-Moya "White Swan" Tu-160: inkcazelo, iinkcukacha,

moya Russian "White Swan" - umatshini eyenzelwe Tupolev fanele ukuba udidi ezontathu. I yaqokelelwa ngexesha Union. cars aliqela kwaye isebenza kule mini. A isici esasenza kule modeli yeyona geometry wing bume. Iklasi of iingalo ibhekisela ekuhlaseleni. Njengabo bonke oomatshini Tupolev, I got "DB" yalo kwisihloko. Igama elipheleleyo Technical Data - Tu-160.

Okwangoku, imveliso moya yaphela, kodwa eendaba ukusuka kumaxesha ngamaxesha kukho amarhe okuba iya kuhlaziywa, kuthathelwa ingqalelo zonke ezintsha kunye nophuhliso ezikhoyo namhlanje.

amagama ...

-Moya "White Swan" - iklasi kuphela yonke Aviation Russian, got igama layo. Mhlawumbi oku kubangelwa kukuba moya enjalo eRashiya ayikho kangako. Mhlawumbi e kuphela, kodwa elowo "White Swan" Kwakhona unalo igama layo. Ngawo la amagama labaqhubi abaziwayo (Tu-160 "Valery Chkalov") Amaqhawe fairytale (Tu-160 "iikulya Muromets"), okanye abayili ezaziwayo-kakuhle kunye ziintshatsheli.

18

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, izithuthi kunye on-ibhodi "18" kwi CB nani ezimbini. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala igumbi ibhodi wafumana imodeli Uhambo lokuqala. Yena uziphose 18 Disemba 1981. Lo moya yesibini obuqokelelwe amalinge engatshintshiyo, kwaye ke akazange avuke emoyeni. Le elandelayo moya (yesithathu) waba ipateni yokubhabha.

Imoto yesibini ezinenani ekwinqwelo "18" emva kokuqalisa kwemveliso serial weza. Yena ndakuzuza igama lakhe "Andrei Tupolev." Ngokutsho umenzi (Kazan) sele idlule ukubuyiselwa acwangcisiweyo ngo-2013.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ixesha lokuba lo moya qhinga, "White Swan", njengoko yayibizwa ngoko, eneriseka eninzi imali, kwaye yaphuhliswa kuphela iimfuno eSoviet Union, ngoko ingqiqo seriality apha ungasebenzisa i twa. Ukuze ukurhweba le modeli akasinikanga.

Nokuba umhlambi mkhulu?

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka ngqo iimpawu moya nezakhono izixhobo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba, ngokungafaniyo nezinye non-serial, apha imeko yahlukile. Unomdla umbuzo moya zingaphi, "White Swan" eRashiya, kusenokwenzeka ukuba wakhumbula ukuba ngemoto Ulihlanganisele ngemihla Union kwaye kuqokelelwa kule mini, ukuba kukho umanyano. Kodwa ngokuwa Union isikali imveliso indibano wayeka apha. Ngoko ke, ukuba baqokelela ezingama koomatshini 35 bakwazile iqondwe emoyeni phakathi kwabo - umyalelo ziwe ngaphantsi. Kodwa ezinye iingxelo eendaba, Ubulungiseleli Russian Defence uceba ukwandisa "weentaka" lwezithuthi neeyunithi-50. Kunye nale nto maxesha oomatshini ubudala, ngokunjalo nophuhliso olutsha.

Ekubeni ingqalelo imeko namhlanje, sibheka kuzo imbali yendalo, uphuhliso izixhobo kunye nezinye iinkcukacha, ngaphandle apho yokuzithenga ayisekho moya zomkhosi "White Swan", okanye ukuba eyahlukileyo. Eneneni, ekuqaleni indima ababhekisi phambili eziphambili zinika ayikho Tupolev. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Imbali kwi "White Swan"

Phakathi kwiminyaka yee nenani-70 kwi-Union waphawula izakhono enamandla isifo yenyukliya, kwaye ngexesha elinye ukucima umsebenzi ongekenziwa kwi udidi Aviation qhinga. Olu udidi kuloo minyaka kuphela ekuhlaseleni subsonic abakwazi kugqitha ukuziphendulela abekwa bangi. Ngoko ke, ngo-1967 urhulumente waseSoviet yakhupha umyalelo malunga nokusekwa "moya entsha, ngobuchule multi-mode." Development kweprojekthi kwaye ufunde kwi Dry Myasishcheva Bureau. Tupolev ngelo xesha nezinye ii-odolo, ukuze lo moya abazange bazibandakanye. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngokuphuhlisa iinqwelomoya ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo, zombini i-Bureau kuvunyelwene kwinto enye - kuzo zombini iiprojekthi kwakungomnye bume nditshayele iphiko.

nokwakhiwa ezintsha moya

Ngaloo Sukhoi manzi uguqulelo T-4, ngaphambili eyilwe ngabo, yaye Myasischev hamba enye indlela - iziko eyenzelwe multimode bomber enomjukujelwa M-20. Unako kwakhona uqaphele ukuba zombini iinguqulelo zicwangciswa kunye nezinye iinguqulelo - moya antisubmarine okanye moya kwesimo eliphezulu-ukuphakama.

Tupolev enxulumene ngo-1969, emva kokuba Force Air ngokutsha izicwangciso nesinika isakhelo ngexesha elithile. Qaphela ukuba Tupolev waba kuyigqitha komntu okhuphisana - TR-144, i-supersonic umkhweli airliner. uphuhliso yayo uvumele ukusombulula iingxaki ezisisiseko moya phambi supersonic. Unga kwakhona ukhankanye Tu-22m, ukuyilwa apho iye yavavanywa iinkqubo izixhobo ezitsha kunye nezixhobo navigation. Project sakhulula lwawo bafana eziphuculweyo Tu-144 yaye batsale-moya, "White Swan". Uphawu zakhe ubukhulu becala yaphinda iimpawu we 144, kodwa ezinye iindawo ezintsha ukoyisa ekuvelisweni Tu-22m.

Isigqibo esixhasa i "White Swan"

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uMkhosi waseMoyeni iye yayiqwalasela inguqulo ye Sukhoi - le bomber omtsha T-4m, kodwa suhovtsy ngelo xesha baqala ukuphuhlisa T-10 (eyaziwa ngokuba SS-27), kwaye utshintsho kwi-moya enzima kuza kulibaziseka uphuhliso yayo kangangexesha elingenammiselo. Ngoko ke, emkhosini yamkela "isisombululo Solomonic". Suhovtsy kuqhubeka ukusebenza ukulwa, kodwa zonke izinto kwi-T-4m igciwane Tupolev, nto leyo izisa lo moya ukuya kwimveliso series.

Mhlawumbi oku kuya kuba iiprojekthi kunye phezu, yaye inqwelo-moya entsha "White Swan" yayiza uqambe T-4m, kodwa Tupolev wagqiba ngenye indlela. Wayinikela amaxwebhu waza wagqiba ukuqhubeka uphuhliso moya entsha variable nditshayele iphiko. Layout fixed-Iphiko ayisa liyenyuka. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uMkhosi waseMoyeni uqambe iimfuno ezimbini ezisisiseko - moya transonic kwi iyenzeka okanye subsonic ngokubanzi. Kwaba ukuphendula kwezi meko eziphikisanayo Babonakala moya, nto leyo kamva wafumana igama ikhowudi ye-Tu-160M. "M" kule meko kwakuthetha inguqulelo maxesha yesicelo kobugcisa ezintsha nezinto. Waza waqala uphuhliso lwezi zixokelelwano zitsha basafunda, isisu semoto, iinjini kunye namanye amacandelo. Xa zizonke, lo moya "White Swan" wafumana izinto ezivela kwimibutho ezingaphezu kwama-500 kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.

"I Swan" kanye ukuguqulwa

Nangona isiphelo kunokuba enzima Tu-160, ukongeza imodeli isiseko, baye basungula iintlobo-4 160th ezahlukeneyo indices ezahlukeneyo kwaye lulungiselelwe iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye umfuziselo Tu-161, nto leyo iba fuselage ngokubanzi ngenxa yokusetyenziswa iinjini kwi hydrogen ulwelo.

Ngenxa yoko, imodeli eziveziweyo zazo i-Tu-160PP - moya avionics iimbalelwano. Ukongezelela kubeko ubungakanani ngokupheleleyo-and definition izixhobo eziyimfuneko, akukho manyathelo angamanye wayengekho. Tu-160P kodwa imijukujelwa wayeza kukwazi umlweli enzima. Model NC-74 (TU-160) aya kufumana i-injini okhethekileyo, enamandla ngaphezu eyayiza kuba nempembelelo entle kuluhlu. Okokugqibela, i-Tu-160K uye wahlala kuphela ephepheni - irula yeprojekthi ezintsonkothileyo.

data Flight nesantya

Indlela ukubhala ukubuyekeza kwi Internet, unamandla, eyona inzima, lo moya ilungileyo "White Swan". Uphawu data moya :. namaphiko 35-55 m Kule ndawo Iphiko kuhlala ingatshintshanga ngo-232 macala onke. m Service yophahla - km 21 (Thelekisa, le nqanawa umkhweli ukuba kuvuka ku 11.5).. Ixesha yeflayithi ibe ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-15 ngaphandle kokufaka zibhabha ngayo 12 500 km. Ukulwa engaba km 5000.

Lo moya ezingaqhutywa ngumbutho crew ka-4, kunye namalungu enqanaweni banethuba aphakame, Yolule imilenze yabo. ubude Lilonke 50 m, ukuphakama - 13 kwibhodi nekhitshi encinane kunye lokuhlambela. Motor 4 acofiweyo ukuya fuselage, ngeembadada ezimbini kwicala ngalinye, bayakwazi ukuphuhlisa ukuwutyhalela ku-18000 imo kgf afterburner uyakwazi ukungena 25000.

Njengoko ukuba BBC wathunywa ukuba bahlanganise i-moya ikwazi ngesantya supersonic yalugudla (esilolo hlobo phambi kokuba Union akwazi yayama kuphela TU-144) - airliner supersonic, isantya-moya, "White Swan" ixesha elide sasingumba imbambano. Nangona kunjalo ingami isantya-920 km / h, kwaye ufikelela umda 2300 km / ngeyure. Isantya kwi ukunyuka 4000 minute m /. Ukuze sithulwe umatshini efunekayo band ubude ubuncinane 800 m, angahlala ubude band ubuncinane 2 km.

izikhali

Kuhleli ukuchaza iinkcukacha enye ngaphezulu ukuba lisoloko ekhankanywe xa sithetha izithuthi zomkhosi, nto leyo i "White Swan". -Moya, nto leyo ifuna izixhobo ukufumana phezu kwintsimi utshaba - ukuze nithi malunga bomber. Kodwa nantsi i "Swan" akuthethi kubonakala phezu kwintsimi yotshaba.

Njengoko bomber ngobuchule Tu-160 babenalo ithuba lokusebenzisa imijukujelwa iza. Sebenzisa ingaba 2 uhlobo. Le X-55SM wasebenzisa ukubetha ekujoliswe ukuba zilungelelanise ahambelanayo (uqondisa ekujoliswe abo kungenile memory iibhloko enomjukujelwa phambi kokuphuma-moya). Xa ibhabha, ungasebenzisa ukuya imijukujelwa 12. Okanye X-15c yenzelwe ukuba litshitshiswe iinjongo yokuba close - kwibhodi ingathatha imijukujelwa 24 sale hlobo.

Kunika umdla ukuba emva izinga imijukujelwa yaba eziphambili - ukusebenzisa neebhombu izindululi kusenokufuneka ukuba ukudubula. Ziyaqhubeka Ungasebenzisa kwimigodi yomkhosi wamanzi, enyukliya okanye Ziyaqhubeka ezisebenzisanayo. Further Ukuphuculwa koomatshini ezikhoyo ukuvumela ukusetyenziswa X-101 kunye X-555 - umjukujelwa entsha, ezenzelwe ukwanda uluhlu kwaye lujolise nokutshatyalaliswa phantse kuzo zonke iiklasi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba eziphila okanye zaselwandle kusini.

isiphelo

Ngokutsho iingcali ezininzi, lo moya "White Swan" izihlandlo eziliqela ngaphambi azinakuze yayo engundoqo, i-US B-1 kunye IsiNgesi masosha Typhoon. Flight uluhlu Tu-160M (eziphuculweyo) 4 amaxesha eziphezulu inani Brit naweebhombu kwakhona izihlandlo eziliqela ngaphezulu. iinjini ukusebenza ngcono ngaphezu version IsiNgesi. Isantya moya ngaphezu American 1.5 umqolo kunye ukulwa radius ngasentla 1.5. Ibambelele Motors phantse izihlandlo 2 ngakumbi. Xa kuthelekiswa B-2 (uphuculo B-1), iimpawu ezo zalungisa, apho kunokwenzeka, i-Tu-160 wayeza kuba ngcono ukuba nayiphi parameter.