Yokuguga

ukubola Radioactive - inkqubo apho amasuntswana eziziziqalelo ezilahlekileyo Isotope nucleus, ngenxa apho iba uzinze Isotope element. Ezi into eathom ngesantya esikhulu ukushiya atom. Ukubola Isotope radioactive okhupha gamma, kunye alpha beta amasuntswana. Ingcaciso yale nkqubo kukuba uninzi eziba ezingazinzanga. Izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo ngokuba imihlobo leyo nto imichiza kunye nenani elifanayo protons kodwa amanani ezahlukeneyo neutron.

Iintlobo ukubola radioactive: gamma, alpha kunye ukubola beta. iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe ngazo. Ngexesha ukubola alpha yabelwa helium, ekwabizwa ngokuba amasuntswana alpha, beta kuwohloka layila i-atom ulahlekelwa ovela, lihamba phambili lwezakhi ngokuthi endaweni enye, kunye gamma - kuwohloka nuclei kunye ukukhutshwa ngaxeshanye ziluhlaza, okanye gamma. Kwimeko yokugqibela, le nkqubo lwenzeka kunye nokulahlekelwa lwamandla, kodwa ngaphandle ukulungisa element imichiza.

radioactive ukubola reaction lwenzeka ngendlela yokuba ixesha elithile ukusuka izinto ezingundoqo kuza inani nucleons ngokomlinganiselo inani nucleons, leyo zisekho kwi ngumongo. Oko kukuthi, kokukhona kubo nangoku kwi-atom, kokukhona baya kuphuma kuwo. Izinga nokubola atom limisela ekuthiwa-imisebe rhoqo, nto leyo nayo eyaziwa ngokuba ukubola ukusoloko radioactive. Kodwa ke oko kudla ulinganiswa physics. Endaweni yoko, sebenzisa ixabiso afana nesiqingatha-ubomi - ixesha apho core ziya kuphulukana isiqingatha nucleons yayo. Oku kuxhomekeke kudidi lwempahla kwaye kuhlala ukusuka iqhezu kuphela ye wesibini ezigidi zeminyaka. Ngamanye amazwi, ezinye eziba athom nga khona ngonaphakade, yaye abanye - ixesha elifutshane kakhulu ukubola.

Omnye Isotope leyo wokuqala kwinkqubo ukubola, ebizwa umzali, yaye isiphumo - a Isotope kolwakhe.

izinto Radioactive ziveliswa kwiimeko ezininzi nesiphumo kwikhonkco-athom esizenzayo ngokucandeka. Umzekelo: "umzali" (primary) olungundoqo wohlulwe eziliqela "umntwana", abo, ke, nazo wahlulelene. Kwaye lo mxokelelwane aziphazamiseki de kube lelo xesha de akhiwa izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo ezizinzileyo. Umzekelo: a isiqingatha ubomi uranium yiminyaka engaphezu kwe ezine ezinesiqingatha billion. Ngeli xesha, ngenxa yokuba ngokucandeka yenyukliya yaloo phawu kuqala thorium mnye nayo iba palladium nasekupheleni konke oku kuya kukhokelela chain elide. Kunoko, eli Isotope izinzile.

ukubola Radioactive inenani lweempawu. Akwenzeki ukuba sihlale cwaka 'icala elingenzi nto-' yakhe. Umzekelo, ukuba athathe isampuli Isotope radioactive, ngenxa yokubola yayo sinokuyifumana uthotho kwezinto radioactive ezinobunzima obahlukeneyo ngumongo. Kuyenzeka ukuba banike imizekelo nobuninzi ngokucandeka nezidanga. Imisebe - kukuthi, ubukhulu becala, liselikho a yendalo. Ngapha koko, izinto ngokucandeka zenyukliya zenzeka kudala ngaphambi kokuba umntu wafumanisa kwezi ndlela. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi yalo ukubola kukhokelele ekwandeni yangasemva imitha le planethi. Ngokukodwa, ngenxa ukukhawulezisa ngumntu iinkqubo zendalo.

Le ukubola radioactive abasemhlabeni ujika zombini amathuba amatsha kunye neengozi. Umntu unokucinga inkqubo ngokucandeka of neyuranium-238 nuclei. Kuyinto, ingakumbi, kukhokelela ukuba ukuyilwa radon-222. Oku amanene egalelwe igesi kukuninzi ifumaneka kwiplanethi. Iyodwa, oko akubonakalisi nayiphi na ingozi, kodwa kuphela elide kangaka nje isiqalo athom yayo musa iqala ukubola kwezinye izinto. kwisahlulo sayo iimveliso, ingakumbi kwigumbi zakuba, ukwenzakalisa kwimpilo yabantu.

ukubola Radioactive yinkqubo ukuze baxhamle. Kodwa kuphela ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo iimveliso zayo. Umzekelo, iphosphate radioactive, elawulwa inaliti emzimbeni, kuyanceda ukufumana ulwazi malunga nemeko amathambo yesigulana. Imisebe yi izixhobo kukukhanya-sensitive esisigxina ukunika imifanekiso ngqo ne site zaphuka ezinzileyo. izinga radioactivity lincinane kakhulu kwaye ngeke esingenakubangela naliphi na umonakalo umntu.