MLRS BM-30 "anezandi": iimpawu, iifoto

Ukususela Second World War, ixabiso kwinkqubo ngodaka lovukelo kwandisa kuphela. Noko ke, namhlanje ke indawo izidubuli iinkqubo ivolibholi-mlilo (MLRS), kodwa intsingiselo yale hlobo isixhobo aliguqukanga, "ulima" kwimimandla utshaba okuhlala, kungasali ithuba ukuze siqhelane hayi elihamba, okanye izixhobo enzima. NeBM-30 "anezandi" nale misebenzi ingaphatha kakuhle.

ulwazi olusisiseko

Yenzelwe iqela elide-sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi iithagethi yotshaba. ekujoliswe Yontoni le nkqubo ababhacayo kwaye afihla amandla ephilileyo yotshaba, vehicles kunye soft-olukhanyayo izithuthi (kuquka iintlobo ezininzi eziqatha lamatanki), zokuchopha,, iinkqubo zefula enomjukujelwa yomkhosi emkhosini. Ingasetyenziswa ngenxa ekujoliswe ekutshatyalalisweni kweziseko mveliso, etshabalalisa amaziko umyalelo kunye namanye amaziko ezibalulekileyo zonxibelelwano.

design

Kweli thuba ukususela 1969 ukuya 1976 e Tula komsebenzi olunzulu ekufumaneni iindlela ezintsha ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezininzi lomphehlelelo irula, eyayiza kuba kwimeko ezinkulu-scale lemfazwe kusetyenziswa izixhobo amandla reserve ekhethekileyo. Kwawiswa leyo yayalela kwasekuqalekeni kwendalo BM-30 "Smerch", baphume ngoDisemba 1976.

Indima ephambili kuphuhliso babeke kuqala kwi A. N. Ganicheve, waza ke waya G. A. Denezhkinu. Sele ekuqaleni 1982, i MRL omtsha sele udlule ngempumelelo zonke izigaba iimvavanyo karhulumente. Noko ke, oko kwabalelwa kwinkonzo kuphela ngo-1987, emva kokuba ukuphelisa iqela nabaqambi ezithile iziphene ezisisiseko. Kodwa abazange ezinxulumene ezithile ezingachanekanga kunye neziphene kuyilo iindidi ezintsha yezixhobo, kunye nemfuneko ukwenza iintlobo ezintsha emthethweni, njengoko swatches ezikhoyo yokuzithenga ayifani "Isaqhwithi" ukunyuka ukulwa ngamandla.

Inkqubo yovukelo isizukulwana esitsha

Umsebenzi lwenziwa kweli tyala likhulu kangangokuba BM-30 "anezandi" bangathunyelwa isizukulwana esitsha kolu hlobo kwezixhobo. Oku kubangelwa ubukhulu becala ekuyilweni iindidi ezintsha ngokupheleleyo emthethweni. Apha kufuneka senze kuphambuko okungephi. Xa amaMelika wadala MLRS MLRS, bafika kwisigqibo engagungqiyo ukuba uluhlu 30-40 km kwezi mixokomelwano kwelona ngaphaya apho ubukhulu kubi of nokusasazeka yenza usebenziso lwabo ngamampunge.

Kodwa developers "Inkanyamba" kunye ndlela akwenziwanga ngokuncamisayo tu. Bakwazi ukwenza oonokrwece ekhethekileyo ngokwenene; banganeli aphaphazele aye kumgama umda, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ziyahluka amazinga ukusasaza encinane kangangokuba elunge ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ezifana amazwe baye amaxesha amabini okanye amathathu. Ekugqibeleni, impumelelo enkulu Tula yaba kukuba Amaqokobhe lwethu lokuqala baqalisa ukuba singaweli Cannon uhlengahlengiso zokudubula emva ngokusesikweni.

iimpawu sabaleka

Inyaniso yokuba inkqubo eyodwa isikhokelo inertial iye yafakwa kuyilo zabo. Inika Ukuzinziswa ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwi kwenxalenye yokuqala isikhokelo, ngokunjalo ekulungiseni isindululo irula. Apho izalathisi libalwa ngokusekelwe kwamashumi imiba, kuquka i "injini" ubushushu, isantya somoya nendlela intshukumo, ukufuma, njalo-njalo. D.

MLRS imijukujelwa okanye

Kuyinto ezisitheleyo ngexesha kwamangeno N. S. Hruscheva, abo babandezeleka "raketomaniey" waya phantsi imela iisampulu ezininzi nathembisayo howitzers kunye nezinye iintlobo kunaso zokudubula, nto leyo iminyaka emininzi iye lwanciphisa uphuhliso lolu shishino kweli lizwe lethu. Ukuba kwiimeko ezinjalo, "atyhale" indalo BM-30 "Smerch" yayo, kubabhekisi phambili be Tula kwafuneka walala kuyo ezinjalo iimpawu ezaziza kubavumela ukuba ukweyisela abalawuli abaphezulu yenkqubo ekhethekileyo. Kuphela kule meko kufuneka ithuba bamkelwe inkonzo.

Kodwa kutheni sibamba kulo mba nobuntu Khrushchev, ukuba uthe wamshiya igunya ngowe-1964? Isibakala sokuba umsebenzi ekudalweni kweenkqubo ngokwesiseko entsha lomlilo ivolibholi kwenzeka ukususela 50 ubudala, kodwa kwafuneka ukuba niwenze, phantse ngaphandle ngokubeka bakhokele midlalo. Noko ke, ngo-1964, Khrushchev wemka, kunye L. I. Brezhnev zokudalwa ubugcisa obutsha ayizange iphazamise. Kodwa intuthuko banikwa ifuthe leyo eye kakuhle kakhulu.

MRL BM-30 "anezandi" enoluhlu kunye "knockdown", oko kukuthi ebekwe kwenye embindini phakathi kweenkqubo imvula lovukelo zakudala kunye neenkqubo ngezikhali. Eneneni, okokuqala kwi ukulwa umsebenzi "Smerch" kucanyagushwe na unit enomjukujelwa engqina intlonipho kubo ukwamkela amagosa aphezulu zomkhosi USSR.

nesimo sangoku

Inguqulelo entsha zaphuculwa ye MLRS BM-30 "anezandi" yapapashwa ngo-1989. Namhlanje le ndlela lufakwa kwi inkonzo, hayi nje kuphela kweli lizwe lethu. Ezi iisampulu avela Ukraine, Belarus, Kuwait kunye UAE. Ngokwemveli, umdla moto babebonisa abameli Indiya kunye neTshayina, kodwa akukho iinkcukacha ezisemthethweni ekuthengisweni kwezixhobo okanye nobuchwepheshe ziko yayo akakho. Noko ke, oku ngaphandle yokuba iisampuli mihla MRL China, sifunda gqitha "Smerch", phantse ngokuqinisekileyo kwakhiwa umfanekiso kunye emilise ezo iimatshini ukuba Chinese kwi 90 ngokunzima athengwa efanayo Ukraine.

le nkqubo

Abantu abaninzi ngandlel bakholelwa ukuba yinxalenye izindululi ngexabiso multiple BM-30 "Smerch" kubekelelwe kuphela iimoto kunye esigcinelwe projectiles wamqalisa, nto leyo zidla ngokuvela zikwixesha iindaba esemthethweni kunye namafoto. Kodwa akunjalo;

• Lo mhlaba ngokwayo ekulweni umatshini 9K58.
• Machine kokuthutha nokuhambisa 9T234-2 lukhule.
• Kwemijikelo emthethweni, leyo zinokwahluka kakhulu nga ngokuxhomekeke msebenzi.
• izixhobo ezibonwayo kunye nezixhobo zoqeqesho.
• 9F819 kwikhithi, nto leyo ibandakanya zombini izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ukuba kutywinwe iintanda, yaye iindlela ukunyenyisa izixhobo ophezulu-ngqo.
• automated inkqubo yolawulo lomlilo "Wethu, sikhuphele-1."
• Machine zokuyenza loo ngesimo kwendawo, iziphumo ezisetyenziswa ukubophelela iinxalenye uncedo kwaye ingakumbi isiqabu obalaseleyo.
• Radiopelengatsionnaya ufakelo 1B44. Oku kuvumela ixesha qondile kwangaphambili utshaba, ukulungisa olwenziwe erediyo, kubandakanywa ngokufihlisa.

umndululi okupheleleyo iqulathe isisu semoto kunye imilo tubular kwaye akhokelele ekuqhubekekeni elimi isithuthi MAZ-543. inkqubo zokudubula into elapha ngasemva kunye endlwaneni ngaphambili kubekwe umqhubi kunye neqela lezihlalo, exhobele, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ithetha ukuba ejolise edubula. MRL zingasetyenziswa ngempumelelo ezahlukeneyo iimeko zemozulu kunye nemozulu, kwiqondo lobushushu kokugquma ukusuka +50 ukuya -50 degrees Celsius.

Ukulwa iimpawu yenkqubo

Ingaba i BM-30 "Isaqhwithi" badubula uluhlu xa usebenzisa yona? Yonke into isalamane, kwaye iimpawu ezimangalisayo le nkqubo - ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, ukuba edume "Grad" inokuzigubungela ummandla weehektare-4 kunye umgama we-20 km, "iNkanyamba" ngobambana kumgama-35 km kwindawo 29 eehektare, i-American MLRS utshisa ukuba iihektare 33 kwi km 33 kumgama ... ukuba BM-30 " Smerch ", iimpawu yokusebenza apho kumnandi, kukugubungela leehekthare nje 67, kunye uluhlu ukuphehlelelwa iikhilomitha ukuya ku-70!

Kuvakala ukuba ukulungiswa yakutshanje kungandisa umgama ukuya kwikhulu leekhilomitha. Ukongeza, ngokuchaseneyo i classical "Grad" imijukujelwa yale nkqubo ayikwazi kuphela ukukhubaza utshaba izithuthi vehicles, mihle nemivumbo kubabulali neqela lakhe. Nje kuyaphula nkqu kwamatanki enzima kwi contact kufutshane ngenxa amandla enkulu yingozi. Ngoko ke rocket ezininzi izindululi BM-30 "anezandi" - isoyikisa izixhobo elikhulu etshabalalisayo.

Iimpawu wasebenzisa sabaleka

Xa kusehla emehlweni yokuqala ukuya undoqo ukuvuleka kwayo - mm 300! IMbonakalo - ashukimisayo standard, zizomelezi amafutha eqinileyo, lisebenza ngomxube zinamacandelwana aliqela. Njengokuba besesitshilo, osemqoka lwabo lokwahlula kuba phambi kwenkqubo yolawulo moya ukuba ukutshintsha inowuthi "Kozlenev" kule khosi. Le ezintsha kuphucula ukuchana edubule ubuncinane kabini imigama ephezulu, kwaye ubukhulu kwiintsali nokuba kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu ayidluli ngexabiso 0,21% uluhlu badubula.

Ngamafutshane, kwanaxa zokudubula kumgama 70 km, kweqokobhe kuwa unxaxho engekho ngaphezulu kwama-150 ukusuka oko kufunwa ngumbumbi. La manani na "Smerch" iinkqubo zokudubula barreled mihla eqhelekileyo BM 30 9K58!

Ukulungiswa kwekhosi flight

Ukulungiswa ikhutshwa phandle yokujika gas-olutshintshatshintshayo actuated igesi ukunyuka koxinzelelo ukusuka ekwinqwelo gas generator. Ukongeza, Ukuzinziswa projectile zibhabha kubangelwa ujikelezo yayo malunga esqwini longitudinal enikiweyo promotion yethutyana ngexesha intshukumo yesikhokelo tubular kwaye baxhaswe ibhabha ngokufaka iincakuba drop somfanekiso kwi-engile ukuya esqwini longitudinal le projectile.

Ukudalwa emthethweni standard

Ezi ndidi zilandelayo amaqokobhe ukuze ziqukwe ukwakhiwa iimbumbulu:

• 9M55F, uhlobo kakhulu eziqhelekileyo. Warhead - bar detachable kunye uhlobo eliphezulu-onokudubula amanyathelo.
• 9M55K. warhead cassette Lubonakala, equlethe iimveliso ngokucandeka 72 ilungu ibetha.
• 9M55K1. Kwakhona unalo warhead cassette, kodwa lo mzekelo iqulethe oonokrwece ezintlanu ezincinane kunye self-zokukhomba.
• 9M55K4. Cassette warhead iqulethe ezine kwimigodi anti-itanki, eyenzelwe iindawo imigodi ekude.
• 9M55K5. nekhasethi nge iwindow ophetheyo submunitions warhead ubé;
• 9M55S nge warhead thermobaric;
• 9M528 kunye HE-ubé warhead.

beqhumisa

Uyakwazi adubule kuqhume esinye okanye kukhule. Zonke amaqokobhe ingakhutshwa imizuzwana 38. Okanye ukuqaliswa zingalawulwa kwi-moya okanye kude. Malunga ngamandla isicwangciso wathi ubuncinane into yokuba iiyunithi ezintathu ezifana ukulwa impumelelo ayikho ngaphantsi le mijukujelwa ezimbini "Tochka-U". Enye imvula ngokupheleleyo imijukujelwa kunye ezase cluster yayikhathula ixesha ukuya ku 400 000 macala onke. M. Ngokufutshane, i BM-30 "Smerch", nto leyo eye ifoto kweli nqaku - ngokwenene na izixhobo ezinamandla, ithuba eza kudala intlonelo ngokunyanisekileyo.

Ubunzima lilonke projectile nganye, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo yayo, ngu-800 kg, kwaye kanye warhead kufuneka 280 kg. angle Standard yokusondela ekujoliswe - ukusuka degrees-30 ukusa kwezingama-60, kodwa ezinye iintlobo lwezinto zingacwangciswa kwi imo yekona ungene degrees 90. "Ayevela" Loo isikrweqe oluvuzayo enzima nge.

Nokuba kwii ayikho kwantinga 280 kg neziqhushumbisi kummandla itanki - ukufa ethile ukusuka contusion kakhulu oogxa bakhe, yaye imoto ziya kufumana umonakalo ezinjalo ngaphandle ekulungiseni nkqu indawo zingagexagexi. Ngenxa oku, PM-30 "anezandi" okanye MRL "Isaqhwithi" (ezifanayo namhlanje) zingasetyenziswa njengendlela ukuyeka iintsika itanki ezisendleleni. Kwenzeka into efanayo eGeorgia ngo-2008, xa "Grad" yahlanganisa iqela lamatanki Georgian ukuba atyhudise, abheke kwizikhundla-mkhosi zethu.

Ukuze ufumane ulwazi malunga nokuphuculwa

Njengokuba besesitshilo, lo Ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo lwaqhutywa ngo-1989. Ekuhambeni kuyo kwathiwa indawo yokukhangela phantse yonke electronic and radio 'ezizalisa "yonke complex:

• Wongeza amathuba-high speed exchange data Committe nekomkhulu kunye namanye amaqela "Smerch", ulwazi ibhalwe ngokufihlisa kwaye ikhuselwe ngokungqongqo ukusuka ukuphazamiseka ngaphandle.
• inkqubo izimele ebotshelelwe iimpawu nezobhalo le ndawo kunye nokubonisa ulwazi zemiboniso ngekhompyutha kwi-time.
• izibalo oluzenzekelayo lomsebenzi kusatyiwe, igalelo layo.
• Ukukwazi ukulungiselela ufakelo ngokupheleleyo yokudubula, kuquka basiwe kwezinye iindawo kunye ejolise, ngaphandle kokuba ziphume abasebenzi ndlwana.

Ngenxa ezintsha kutshanje BM-30 "Smerch", iimpawu esixoxe, iye inkqubo lokuzimela ngakumbi nezinzima. Ukususela ngoku, i gunners bakwazi ukunika imvula kwaye kurhoxa ngoko nangoko kwiindawo zazo zokuqala, nto leyo kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba ucupho kunye nokupheliswa ufakelo yotshaba.