Imijukujelwa Cruise, eRashiya ne US

Uphuhliso yamajoni kunye nobugcisa kwesithuba ngamahlanu kwaba kakhulu ukuya ekusekweni izixhobo enjalo enokuba yingozi nohlobo qhinga. amava Noko ke, uluntu elingathathwanga ndizuze kuphuhliso uhlobo olulodwa emthethweni, edibanisa iimpawu moya imijukujelwa. Baye ebekwe kwi ezaqala izidubuli ulwelo okanye injini eziqinileyo, kodwa ukusebenzisa phakamisa moya owayesakuba ilementi kuyilo jikelele. Yaba mijukujelwa iza. Russia (ngoko ke USSR), abazange ibalulekile njengoko enjalo kodwa sele umsebenzi wenziwe ngazo. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, kuye yimpumelelo. iisampuli aliqela olu hlobo isixhobo sele isixhobo okanye kungekudala uza kuthabatha indawo yawo phakathi kwezintlu yomali bahlaseli ezinokwenzeka. Balala kukoyika ukuba nizityhafise ngokupheleleyo umnqweno lokuhlasela ilizwe lethu.

"Tomahawk" kunye ukuqhushumba neutron - nawo zajika

Kwi yee- Ngasekupheleni ubuxoki eSoviet waphulaphula omkhulu iindidi ezintsha ezimbini izixhobo yaseMelika. Ezabo neutron, leyo esongela i ntlanu "bonke abantu ngokuqhubekayo", ngokweempawu kwabo ekumbulaleni ukuba akhuphisane kuphela "Tomahawk". Ezi amaqokobhe selachian kunye moya ezimfutshane ubhityile bakwazi ukuba sneak phezu kwiithagethi kummandla eSoviet siyathandaza, bazifihla zokukhangela kwi bevala, iibhedi umlambo kunye nezinye misinga endalo kolu qweqwe lomhlaba. Kuyinto mnandi kakhulu ukuba sengozini yabo, yaye abemi Soviet zaye ezimbi kukuba ama impiriyali amaqhophololo Ndiphinde uphuhliso yelizwe Socialism kumjikelo omtsha iingalo uhlanga, kwaye isizathu sokuba yaba mijukujelwa iza. IRussia into ukuphendula isisongelo. abanye Kuphela nabantu abanolwazi kakhulu ukuba eneneni, into efanayo sele yaphuhliswa eSoviet Union, yaye izinto ezimbi kangaka.

ngezembe american

Kwase zonke imijukujelwa iza mihla kuchazwe German moya-iqokobhe V-1 (V-1). Ngokwangaphandle, kufane American "Tomahawk", wadala engamashumi amane kamva:-moya efanayo ngqo kunye fuselage emxinwa, kulula ukuba primitiveness ngal. Kodwa kukho umahluko, kwaye kakhulu ngakumbi. Nezikhali, waphumelela isihloko IsiNgesi Cruise Missile, - ayikho nje enomjukujelwa mayixhotyiswe iphiko, yinto ngakumbi. Le lula lwangaphandle efihla icebo entsonkothileyo kakhulu zobugcisa, le nto iphambili yazo a super-fast ikhompyutha, nangoko ukuthatha isigqibo ukutshintsha ikhondo nokuphakama, ukuze bawaphephe kunye imiqobo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba somnikelo iyenzeka kakhulu ngeqondo elaneleyo ukuba athobele eminye imiqathango ngumothuko, - isantya kwentlawulo nokusiwa kwawo target. Kwaye ke kubalulekile ukusebenza kakuhle 'amehlo' le "ookrebe". Radar shelwe impumlo le projectile, wabona yonke imiqobo kunye wegqitha ulwazi malunga ingqondo yabo elektroniki, nto leyo lacazulula isiqabu waza wabanika nemiqondiso yolawulo impondo (abasuke, beziya, ailerons, njalo njalo.). Full babheke enomjukujelwa supersonic baseMerika abazange bayifumane: kwi kolawulo ngokunciphisa "Tomahawk" iza kuphela inxalenye yokugqibela yale ndlela, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuthintela ukuba yingozi namhlanje, ingakumbi ngokuphathelele amazwe abangenazo iinkqubo zokhuselo umoya kunye imizili egqibeleleyo.

X-90 Soviet

Akwaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo into eyabangela urhulumente waseSoviet ukunika isalathiso ekuqalekeni Korea yophuhliso. Mhlawumbi ingqondo ingxelo malunga ekuqaleni American uphando kule ndawo, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba ingcamango, leyo wavuka ezinzulwini ngamaziko ophando mfihlelo abanomdla umntu evela kwiSebe lezoKhuselo. Kunjalo, ngowe-1976 umsebenzi waqalisa, kunye nomhla iye yabekelwa lincinane - iminyaka emithandathu. Zisuka nje, nabayili zethu ndahamba ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunoogxa babo US. Isantya Subsonic abazange kumlukuhla. Rocket bekufanele ukuba soyise yonke imida ukukhusela utshaba enokubakho kwi indawo iphakeme ultra-phantsi. Kwaye ngesantya supersonic. AMAGQABAZA ▸ okuqala zimelwe ekupheleni kweminyaka leyo wabonisa iimvavanyo yepholigoni iziphumo ezigqwesileyo (ukuya ku-3 M). indawo Secret ngokuqhubekayo kuphuculwe, kwaye kule minyaka ilishumi ezayo andizele ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu sesiqhelo zone ephilileyo. Ngowe-1997 kuphela, uluntu ehlabathini iye yakwazi ukubona lo mqondiso technology kwi maks mboniso Research Hall neMveliso Association "Rainbow". Modern imijukujelwa iza Russian ngabo iindlalifa ngqo eSoviet Kh-90. izixhobo Nkqu igama uya kusindiswa, kodwa wathi unenzondelelo iinguqu ezininzi. Isiqalelo wenqwelwana ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuqaliswa kwale rocket bekumele ukuba wenziwe Tu-160, i ekuhlaseleni enkulu qhinga ikwazi ukuthwala Bay iibhombu kwi emthethweni wayo imitha-12 kunye iinqwelomoya ukusonga. Le yenethiwekhi uhlala okufanayo.

"Koala"

Modern imijukujelwa iza Russian X-90 "Koala" lakhanya kwaye elifutshane kunokhokho yayo: ubude balo na ngaphantsi kweemitha 9. Kwaziwa ngayo kancinci, ubukhulu becala into yokuba ubukho yawo (ngaphandle kokubeka iinkcukacha) exhalabisayo kunye kwinwebu namaqabane ethu yaseMelika. Isizathu yaba ukoyika ukunyuka lomqolo projectile (3500 km), nto leyo ngokusesikweni iphula ngokoMthetho INF iSivumelwano (esiPhakathi-uluhlu). Kodwa oko woyika eUnited States, kunye nento yokuba ezi imijukujelwa iza qhinga (njengoko zibizwa, nangona kolwandle, abakwazi ukweyiswa) kukwazi ukuba 'zizame "yonke inkqubo yokhuselo imida enomjukujelwa ukuba eUnited States bafudukela ngobunono kodwa ngcembe ukuya imida Russian.

Le ndlela sele wafumana "NATO" ukutyunjwa yayo: Koala AS-X-21. Sikubiza ngendlela eyahlukileyo, moya angala hypersonic zovavanyo (Gael).

Umgaqo jikelele yesenzo wayo kukuba, eshiya matheku ibhombu ye-Tu-160 nomphakamo kweekhilomitha ezili-7 ukuya ku-20, yena elungi- amaphiko nesisila Delta, uze usebenzise namafutha ibalekisa projectile ukuba supersonic, ize ke emveni koko ukuphehlelelwa injini engundoqo. Izinga Ukuhla ngeniso ukuya ku-5 M, kunye Gael yakhe Lisuka nje le njongo, nto leyo esele kuthathelwe ingqalelo kutshabalala. ngenelela Korea oku phantse akunakwenzeka.

"Uranus", aselwandle kunye eyama

izikhali Anti-nqanawa kwaye kaninzi yokulwa. indlela yabo, njengoko umgaqo, efana kwikhosi yokulwa kunoogxa ezisentlabathini. Uphuhliso yezi zixhobo eSoviet Union ndandishumayela ofisi yoyilo "Inkwenkwezi". Ngowe-1984, umyili oyintloko G. I. Hohlovu yanikwa ekudaleni yindlela ezintsonkothileyo yokulwa utshaba kumphezulu yomkhosi wamanzi iinjongo ukubana ukuya ku amawaka amahlanu tonnes (okt omncinane) kwiimeko zokumelana esebenzayo elektroniki kunye neemeko ezintsonkothileyo zemozulu. Isiphumo iinzame qembu i X-35 "Uranus", ngokutsho iimpawu zawo, oko kalukhuni, ekwafanekisa le parameters of the American Korea "Harpoon" kwaye zingasetyenziswa imo imvula. Amaqondo yi-120 km soyiswa. Esi sakhiwo kufakwa inkqubo bhaqwa, ukuchonga kunye nesikhokelo, elasekwa nje kuphela lupwa kumacandelo ophandonzulu Navy, kodwa abathwali emoyeni (ntaka Ka-27, Ka-28, MIG-29, Su-24, Su-30, Su-35, tu-142, Yak-141 kunye nabanye), elisuke kakhulu izakhono le sixhobo. Ukuqalisa lwenziwa iyenzeka ultra-phantsi (200 m), imijukujelwa anti-inqanawa le hlobo zenziwa ngesantya kwama 1,000 km / h phezu amaza phantse (ukususela-5 ukuya kwi-10 m, kanti ke ingxenye yokugcina isikhokelo aze ubeke ukuze eziimitha ezintathu). Ngenxa imilinganiso elincinane le projectile (4 m ubude, 40 cm), oko kuthathwa ukuba alukhawulele kube yingxaki kakhulu.

"Amakhulu X"

Emva zokuzikhusela umoya, zombini eSoviet kunye American, kufikelelwe kuphuhliso lwezakhono phezulu, phezu iimbumbulu isicelo svobodnopadayuschih ishiywe phantse onke amazwe. Ukufumaneka ekuhlaseleni ezilungileyo ezisemgangathweni, ethembekileyo kwaye enamandla qhinga kwenza iinkokeli zomkhosi ukuba bafune ukusetyenziswa kubo, kwaye kwafunyaniswa. Kwi-US B-52, yaye eSoviet Union Tu-95 baqalisa kusetyenziswa eziphaphazelayo izindululi ngezikhali. Ekupheleni koo-abathwali eziphambili emthethweni Russian iintlawulo yamacebo qhinga, zisiwe moya ekujoliswe ngaphandle kokuwela imida sokuzithethelela, intsimbi X-101. Ngaxeshanye kunye nawo aphuhliswe phantse ngokupheleleyo uyilo ziyafana, ekwaziyo ukuthwala zikhali. Zombini i-CD igqalwa ngoku, ukuba ukwazi iimpawu intsebenzo yabo wabeka kuphela inani eliqingqiweyo labantu. Siyazi kuphela ukuba imodeli entsha wenkonzo efunyenweyo, loo iyahluka okwandileyo ukulwa radius (ngaphezu kwe amawaka amahlanu km) kunye ukuchaneka lahluleka eyothusayo (ngeemitha ukuya ku-10). Warhead X-101 abe ukuqhekezwa Akunakuba eliphezulu-neziqhushumbisi, kwaye yeyona ibalulekileyo kukuba oku kuye. spetszaryada zenethiwekhi kuba ichane: amandla dubulo kwamashumi kilotons iimitha ezimbalwa ukuya ekunene okanye ekhohlo Musa ukudlala indima enkulu. Kuba X-102 (a yenethiwekhi yenyukliya) kubaluleke ngaphezu komgama.

"Ezinamaphiko" qhinga

Zonke izinto, kubandakanywa iindidi kwezixhobo inokubonwa kuphela nomba yokuthelekisa. Kukho iimfundiso zokhuselo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ngexesha xa amanye amazwe nifuna lulongamo ngokupheleleyo ehlabathini, ngoxa abanye nje bafuna ukuba bazikhusele proclivities kunokwenzeka ndlongondlongo. Ukuba uthelekisa imijukujelwa imikhumbi, eRashiya ne-United States, kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba parameters zobugcisa kwezixhobo American musa ukudlula izakhono azinakuze zabo. Omabini amacala ukubheja kwi ukwanda ukulwa radius, nto leyo ethatha ngokuthe ngcembe i-CD ukusuka kudidi ngamaqhinga, abanike ngakumbi nangakumbi 'yesicwangciso-qhinga. " Lo mbono ukuba abe nako ukusombulula ukungaboni politiko ngokufaka lugwayimbo ngesiquphe yaye destructional, hayi kutyelelo lokuqala kwentloko iinjengele ntlanu - Kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula izicwangciso ukuhlasela kwamaziko ezinkulu mveliso kunye nabammeli yiSoviet, ziphuhliswe novalo emva kwexesha, kunye namashumi omahlanu yokuqala, ngoko nangoko emva kokuvela inani elaneleyo US zikhali.

AGM-158B uluhlu eyandisiweyo, USA

Ukuvela kweentlobo ezintsha kwezixhobo baseUnited States kwisiganeko esibalulekileyo yesizwe. Abahlawuli berhafu Kuluvuyo ukwazi ukuba imali ehlawulwa ngabo lwabiwo-mali, urhulumente uye waba esinye isiqinisekiso US ukukhonya lwehlabathi. Zokukala elibusayo ukunyuka iqela, abavoti Kwabavuyela. Ngoko ke ngo-2014, xa i-US imikhosi qhinga ziye zafunyanwa entsha Korea AGM-158B indize, wadala phantsi inkqubo ukuziphendulela le Joint Air msinya ijamelene Missile Extended Range, olufinyeziweyo JASSM-ER, nto leyo ethetha ukuba le mveliso senzelwe ukuba bambethe kumphezulu womhlaba kwaye uluhlu elide kwezicelo. Luphawu ngokubanzi isixhobo esitsha, ukugweba data upapashwe, xa kungekho ndlela njengabongamileyo X-102. Range AGM-158B moya iqulethe engacacanga, kuluhlu olubanzi - ukusuka 350 ukuya 980 km, nto leyo ethetha ukuxhomekeka bayo ubunzima warhead. Kungenzeka, embindini yokwenene intlawulo yenyukliya kuyo iyafana naleyo i X-102, oko kukuthi 3500 km. Russia kunye US imijukujelwa iza unamalunga ngesantya esifanayo, ubunzima kunye nomlinganiselo. Thetha noludumileyo uzobe olwenziwe American akuyomfuneko kuba okuchaneka ngcono, kuyinyaniso, njengoko sele sibonile, oku kubaluleke kakhulu logwayimbo enyukliya, futhi engazange.

Okunye Korea eRashiya ne US

X-101 kunye X--102 - akufani imijukujelwa iza kuphela arsenal Russian. Ngaphandle kwabo qwa kunye nezinye iisampula nebhere zixhotyiswe Pulsejet njengoko 16 X 10 HN (de namava), anti-KS-1, iDAC 2, iDAC 5, xa kuthe kwakho imbabala kunye warhead eziphakamileyo edubulayo wajula okanye oskolochno- okanye imisebenzi nuclear Uyadubula. Unakho ukukhumbula le mihla ngakumbi Korea X-20, X-22 kunye X-55, nto leyo eyaba kwase lwe X-101. Kwaye ke kukho "Iintubi," "Mosquito", "neametiste", "malachite", "abangelwe", "Granite", "Onyx", "Yakhont" kunye nabanye abameli "ilitye" series. Ezi izikhali iza eRashiya iminyaka emininzi akwinkonzo ne-Air Force and Navy, kunye noluntu sazi ngawo lukhulu, kodwa aninjalo nonke.

AmaMelika Kwakhona sizukulwana ezimbalwa imijukujelwa iza ngaphambi kwe-AGM-158B. Oku ngamacebo "matador» MGM-1, "Shark» SSM-A-3 "Yinja elingesi» AGM-28, wakhankanya "harpoon", "Quick Hawk" iziseko jikelele. Musa ukunikezela eUnited States yaye ukusuka omthembileyo "Tomahawk", kodwa usebenza kwi-X-51 ethembisayo, ukukwazi ukubhabha ngesantya hypersonic.

Kwamanye amazwe

Nkqu nakumazwe ezikude, apho malunga abahlalutyi zomkhosi uyakwazi ukuthetha kuphela kwiincwadi zamabali, inkalo ezingenzeka lwe Russian okanye American ingozi emkhosini, iinjineli kunye oosonzululwazi lisebenze ukuphuhlisa imijukujelwa yayo iza lakhe. Akukho amava elungileyo kakhulu ukulwa kulawulo Falkland Islands, Argentina zokuba yokwaba imali zobunjineli "Taba AM-1." Pakistan "Hatf Baber-VII 'esebenzisekayo evela Ufakelo emhlabeni, iinqanawa ngwenya, isiphathele ngesantya subsonic (malunga nama-900 km / h) kunye noluhlu km ukuya ku-700. Wada kubonelelwa, ukongeza eqhelekileyo warhead, nuclear. E China, iintlobo ezintathu yavelisa Korea (YJ-62, YJ-82, YJ-83). ETaiwan idibana "Syunfenom 2E". Umsebenzi oqhubekayo, maxa wambi yimpumelelo kakhulu kumazwe aseYurophu (eJamani, eSweden, France), kwakunye kwi-UK, injongo yayo ukuba ingagqithi imijukujelwa imikhumbi, eRashiya okanye eUnited States, yaye ukuze ufumane isixhobo olusebenzayo ngokwemikhosi yabo. Ukudala izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo eliphezulu-zobugcisa loo kubiza kakhulu, yaye impumelelo phambili kule nkalo zifumaneka kuphela ukubangisana.