"Pinocchio," "The yenkanyamba," "anezandi," "Typhoon": inkqubo imvula. Inkcazelo kunye neempawu

Ngenxa ukungqubana ngokuqhubeka iindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi screens TV kwavezwa rhoqo iingxelo iindaba isemsini ethile. Kwaye rhoqo weva iingxelo eyothusayo zokulwa, ngexesha apho ngenkuthalo ibandakanya iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezininzi sungula irula (MLRS). Umntu xa kungekho ndlela amanyeneyo kunye nomkhosi okanye emkhosini, kunzima ukukhangela iintlobo ngeentlobo zonke iintlobo izixhobo zomkhosi, sinjalo nathi kweli nqaku mayichaze ngokunzulu umntu oqhelekileyo endaweni yokubutha malunga oomatshini zokufa, ezifana:

• inkqubo ognemotnaya esindayo esisekweni itanki (CBT) - inkqubo irula sungula ezininzi "Pinocchio" (asetyenziswe kunqabile, kodwa isixhobo olusebenzayo kakhulu).
• Iinkqubo yokuqalisa irula Multiple (MLRS) "Grad" - ngokubanzi nezixhobo zokubulala abantu abaninzi.
• Wethu kwaye siphucule "dade" MLRS "Grad" - izidubuli iinkqubo ivolibholi-mlilo (MLRS) "Isaqhwithi-G" (apho eendaba kunye abemi abaqhelekileyo kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba "Typhoon" yosebenziso isisu semoto ukulwa isithuthi weloli, "Typhoon").
• inkqubo yokuqalisa irula Multiple (MLRS) "yenkanyamba" - isixhobo esinamandla kunye oyi elikhulu inyathelo, kusetyenziselwa embetha phantse nayiphi na injongo.
• Ayinazo analogue ehlabathini, unique, ibangela uloyiko kwaye isicelo sentshabalalo lilonke inkqubo ezininzi sungula irula (MLRS) "anezandi."

"Pinocchio" ukusuka nentsomi embi

In kude kangako 1971, kwi-USSR, ezo njineli ze "Design Bureau of Transport Machinery", ibekwe eOmsk, nelinye isemagqabini amandla omkhosi. Yaba inkqubo ognemotnaya onzima lomlilo ivolibholi "Pinocchio" (TOSZO). Indalo kunye nokuphuculwa esilandelayo sale ognemotnogo esimbaxa igcinwe kwafunyaniswa ukuba "imfihlelo phezulu". Development yathatha iminyaka eli-9, kwaye ngo-1980 kwinkqubo yokulwa, nto leyo uhlobo ngaxeshanye amatanki T-72 kunye launcher kunye neembaleki-24, ekugqibeleni yavunywa kwaye zisiwe omkhosi ka Soviet Army.

"Pinocchio": application

TOSZO "Pinocchio" lisetyenziswa xa umlilo umonakalo omkhulu:

• izixhobo imbangi (ngaphandle transport);
• izakhiwo ezinemigangatho kunye nezinye iiprojekthi zokwakha;
• lwezisekelo zokhuseleko ezahlukeneyo;
• wezabasebenzi.

MRL (TOC) "Pinocchio": Inkcazo

Njengoko iinkqubo irula sungula ezininzi "Grad" yaye "Uragan" TOSZO "Pinocchio" lalisetyenziswa yokuqala Afghanistan kunye imfazwe Chechen yesibini. Ngokutsho idatha ka-2014, oomatshini imfazwe enjalo kufuneka imikhosi yamajoni of Russia, Iraq, Kazakhstan kunye Azerbaijan.

inkqubo ezininzi yokuqalisa rocket, "Pinocchio" neneempawu:

• Weight CBT uluhlu olupheleleyo yokulwa imalunga 46 neetoni.
• Ubude "Pinocchio" - 6,86 m, ububanzi - 3,46 m, ukuphakama - 2.6 yeemitha.
• amaqokobhe ukuvuleka yi-220 mm (22 cm).
• Isebenziselwa ukudubula imijukujelwa okutyekisayo, ongayi kuba nako ukulawulwa emva kokuba zikhutshwa.
• ukudubula Uninzi Umgama - 13.6 km.
• Ummandla ubuninzi yokwenzakala emva kokwenza ivolibholi - 4 hectares.
• Inani iintlawulo kunye kaloliwe - pieces-24.
• Abalibona ivolibholi isebenze elorini ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yolawulo lomlilo ezizodwa equka laser uluhlu njengevyufayinda kunye emehlweni, sensor incwadi esongwayo, kunye nekhompyutha wokuhlolwa.
• Amaqokobhe ukuba zizalise ROSZO emva kokuchitha Ungqabhuko eyenziwa yi zothutho ezibiza (TRV) oomatshini 9T234-2 ongumzekelo crane kunye isixhobo umlayishi.
• Baleka "Pinocchio" Abantu 3.

Njengoko kubonakala kwiimpawu, omnye ivolibholi kuphela "Pinocchio" uyakwazi ukuguqula iihektare-4 wesihogo elidangazela umlilo. amandla isimanga, akunjalo na?

Kwemvula e ngohlobo "Inqaba"

Ngowe-1960, i-yedwa ye-USSR ekuveliseni izindululi ngexabiso ezininzi kunye nezinye izixhobo yentshabalalo yabantu NGO "ingxubevange" iqale omnye iprojekthi efihlakeleyo, waza waqalisa ukuba entsha ngokupheleleyo ngelo xesha phantsi igama MLRS "Grad". Izilungiso sathatha iminyaka emi-3, kwaye eSoviet Army wangena MRL ngo-1963, kodwa akazange wayeka ukuphucula kuyo, kwaqhubeka de-1988.

"Grad": application

Njengoko MLRS "Isichotho" izindululi ngexabiso ezininzi "Grad" lubonise kumlo nemiphumo emihle kangangokuba, nakuba "ukwaluphala" kwakhe, uqhubeka kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi namhlanje. "Castle" isetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto nefuthe omhle kakhulu:

• amabhetri zokudubula;
• nasiphi na isixhobo emkhosini, kubandakanywa vehicles;
• wezabasebenzi;
• izithuba umyalelo;
• izibonelelo zomkhosi noshishino;
• Iinkqubo Anti-moya.

Ukongeza semkhosini Russian Federation, indlela izidubuli ivolibholi lomlilo "Grad" liye inkonzo phantse onke amazwe ehlabathi, kuquka phantse onke amazwekazi zomhlaba. Inani omkhulu yokulwa iimoto olu hlobo kwi-US, Hungary, Sudan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Vietnam, Bulgaria, eJamani, iYiputa, India, Kazakhstan, Iran, Cuba, Yemen. iinkqubo Volley-mlilo Ukraine ziqulathe iiyunithi 90 of "Castle".

MLRS "Grad": Inkcazo

Iinkqubo irula sungula Multiple "Grad" neneempawu zilandelayo:

• Ubunzima iyonke MLRS "Grad" emfazweni kunye ukompletovannoy zonke projectiles - iitoni 13.7.
• Ubude MRL - 7.35 yeemitha, ububanzi - 2.4 yeemitha, ukuphakama - 3.09 m.
• amaqokobhe ukuvuleka yi 122 eemilimitha (kancinane ngaphezu kwe-12 cm).
• Isebenziselwa ukudubula imijukujelwa bodidi olusisiseko 122 mm, kwakunye eziyingozi xa kuthe kwakho imbabala projectiles ezinokugqabhuka, imichiza, sigade kunye umsi warhead.
• Ukudubula MLRS ibanga "Grad" - ukusuka km-4 ukuya 42.
• Ummandla ubuninzi yokwenzakala emva kokwenza ivolibholi - 14.5 hectares.
• Inani iintlawulo kunye kaloliwe - pieces 40.
• Enye imvula kuthatha imizuzwana 20 kuphela.
• intlawulo Full transfer MRL "Grad" ithatha malunga 7 imizuzu.
• Inkqubo lovukelo ukwimo ezifakwe yi ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-3.5.
• Ukutshaja i MRL kunokwenzeka kuphela ukusetyenziswa koomatshini zothutho Ukuwisa.
• Le emehlweni iqaphelwa esebenzisa panorama gun.
• Baleka "Castle" Abantu 3.

"Grad" - inkqubo izindululi rocket ezininzi, iimpawu apho ngexesha yethu awona manqaku aphezulu kwi emkhosini. Kuba lonke ixesha lokubakho zaso ezisetyenziswa emfazweni Afghan, kwimilo phakathi Azerbaijan kunye Nagorno-Karabakh, kwiimfazwe ezimbini Chechen, ngexesha lemfazwe e Libya, South Ossetia neSiriya, kwakunye kwimfazwe yamakhaya kwi Donbass (Ukraine), kwavuka ngo-2014 nyaka.

Isilumkiso! Usondela "Inkanyamba"

"Isaqhwithi-G" (njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, i MRL maxa wambi ebizwa ngempazamo "Typhoon", ngoko ukuze kube lula, nanga amagama amabini) - inkqubo ye ivolibholi lomlilo, nto leyo uguqulelo maxesha ye MLRS "Grad". Ngomhla indalo le gqith enamandla ukusebenza iinjineli uyilo izityalo "Fusion". "Development yaqala ngo-1990 kwaye lathatha iminyaka esibhozo. Kuba okokuqala ithuba namandla yenkqubo lovukelo wabonisa ngo-1998 phezu komhlaba yoqeqesho kufuphi Orenburg, emva koko kwagqitywa ekubeni ngakumbi ekuphuculeni MRL. ukwenzela ukufumana iziphumo zokugqibela, abaphuhlisi ziye zaphucuka "Inkanyamba-G" ( "Typhoon") kule minyaka mi-5 izayo. inkqubo Volley-mlilo kuye kwabalelwa iingalo Russian Federation ngo-2013 ngeli thuba kwexesha, lo m ukulwa Imoto kuphela kwinkonzo kunye Russian "Isaqhwithi-G" ( "Typhoon") -. Inkqubo imvula, nto leyo wahlukile naphi na.

"Isaqhwithi": application

MLRS isetyenziswa edabini ukuba yaphule iinjongo ezifana:

• zokudubula;
• zonke iintlobo zezixhobo kotshaba;
• izibonelelo zomkhosi noshishino;
• izakhiwo moya.

MLRS "Isaqhwithi-G" ( "Typhoon"): Inkcazo

"Isaqhwithi-G" ( "Typhoon") - inkqubo izindululi rocket ezininzi, nto leyo ngenxa nomthamo bya emthethweni, uluhlu elide ngakumbi kwaye eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi kwindlela isikhokelo yesathelayithi sele igqithile ekuthiwa "dade omdala" yayo - MLRS "Grad" - amaxesha 3.

iimpawu:

• Weight MRL in iseti epheleleyo yi tons 15.1.
• Ubude 'Inkanyamba-T "- 7.35 yeemitha, ububanzi - 2.4 yeemitha, ukuphakama - iimitha ezi-3.
• amaqokobhe ukuvuleka na omise 122 (12.2 cm).
• MLRS "Isaqhwithi-G" kubantu bonke kuloo nto, ngaphandle amaqokobhe ezisisiseko MLRS "Grad", ungasebenzisa isizukulwana esitsha emthethweni ne yokulwa detachable iziqalelo eziqokelelanayo, ezele kwakusitsho iziqalelo cluster, kwakunye amaqokobhe eliphezulu-Uyadubula.
• Range landscape shot phantsi kweemeko elilungileyo ngu kweekhilomitha ezili-100.
• Le ndawo maximum yatshatyalaliswa emva kokwenza ivolibholi enye - 14.5 hectares.
• Inani iintlawulo kunye kaloliwe - pieces 40.
• Le emehlweni lwenziwa ngendlela actuators eziliqela hydraulic.
• Enye imvula eyenziwa imizuzwana 20.
• Umatshini Ukufa ilungele ukusebenza imizuzu 6.
• Beqhumisa lwenziwa ngokugqitha unit ekude (DU) kunye automated ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yolawulo lomlilo ine-moya.
• Crew - 2 abantu.

Neengcwangu "Hurricane"

Njengoko yenzeka uninzi MRL, ibali "iNkanyamba" waqala eSoviet Union, ingakumbi, ngo-1957. "Ootata" MLRS "Isichotho" baba Ganichev Alexander Nikitivich kunye Kalachnikov kaYuri Nikolaevich. Ngaphezu koko, lo wokuqala sungula inkqubo ngokwayo, kwaye eyesibini liphuhlise ngumatshini wokulwa.

"Hurricane": application

MLRS "Hurricane" ilungiselelwe ukuba ayichithe iinjongo ezifana:

• amabhetri zokudubula;
• nasiphi na isixhobo utshaba, kubandakanywa vehicles;
• amandla ophilileyo;
• zonke iintlobo iziza zokwakha;
• Iinkqubo anti-moya imizili;
• izikhali okulwa.

MLRS "Hurricane": Inkcazo

Okokuqala ngqa, "iNkanyamba" lalisetyenziswa emfazweni Afghanistan. Kuthiwa ukuba Mujahideen ukuba uloyiko amarhe okuba MRL kwaye wamnika igama elisisiqhulo eyoyikekayo - "Shaitan-pipe".

Ukongeza, inkqubo ezininzi sungula rocket, "iNkanyamba", iimpawu ezibangela amajoni ahloniphe, batyelela na ukungqubana kwemihla eMzantsi Afrika. Yiloo nto kwilizwekazi zomkhosi spodviglo Afrika ukwenza uphuhliso kule MLRS.

Okwangoku le MRL kukuba kwinkonzo kumazwe afana: eRashiya, eUkraine, Afghanistan, Czech Republic, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Belarus, Poland, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Yemen, Kyrgyzstan, Guinea, eSiriya, Tajikistan, Eritrea, Slovakia.

izindululi irula multiple "Isichotho" neneempawu:

• MRL Weight zilayishwe ngokupheleleyo kunye nokulungela - kweetoni 20.
• Ubude i "kweNkanyamba" - 9,63 m, ububanzi - 2.8 yeemitha, ukuphakama - 3.225 eemitha.
• amaqokobhe ukuvuleka yi-220 mm (22 cm). Ungasebenzisa amaqokobhe nge warhead eliphezulu-onokudubula monolithic, ezinamacandelo eziphakamileyo neziqhushumbisi kunye anti-itanki kunye anti-personnel emigodini.
• Adubula uluhlu leekhilomitha 8-35.
• Le ndawo sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi liphezulu emva kokwenza ivolibholi - 29 eehektare.
• Inani iintlawulo kunye kaloliwe - iziqwenga 16 ngokwakho Bakhokelindini zikwazi ukujikeleza degrees 240.
• Enye imvula kwenziwa kwimizuzwana eyi-30.
• MLRS uyazihlaziya Full "Isichotho" ithatha malunga 15 imizuzu.
• Ukulwa Umatshini iya adubula isikhundla kwimizuzu nje 3.
• Ukutshaja i MRL kunokwenzeka kuphela xa kunxityelelwana TK-ngomatshini.
• Ukudubula kwenziwa mhlawumbi ngokusebenzisa i remote control esiphathekayo okanye ngqo kwi-moya.
• Eli qela labantu 6.

Njengoko ngokunjalo izindululi ngexabiso multiple "Smerch", "iNkanyamba" osebenza kuyo nayiphi bume zomkhosi, kwakunye kwimeko xa omnye umdlali isebenzisa enyukliya, bacteriological okanye izixhobo zeekhemikhali. Ukongeza, isakhiwo unako ukusebenza nangaliphi na ixesha, nokuba ixesha kunye namaqondo obushushu ukuhla. "Hurricane" bakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokufanelekileyo ukulwa zombini esibandayo (40 ° C), kwaye xa kokwenza ubushushu (+ 50 ° C). I indawo MLRS "Isichotho" ayikwazanga kusiwa elwandle, emoyeni okanye kaloliwe.

"Smerch" Yingozi

izindululi irula multiple "Smerch", iimpawu zazo ngaphezu kwayo yonke MRL ezikhoyo kweli hlabathi, yasungulwa ngo-1986 kwaye ufake kwi inkonzo imikhosi yamajoni USSR ngo-1989. Xa oku kufa umatshini enamandla kule mini akukho analogue nangayiphi na amazwe ehlabathini.

"Isaqhwithi": application

Le MRL isetyenziswa kunqabile, ikakhulu ngenxa ukufa iyonke:

• zokudubula iibhetri zonke iintlobo;
• ngokupheleleyo naziphi na izixhobo umkhosi;
• wezabasebenzi;
• amaziko zonxibelelwano kunye nezithuba umyalelo;
• iiprojekthi zokwakha, kuquka emkhosini noshishino;
• izakhiwo lokugcina.

MLRS "Smerch": Inkcazo

MLRS "Smerch" ifumaneka semkhosini eRashiya, eUkraine, UAE, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Turkmenistan, Georgia, Algeria, Venezuela, Peru, China, Georgia, Kuwait.

izindululi irula multiple "Smerch" neneempawu:

• Weight MRL awonakalanga yaye kwimeko zilwe - iitoni 43,7.
• Ubude i "Inkanyamba" - 12.1 m, ububanzi - 3,05 m, ukuphakama - 3,59 yeemitha.
• amaqokobhe ukuvuleka ayiphucukanga - ngemilimitha 300.
• Isebenziselwa adubula zeqela imijukujelwa unit yolawulo oluhlangeneyo kunye injini eyongezelelekileyo ukutshintsha ulwalathiso isigxina umgomo. Injongo amaqokobhe inokuba nomahluko: ukusuka ukuqhekeka ukuya lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo.
• Distance beqhumisa MLRS "anezandi" - ukusuka iikhilomitha ezingama-20 ukuya kwezili-120.
• Ummandla ubuninzi yokwenzakala emva kokwenza ivolibholi - 67.2 hectares.
• Inani iintlawulo kunye kaloliwe - ziziqwenga ezili-12.
• Enye imvula eyenziwa imizuzwana 38.
• Full ingafakelwa MRL "anezandi" oonokrwece ithatha malunga nemizuzu engama-20.
• Ukuphelisa zobuqhawe "Smerch" ilungele ubuninzi imizuzu-3.
• Indawo yoBuyiselo-MRL kuphela xa wadibana ne-TK-ngomatshini zixhotyiswe nge-crane kunye isixhobo Ukuvuya womserbia.
• Eli qela labantu-3.

MLRS "anezandi" - oku sesona sixhobo ogqibeleleyo nempukane ukuba ungasebenza phantse naziphi na iimeko ubushushu, imini nobusuku. Ukongeza, ezi edubula MLRS "Smerch", ukuwa nkqo, ngaloo lula ngokwaphula kophahla kunye nezithuthi vehicles. Ukubaleka ukusuka 'Smerch "phantse akunakwenzeka, MLRS ukutsha alitshabalalise yonke into oyi yayo yesenzo. Kakade ke, oku akuthethi ngamandla ukuqhushumba enyukliya, kodwa lowo ngubani ophethe "Isaqhwithi", uphethe ihlabathi.

Ingcamango 'uxolo lwehlabathi "- ukuba liphupha. Kwaye okoko nje kukho MRL, alinakuzuzwa ...