Memory: Ulwahlulo kunye neentlobo memory

Imemori a inkqubo engqondweni equka yokubethelela, wokulondoloza ukuzala koko lolwazi. Ngenxa kule misebenzi inikwe yi ekulondolozweni amava oluntu.

zophando ngezembali

Isifundo sokuqala benkumbulo yaqala kumaxesha amandulo zanxulunyaniswa inkqubo yokufunda. E Greece yamandulo, umzekelo, kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo ukucinga ukuba ulwazi ufumana intloko yomntu ngokohlobo kwamasuntswana izinto ezithile, eshiya umkhondo kumbandela ethambileyo lobuchopho, njengodongwe nolundwendwe.

Kamva, umbhali womzekelo "hydraulic" e-nervous system, Descartes ngokuqulunqa ingcamango yokuba ukusetyenziswa rhoqo luvo efanayo (iityhubhu ezibuhlazarha, ngokutsho Descartes) yehlise ukuxhathisa intshukumo "imimoya isilwanyana 'zazo (ngenxa yokwanda). Oku kukhokelela ekumisweni ukuwakhumbula.

In imi--80. 19 H. Ebbinghaus inika indlela yaso ukufunda imithetho memory ekuthiwa enyulu. Ukwamkelwa ukuba ukucengceleza amagama ububhanxa. Ekugqibeleni baba ezigoso ngentloko, ngokunjalo iindlela ezithile kwindlela yesenzo oMbutho. Ngokomzekelo, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ingakumbi kukhunjulwa ngokuqinileyo iziganeko eziye zenza nomvakalelo womoya onamandla kuloo mntu. Ezo nkcukacha igcinwa ngoko nangoko kwaye umphelo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ngaphantsi kubalulekile ukuba iinkcukacha zabantu (nokuba bathe zintsonkothe kakhulu ngokubhekiselele umxholo) kwimemori, njengoko umthetho, nje zigcinwe ixesha elide. Ngenxa yoko, H. Ebbinghaus okokuqala ekufundweni kukhunjulwa indlela zovavanyo.

Ekuqaleni phambili kwinkulungwane ye-19 ngenkqubo-nkumbulo uzama ukutolika yi isivumelwano kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo zoomatshini, ezifana mobile phone, tape recorder, yekhompuyutha, kunye nabanye. Ukuba zoba isifaniso kunye ubugcisa bale mihla, kukho kunjalo yokuhlelwa kwinkumbulo yekhomputha.

Xa isikolo yenzululwazi mihla izifaniso zebhayoloji asetyenziswe uhlahlelo ezisebenza ukuwakhumbula. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iindidi memory kunganxulunyaniswa isiseko beemolekyuli of: ulwazi inkqubo imprinting lukhatshwa kukwanda kokuqulathwe luvo zobuchopho asidi acid.

ngezigaba memory

Psychology isekelwe ezi khrayitheriya zilandelayo ngokumalunga nokwabiwa kweentlobo ze memory:

1. uhlobo yokwanda umsebenzi ngengqondo:

• injini,
• emise,
• ngokweemvakalelo,
• logic ngomlomo.

2. Uhlobo iinjongo:

• ngendlela engaqondakaliyo,
• vukele.

3. Ixesha ngezixhobo ukulungiswa / ugcino:

• elifutshane,
• ixesha elide,
• zokusebenza.

4. Sebenzisa imithombo mnemotechnical:

• ngqo,
• ngemigudu.

Uhlobo yokwanda umsebenzi ngengqondo kwimisebenzi

Nangona zonke iintlobo inkumbulo ehambisana nalo iingongoma, musa zodwa geqe kwaye basebenzisane ngokusondeleyo omnye nomnye, Blonsky watyhila ezichaphazela ezithile zohlobo ngalunye:

• Motor (motor) memory. Ukuhlelwa memory kule meko ngqo ngakumbi ubukho bezinto omnye okanye nezinye iintshukumo. Umzekelo, oku hlobo kubalulekile ukuba ukuyilwa kwezakhono eziluncedo kunye nomsebenzi motor (ukuhamba, ukubaleka, ukubhala, njl njl). Kungenjalo, xa ukuphunyezwa isenzo motor singe saba lonke ixesha ukuphuhlisa kwakhona. Ngenxa yoko kukho njenge isakhono ethile data ziyingxenye resistant (umz, omnye wethu indlela yokubhala ngesandla ingalo ukutya ngenxa umbuliso, indlela yokusebenzisa izixhobo njl) kunye ezililize (kuchazwe iintshukumo aphambuke ngokuxhomekeke imeko).
• imemori ezimile. imemori yokugcina kudidi ejoliswe kwi qela kutshintshwe ahamba phambili (ezibonwayo, ezikhalayo, ukuqgiba, gustatory, nezihlwabisayo). Ulwazi ziqondeka phambi, emva kokusekwa memory umfanekiso udlalwa sele ngokohlobo izimvo. iipropati ezithile nemifanekiso aliphelelanga kwaye awucaci nokungathembani. Ngako oko, umfanekiso ngokutsha kwimemori nga kakhulu kwahluka yokuqala yayo.
• imemori yomqondo. Ebonakalisa kwinkqubo ukukhumbula luvelise iimvakalelo. Kubaluleke kakhulu kumsebenzi ngentloko yomntu, ngokuba neemvakalelo ngokuyintloko umqondiso imo iintswelo zethu kunye nomdla, ulwalamano esinalo nehlabathi ngaphandle. Iimvakalelo ezifunyanwa kuthi kwixa elidlulileyo kwaye ilungiswe kwimemori, ngoko ukwenza kuthi abakhuthazi / antipobuditeley izenzo ezithile. Kulo mzekelo, njengokuba ifomu odlulileyo, iimvakalelo, oveliswe kwimemori ukuba eyahlukileyo eziphathekayo ukusuka yokuqala yayo yoqobo (ngokuxhomekeke kutshintshwe uhlobo, umxholo kunye ukunyanzela amava ethile).
• imemori ngamazwi neqondakalayo. Ejoliswe ukukhumbula iingcinga ngamnye (ukucinga ukufunda le ncwadi, umxholo incoko kunye nabahlobo bakho, kunye nabanye.). Ngelo xesha, umsebenzi ingcamango akunakwenzeka ngaphandle inxaxheba iifom yeelwimi - kungoko igama: inkumbulo ngomlomo kunye nengqondo. Ngoko Classification memory luquka zenyathi ezimbini: xa kuyimfuneko ukukhumbula kuphela intsingiselo ngaphandle enomfanekiso ngqo ehamba ngamazwi; xa kuyimfuneko njengendlela yokoqobo ngomlomo iingcinga ezithile.

Indlela emi ngayo iinjongo

• imemori ngokungenasizathu. Ehamba inxaxheba lo myolelo inkqubo yokukhumbula, ukuqiniswa nokukotshwa inkcazelo ethile.
• imemori ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukugeleza iindlela eziphambili memory udlula ngaphandle kokuzimisela, ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngelo xesha linye amandla ukukhumbula inkumbulo ngokuzenzekelayo kunokuba zombini amandla kunye, kwelinye icala, engenasizathu izinzile.

Ubude entengo / containments

Main Ukuhlelwa memory kholisa ziquka ixesha njengekhrayitheriya.

• imemori zexesha elifutshane. Igcina ulwazi emva kokupheliswa umbono wayo (isenzo phezu amalungu ingqiqo zenkuthazo efanelekileyo) imizuzwana malunga 25-30.
• imemori Long-term. Yeyona ikwimo lubalaseleyo okugcina umntu yenzelwe ukugcina ulwazi ixesha elide. Ngaphezu koko, olu lwazi lusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngumntu.
• RAM. Mayifakwe ulwazi oluthile ngaphakathi izisombululo ehambelana umsebenzi yangoku. Enyanisweni, le ngxaki kwaye imisela ingakumbi RAM kwimeko elinikiweyo. Ukuhlelwa memory kwakhona lu dityanisiwe ngexesha njengekhrayitheriya. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko ingxaki ukuba isonjululwe ngexesha yokugcina ulwazi memory ingahluka imizuzwana embalwa ukuya iintsuku eziliqela.

Ukusebenzisa imali mnemotechnical

• imemori ngqo. Ukuhlelwa memory kule meko ikhutshwa phandle ukusuka imbono lobukho / ukungabikho izixhobo ezithile ancedisayo transceiver. Xa inkqubo nokucengceleza ngqo luyenziwa baqonda ngqo iziphumo imizimba ebambekayo iimvakalelo ngamnye.
• imemori ngemigudu. It usebenzisa izixhobo ngamnye ezizodwa kunye nobuchule kwinkqubo yokugcina kunye nezinto zande.

Ngenxa yoko, phakathi ngokwayo kunye nolwazi yoshicilelo link yayo ezongezelelweyo ezisetyenziswa kwinkumbulo. Njengoko ezi iiyunithi enza amanqaku ezizodwa, amaqhina, cribs, njl