye nemithi yokunciphisa sedating.

engemihle neuroleptics

Njengalo naluphi na isiyobisi, imiba ezingalunganga, kunye antipsychotics, kwakhona abo basebenzisa ndlela ibonisa uphuhliso neziphumo ezibi kunokwenzeka. ukusetyenziswa Long-term okanye ukusetyenziswa kwala machiza kungabangela nesenzeko zilandelayo:

• Zonke isindululo olungongezwanga, umntu sikweni ihambela kumacala ahlukeneyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngesantya esiphezulu. Fumana ukulahla iingcamango esilawulayo, ndizole, ukufumana indawo ekhululekile, uyakwazi kuphela emva kokuba ulwamkelo amachiza psychotropic.

• Kukho intshukumo lomgadi amehlo, izihlunu ubuso kunye iindawo ezahlukeneyo omzimba, kwenaliti.

• Ngenxa ekutshatyalalisweni imisipha yobuso utshintshe iimpawu zakhe. "Elibhalwe ngokumileyo" umntu kuze abuyele eziqhelekileyo, ukuhlala nomntu de kwasekufeni kwakhe.

• Ngenxa neuroleptics labagula kakhulu kunye nengcinezelo e-nervous system iphuhlisa ngokudandatheka, ochaphazela kakhulu ifuthe unyango.

• Neuroleptic - ichiza ukuba unalo nefuthe ngqo kwi iphecana zesisu, ngoko ke iyeza data unyango banokuziva ukungakhululeki isisu, umlomo owomileyo.

• izinto ezinjalo ezakha neuroleptics njengoko thioxanthene kunye phenothiazine, kuchaphazela kakubi umbono yabantu.

antipsychotics Nedlac

amachiza anjalo kunempembelelo enkulu phezu receptors serotonin ngaphezu dopamine. Ngoko ke, isiphumo anxiolytic kwaye umthomalalisi ukuba ucaca ngakumbi antipsychotic. Ngokungafaniyo neuroleptics ezithile, bona ngaphantsi ezichaphazela ingqondo.

Cinga antipsychotics eziphambili Nedlac.

Medicament "Sulpiride"

Eli chiza isetyenziselwa unyango iimeko ezifana ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo somatized, hypochondriacal, syndromes senestopaticheskie. Le medicament kunesiphumo isebenze isenzo.

Drug "Solian"

Isenzo esi sixhobo iyafana ekulungiseleleni elidlulileyo. Kusetyenziswa imiqathango hypobulia, ibonwa bengenamdla ukuze cupping ukuphazamiseka hallucinatory-bazikhohlisa.

Lithetha "Clozapine"

Eli chiza a okulalisa uvote, kodwa akuthethi ukuba uxinezeleko. iziyobisi Used in the treatment of syndromes catatonic kunye hallucinatory-bazikhohlisa.

Lithetha "Olanzalin"

Ichiza lisetyenziswa iingxaki zengqondo kunye catatonic syndrome. Nokusebenzisa elide ichiza angase ukutyeba.

Drug "Risperidone"

Le ndlela Nedlac ezisetyenziswayo kakhulu ngokubanzi. iziyobisi imbalo siqala ukusebenza ngokuchasene neempawu hallucinatory-delirious, uphawu catatonic, ukuba likhoboka lento ethile disorder.

Lithetha "Rispolept-Consta"

Esi iyeza elide-owenza omeleza impilo izigulane. Kwakhona kuthetha ibonisa ngempumelelo phezulu nxamnye acute syndromes hallucinatory-paranoid endrogennogo genesis.

Medicament "Quetiapine"

Eli chiza, njengezinye antipsychotics Nedlac, ichaphazela zombini dopamine kwaye receptor seratoninovye. Oku lisetyenziswa paranoid, syndromes hallucinatory, uchulumanco kwengqondo. Imithi ukusebenza bucala kwaye abangaxhalabisiyo kuthiwa ukuvuselela.

Drug "Ziprasidone"

Kuthetha iimpembelelo le dopamine D-2 receptors, i-5-ht-2 receptor kunye neebhloko ezi reuptake of norepinephrine kunye serotonin. Inika ukusebenza kwayo unyango ukuphazamiseka zosulele hallucinatory-bazikhohlisa kwaye ngokwenene. Ukusetyenziswa ichiza contraindicated phambi arrhythmias nabanezinto ezingaqhelekanga yenkqubo sentliziyo.

Lithetha "Aripiprazole"

Iyeza lisetyenziswa kuzo zonke iintlobo ukuphazamiseka ngengqondo. Ichiza kunceda ukubuyisela umsebenzi ngokwasengqondweni xa kunyango schizophrenia.

Lithetha "Sertindole"

medicament Applied xa ithi inertly-apathic, iziyobisi kuphucula umsebenzi kwengqondo, Umsebenzi bucala. Imithi ukusebenzisa ngenyameko "Sertindole" isifo sentliziyo - kunokubangela arrhythmia.

Drug "Invega"

Le livimbela medicine ukuqhubela,, iimpawu catatonic hallucinatory-bazikhohlisa ngengqondo xa izigulane sengqondo.

engemihle antipsychotics Nedlac

Action amachiza afana "Clozapine" "olanzapine" "Risperidone", "Ariprazol" ngumkhuba sikhatshwa lutshintsha neyrolepsii ezidalwe ebonakalayo ezinokubangela ukutyeba, uphuhliso ukudla, ukunyusa umgangatho hormone athile (prolactin). Xa unyango amayeza "Clozapine" kusenokubakho uhlaselwe kunye agranulocytosis. Acceptance lithetha "Quetiapine" ngokufuthi kubangela ukozela, intloko ebuhlungu, transaminases zesibindi anda, ukunyuka kobunzima bomzimba.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba namhlanje, izazinzulu wayiqokelela ulwazi olwaneleyo ebonisa ukuba ukongama antipsychotics Nedlac phezu boqobo na kubaluleke kangaka. Nokufumana kwabo elabelwe xa usebenzisa neuroleptics ezithile kakhulu ngcono imeko yomguli akukho ulandelwe.

Ukurhoxiswa of neuroleptics

Njengalo naluphi na amayeza, uye iipropati psychoactive, iziyobisi antipsychotic ukuba sixhomekeke kakhulu engqondweni nasemzimbeni. ukurhoxiswa ngokukhawuleza beziyobisi engabangela uphuhliso ndlongo eyomeleleyo, ukudandatheka. Umntu uba isineke kakhulu, ukukhalaza. Kwakhona zingavela kweempawu zesi sifo, unyango isicelo antipsychotics.

Ukusuka kwindawo komzimba ngembono mpawu kwamatyala ezifanayo iimpawu iziyobisi neuroleptic ngexesha kupheliswe: indoda kuthwaxwa uqaqanjelwa emathanjeni, esiva ubunzima yintloko ebuhlungu, ugwayi. Inokuphuhlisa isicaphucaphu, urhudo kunye nezinye izifo emathunjini.

sixhomekeke Psychological akavumi umntu ukuyeka ukusebenzisa ezi mali, kuba buhlungu ukoyika yokubuyela udakumbile, ubomi uxinezeleke.

Njani ayeke ukuthatha neuroleptics, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa imeko eqhelekileyo yempilo? Okokuqala, ufanele wazi ukuba usebenzisa iziyobisi antipsychotic ngaphandle kagqirha likagqirha ithe contraindicated. Kuphela liyincutshe onamava uyakwazi ukuhlola ngokwaneleyo imeko yomguli kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo. Kwakhona, ugqirha uya kunika iingcebiso ekunciphiseni ithamo amayeza ziphele. Izikali kufuneka licuthwa ngokucuthwa, ngaphandle ubuhlungu kakhulu. Ingcali Further ubeka lakhula, eziya kuxhasa urhulumente nangokweemvakalelo yomguli kunye nokuthintela kuphuhliso uxinezeleko.

Neuroleptic - isixhobo zonyango ekuvumela ukuba ukubuyisela isimo sengqondo yomntu. Noko ke, ukuze uphephe uphuhliso ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, qiniseka ukulandela izindululo ugqirha hayi self-medicate. Hlala uphilile!