Izangqa ezinkulu nezincinane nokuhamba kwegazi: scheme

Xa ezincancisayo kunye nenkqubo zabantu kwegazi yeyona enzima kakhulu. It sisixokelelwano esivalekileyo ezibandakanya ejikeleza ezimbini. Ukubonelela ezinegazi elishushu, oko ngakumbi ngenkuthalo elilungileyo kwaye ivumela umntu ukuba ahlale kuleyo ndawo niche apho ngoku.

Inkqubo yegazi - iqela yelungu basemgongxweni dystrophy unoxanduva lokuhamba igazi ngokusebenzisa iimpahla umzimba. It bubonakaliswe intliziyo kunye imithambo yegazi abantu abanjalo ezahlukeneyo. Le ilungu dystrophy yakha isangqa nokuhamba kwegazi. icebo labo ecetywayo zonke iincwadi zezifundo komzimba kunye ezichazwe apha ngezantsi.

Ingcamango sekile ejikeleza

Inkqubo yegazi iquka izangqa ezibini - okuqinileyo (elikhulu) kunye nemiphunga (ezincinci). Ehlabathini inkqubo yokujikeleza kwemithambo yegazi kuthiwa, capillary, emithanjeni kunye lwemithambo-uhlobo, eli liyithweleyo ukuhamba kwegazi ukusuka entliziyweni ezityeni kunye nentshukumo yayo kwicala elahlukileyo. I-central kwegazi umzimba intliziyo, kuba akukho elisetyenziswa emithanjeni kunye nokuhamba kwegazi lwemithambo, zihlangane.

yokujikeleza kwegazi

Kuye kwasasazwa ngenkqubo yemfundo inkqubo yokubonelela izicwili peripheral igazi esimbaxa kunye ukubuyela entliziyweni. Iqala ukusuka ventricle ekhohlo apho igazi iya aorta ngokusebenzisa orifice aortic kunye valve tricuspid. Of igazi aortic sibhekiswe kwemithambo ezincinane kunye ngokubethwa uza emithanjeni. Le iseti lwemizimba ezenza ikhonkco ngenxa.

Apha inyama zabonelelwa ioksijini, kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi ziyafakwa carbon dioxide. Kananjalo ijwabu igazi ohambisa amino acids, lipoproteins, iswekile, iimveliso yokucolwa zenziwa ngaphandle emithanjeni kunye venules e ngakumbi emithanjeni ezinkulu. Awela yegazi emgongxweni ukuba sibuyele igazi ngqo wentliziyo intendelezo ekunene.

intendelezo Right iphela kwegazi. Le nkqubo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo (bejonge kwegazi): ventricle ngasekhohlo, lo aorta, kwemithambo ilastiki, ilastiki, imithambo izihlunu izihlunu imithambo, arterioles, emithanjeni, venules, imithambo yegazi kunye Vena cava, igazi babuyele wentliziyo intendelezo ekunene. Ukususela kwegazi ukondla ingqondo, isikhumba liphela, amathambo. Ngokubanzi, zonke izihlunu bondliwa yi imithambo yegazi kwegazi, kwaye ibala elincinane kuphela oxygenation kwegazi.

kwegazi pulmonary

Osemiphungeni (amancinci), ogama scheme iboniswa ngezantsi, uqala ukusuka ventricle ekunene. Kuba igazi intendelezo ekunene ngokusebenzisa orifice atrioventricular. Ukususela igazi ventricle ekunene anoxic (lwemithambo) ngokusebenzisa iplagi (pulmonary) phecana ongena buti miphungeni. Le kwemithambo yi aorta thinner. Yahlulahlulwe yaba kwamasebe amabini, ezithunyelwa zombini nemiphunga.

Ukukhanya - kuba umzimba engundoqo yakha isangqa encinane nokuhamba kwegazi. scheme ndoda ayichazwa kwiincwadi komzimba, uchaza ukuba ithombo legazi pulmonary kuyimfuneko oxygenation igazi. Apha lukunikeza ibizela icarbon dioxide neoksijini. Le emithanjeni sinusoidal emiphungeni umzimba belungafani microns malunga 30 ubukhulu, kwaye exchange negesi.

Kamva, igazi, nomoya, ithumele indlela yokusebenza imithambo intrapulmonary kwaye iqokelelwe emithanjeni ezine miphungeni. Bonke bephela ziqhotyoshelwe intendelezo ekhohlo uyise igazi ioksijini-rich. Kule Ekupheleni, kunye ejikelezayo. Scheme pulmonary libonakala ezincinane circle (bejonge yokumpompoza kwegazi): le ventricle ekunene, pulmonary, Umthambo intrapulmonary, arterioles pulmonary, sinusoid yemiphunga, venules, umthambo yemiphunga, intendelezo ekhohlo.

Iimpawu yenkqubo kwegazi

Eyona nto ibalasele ngayo inkqubo yokujikeleza entlantlu IiCD ezimbini, yimfuneko ukuba intliziyo iikhamera ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu. Le Ukubolekisa iintlanzi ndedwa, ngenxa yokuba kungekho kukhanya, yaye ukutshintshiselana igesi yonke kwenzeka izitya iigilizi. Ngenxa yoko, intlanzi-intliziyo gumbi single - nempompo utyhala igazi kwicala elinye kuphela.

Emanzini nasemhlabeni babe inkqubo yokuphefumla yaye, ke ngoko, lo kwegazi. Scheme of operation yabo ilula: empahleni yegazi ventricular ngqo kwisangqa omkhulu ezincinane - kule emithanjeni ngemithambo. ukubuya lwemithambo ukuze intliziyo nayo ukusebenza, kodwa igazi atrial ongena ewonke ixhaphayo ezimbini ventricle kwegazi. Ngenxa intliziyo kwezi zilwanyana,-gumbi ezintathu, igazi izangqa ezibini (lwemithambo kunye lwemithambo) ixubene.

Xa abantu (kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo) intliziyo ngesakhiwo 4-gumbi. atrial ezimbini kunye ventricular zombini wazabela It zokwahlula. Ukungabikho wokuxuba iintlobo ezimbini igazi (emithanjeni kunye lwemithambo) kwaba fyabo omkhulu yendaleko, okuyinto Ilungiselelwe ezincancisayo ezinegazi elishushu.

Igazi unikezelo intliziyo kunye nemiphunga

Kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi, equka izangqa ezibini, kwaye okubaluleke kakhulu amandla intliziyo kunye nemiphunga. Le amalungu ibalulekileyo ezibonelela bodwa yegazi kunye nemfezeko iinkqubo bokuphefumla kwegazi. Ngoko ke, emiphungeni yakhe ejikeleza ezimbini ziyatyeba. Kodwa eli laphu ondliwa ngenxa kuluhlu enkulu iimpahla, ukusuka aorta yegazi isetyana ukusuka iimpahla hilar inyumoniya miphungeni ephethe igazi ukuya parenchyma semiphunga. Yaye kumasebe ekunene makangayidli umzimba, nangona ezinye ioksijini kubengezele ukusuka apho. Ngenxa yoko, izangqa ezinkulu nezincinane yesekethe ejikelezayo ochazwe ngasentla, imisebenzi eyahlukileyo (enye abaya igazi kunye ioksijini, aze ayithumele kumaqumrhu yesibini, athathe igazi deoxygenated kubo).

Intliziyo kunye olujikeleza enikwe kwisangqa enkulu, kodwa akhiwe nemingxuma wayo unakho yokubonelela ioksijini igazi endocardium. Kule nxalenye imithambo engabalulekanga, kukhethwa ezincinane, yiyo ngqo emagumbini entliziyweni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba yomtshangatshangiso ukubetha kwi imithambo yenhliziyo isasazwa kwi diastole intliziyo. Ngenxa lungu anikwe igazi kuphela xa "kwesabatha".

ukuba umdla

Iizangqa circuit kwegazi yabantu imelwe wamacandelo afanelekileyo ngasentla, ukunikezela kunye ezanyisayo, nonyamezelo eliphezulu. Vumela umntu akakho na isilwanyana, leyo usoloko esebenzisa amandla akhe ukuze usinde, kodwa ezinye ezanyisayo akuvumelekanga ukuba singene zokuhlala ezithile. Ngaphambili, baba emanzini ayifumaneki kwaye ezirhubuluzayo, neentlanzi nangakumbi.

Xa phylogeny ye kwisangqa enkulu kwabonakala ngaphambili yaye uphawu nakwiintlanzi. A Isangqa encinane yongezwe kunye kuphela ezo izilwanyana abanikwe okanye ngokupheleleyo wenza ichweba yalungisa yayo. Ukusukela ekusekweni kwayo, isixokelelwano sokuphefumla kunye nokuhamba kwegazi kubhekwa ndawonye. ukuba Bakha nokubala ngokokwakheka.

Oku yindlela release yokuzivelela ezibalulekileyo kwaye sele obungenakutshatyalaliswa of zokuhlala zasemanzini lomhlaba kunye nokuhlaliswa. Ngenxa yokuba okuqhubekayo ukuntsonkotha umzimba mammalian ngoku ukuya kwi indlela ingxaki inkqubo yokuphefumla kunye yokujikeleza, kwaye ulwalathiso inzuzo oxygen- umsebenzi zothutho igazi kunye nokwanda kwindawo semiphunga.