Mngxuma Patom kunye sisifa

North of kummandla Irkutsk yohlukile kwezinye iindawo eSiberia, kungekuphela nje ubuhle eyodwa yomhlaba, kodwa ke ubukho into, ogama imvelaphi lo gama imfihlelo zesayensi. mngxuma Patom, okanye "intaba indlwane ukhozi", kwafunyaniswa phakathi kwenkulungwane yama-20. ngoko yokwakheka komhlaba Vadim Kolpakov wayengazi ukuba lokuvula wakhe ngeenxa uya kujolisa ingqalelo yoluntu. Riddle Patom mngxuma kukuba kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi nokubunjwa kwayo, akukho nanye kuzo eye akafunyanelwanga ubungqina ngaphezulu okanye ikholisa ngaphantsi.

Imbali ngexesha lokufunyanwa umngxuma eSiberia: indlela kwaba

Imbali kwafunyanwa ukubunjwa engaqhelekanga zejoloji yinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu neSiberia. Patom mngxuma, photo akunjalo rhoqo, kodwa inokubonwa kumajelo eendaba, kuqala esamkelwa Vadimom Kolpakovym kunye neqela komhlaba babumba imephu zejoloji ndawo, ngokuba isanga zesiqhelo.

Konke kwenzeka ehlotyeni, imozulu ishushu kakhulu. Huge ngobukhulu into efana iphiramidi, kamva zihlelwa zizazinzulu njengemfumba inkunkuma wesisele, kodwa akukho zimpawu imigodi kwafunyanwa kufutshane. Kwaba lelo xesha ke, ngo-1949, Vadim Kolpakov waqonda ukuba Patom mngxuma - yinto ekhethekileyo. yeengcinga aliqela ngoonobangela kwakhe phambili nemfundo yakhe: ukuzalwa mlilo entsha, intwana ye-zimpahla bawile okanye ibakho ezinzulwini basabela radioactive.

Hypothesis lokuqala: kukuwa zimpahla

Kwiphulo lokuqala, yiya ukuhlola mngxuma Patom, ogama zilungelelanise kwabhalwa Kolpakov eyayiqokelelwe kwiminyaka eli-15 kuphela emva phantse - ngo-1963. ke wabekwa ukuba ubungakanani Nedlac zejoloji namageduka into kwaye iqulathe izinto ezinokuba kucacise ukukhanya kwi imvelaphi yayo. Noko ke, oku akuzange ukunceda ukuqinisekisa ngokuqiniseka kutheni phakathi neenduli eziluhlaza alekwe Conifers, kwasekwa mngxuma enkulu kangaka.

Xa bekekhetha zimpahla uthe iimpawu ezifana imilo umngxuma kunye engile kwayo ethambekeni. Ngelo xesha emazantsi Nefaneli enkulu kwafunyanwa akukho zimpawu Meteor rock. Nkqu Kuzaliseka umngxuma dvuhsotmetrovuyu zange kunceda abaphandi bafumane ubungqina ukuthetha malunga nengoma isithuba.

Mlilo okanye ...

Inguqulelo yesibini ekholisa yokuqala, kutheni ehlathini wabonakala mngxuma Patom - mlilo. Noko ke, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubume ziitectonic plates, kunye nokungabikho ziintshukumo zenyikima kule ndawo kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, izazinzulu kwanyanzeleka ukuba bashiye lo mbono. Ukongeza, i-mlilo entsha isuka (ifom Crater zivunywa phantsi le nkcazelo) ayikwazanga ngoko nangoko xa befile abaphili, yaye kuya kuqhubeka ukuze ulahle ngaphandle iimfesane zakhe eweni yoqobo kunye neegesi, njengoko ngokwesiqhelo ngethuba ekuqaleni kwalo.

An echo le Tunguska zimpahla?

Inguqulelo esilandelayo ngemvelaphi umngxuma ngafakwa phambili embalwa eminyaka A. M. Portnovym. Emva ekuqokeleleni olunye uhambo ukufunda Patom mngxuma (2013), isazinzulu izama ukufumana i "Tunguska ndlela." Into yokuba imfundo sifana kakhulu kwenye indawo, ebekwe kumgca ngqo phakathi Patom mngxuma kunye nendawo apho kuthiwa yawa Tunguska zimpahla. Nangona kunjalo, olu guqulelo yi fiasco fast kakhulu njengoko larch, zintshula kwamaxandeka ukuyilwa engaqhelekanga zejoloji, wakhula zimpahla apho ekuqaleni kwi Tunguska emlanjeni (malunga 130-150 iminyaka). Ngokusekelwe kwezi zibakala, izazinzulu bazitshitshisela uxhulumaniso kunye uchazo oluthile zimpahla kwingxelo zejoloji ezifana Patom kuyo. 2014 zange phendla nantoni na entsha, ngaphandle, mhlawumbi, i "umkhondo radioactive."

indlela Nuclear okanye enye into?

Nangona strong radiation imvelaphi kule ndawo ngokuyinqaba kuvelile ukwakheka nokwakheka, kukho inguqulelo ukuba inkangeleko yakhe isekude indlela le kuwohloka radioactive izinto. Spila kunye nemithi ezenziwe ngexesha olunye uhambo ukuba izazinzulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba Patom mngxuma inobudlelwane ezithile kunye nabo. amakhonkco minyaka larches eyavela kummandla kwayo, ziqulathe izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo. Xa indlela apho ukwanda zonyaka localized izinto radioactive, iingcali ndiyiqinise umhla uqikelelo yamanzi lo msebenzi: nama-1845. Konke oku kwenza komhlaba kunye nezinye iingcali ukuze bacinge kunokwenzeka ukubandakanyeka kwimeko izinto kwezinye iiplanethi, ezithi zisetyenziswe uranium amafutha luphaphazela.

trail yalapha

Ngokutsho kweminye izazinzulu, Patom mngxuma kummandla Irkutsk ezinokuvela ngenxa yokungqubana kunye Umhlaba besixhobo zezindlu. Kutheni tubular? Okokuqala, ubunzulu umngxuma ibonisa ukungena ngokufanelekileyo ezinzulu umzimba eweni, nto leyo eqhelekileyo yeefomu ezinjalo izinto eziwayo. Okwesibini, emhlabeni umngxuma, kwafumaneka kubo amatye kunye nobutyobo, nto leyo ngokwindla bezinto zezindlu kuvela phantse lonke kukuninzi. Hypothesis isekelwe kwinto yokuba lombhobho emva ezendeleyo ukuya kubunzulu obumalunga nama-300 eemitha wabalekela kwipokotho gas, wabashiya amatye emphefumlweni ziye bayacalulwa ngaphezulu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, olu guqulelo njengenye yezona iyavakala, kunye nokungabikho kobungqina malunga kukuwa into va wachaza into yokuba ngenkulungwane ye-18 (umhla ezisekiweyo mngxuma Patom), loo ndawo ayizange abaninzi.

Yakut kumabali Patom mngxuma

Nantoni na, kodwa Patom mngxuma kudala kwaziwa kwisithili sonke. Abahlali Local, abathi ngayo "entabeni indlwane ukhozi", kukho ntsomi ezininzi ezinxulumene nale ndawo. Kuthiwa kufuphi abantu bayo babe imvakalelo kunzima yoloyiko, usizi, okanye ubhubhe. Bonke abo kanye bahlala naye, kungekudala wafa: uzibulele okanye eqwengwe weebhere. Kakade ke, kweli hlathi iimeko ezinjalo kunokuba eqhelekileyo, kodwa kuphela ebusika okanye kwentwasahlobo. Noko ke, kummandla Patom mngxuma iziganeko kunzima kwenzeka: kuhlaselwa ibhere ehlotyeni, nto leyo eqhelekileyo kubo.

Nxaxheba zejoloji Uhambo endleleni yabo eya kule ndawo, njengoko ubungqina iziganeko Akuchazwa. Ngoko ke, ngo-2004 kwindlela eya umngxuma yonke ngequbuliso wafa Irkutsk komhlaba UYevgeny Vorobyov. Kwathi kanti kamva, waba wahlaselwa yintliziyo kwenzeka, nangona ngaphambili intliziyo uphando wakhalaza. Kakade, esi siganeko kunganxulunyaniswa ukukhathala ngokwesiqhelo ngenxa utshintsho elide yehlathi, kodwa namanye amalungu hambo naye wayeziva kabuhlungu kakhulu.

Nangona yokuba iquka inani elikhulu izibakala, izixhobo kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezinokuba asikhanyisele imvelaphi Patom mngxuma, eli bali liqala naye kuphela. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuseza kuqengqeleka iminyaka, zokuma, iingcali ngemvelaphi kunye izazinzulu abavela kwezinye iindawo ziya kuba nako uku bana phandle njani phakathi hlathi kwakukho ummangaliso.