Ocean yangoku - yintoni na le nto? Oonobangela imisinga yolwandle

Ocean yangoku - ayempompoza ubunzima amanzi, nto leyo ihamba ukuphinda ethile rhoqo. Bonga Lubonakala iipropati physico-iikhemikhali kunye neendawo ezithile ngeendawo. Kubanda okanye ashushu, kuxhomekeke kubulungu zifaka. stream nganye luphawulwa ngokwanda mninzi kunye noxinzelelo. Kulinganiswa flow mass wamanzi Sverdrup, ngokwengqiqo ebanzi - ngokwemiqathango units umthamo.

imihlobo imisinga

amanzi becala cyclically ngqo luphawulwa neempawu ezifana uzinzo, isantya, ubunzulu nobubanzi, iimpawu imichiza echaphazela amandla, njl Ukususela ulwahlulohlulo ngamazwe, kukho iindidi ezintathu kwemali ..:

1. Gradient. Suk 'xa sisiva uxinzelelo hydrostatic phezu zikhabane kwamanzi isobaric. Gradient wolwandle - yinto umlambo apho luphawulwa ukushenxiswa tye amanzi kumphezulu isopotential. Ngokutsho nezalathisi sokuqala, bahlukene kwi Ingxinano, uxinzelelo, impahla, imbuyekezo kunye seiche. Ngenxa yale imisinga yogutyulo kunye ehlele kwasekwa linabantu umkhenkce.

2. Umoya. Ukumisela kwithambeka komphakamo wolwandle, namandla komoya ukuhla mass mninzi. It is a zenyathi begcina wolwandle. Le ukuhamba kwamanzi okubangelwa kuphela ngezenzo ngumoya. Eguquguqukayo phantsi kuphela kumphezulu echibini.

3. yezizwe. Wabonakaliswa kakhulu emanzini nzulu, amachweba kunye nonxweme. Uhlobo eyahlukileyo i inertia yangoku. Oku kubangelwa sisenzo imikhosi eziliqela. Ngomhla Ukwahluka bentshukumo bahlule esisigxina, ngamaxesha athile, zemvula kunye nemisinga zorhwebo-umoya. Le yokugqibela ezimbini zigqitywa ulwalathiso nokukhawulezisa lixesha.

Oonobangela imisinga yolwandle

Okwangoku, lokuhamba kwamanzi amanzi ehlabathini kuqalisa nje ukuba kufundwa ngokweenkcukacha. Ngokubanzi, iinkcukacha ezithile yaziwa kuphela phezu komhlaba kunye kufuphi komphandle kwemisinga. Eyona kuyekela ephambili kukuba Oceanographic System akanayo imida ecacileyo kwaye siyahamba rhoqo. It is a womnatha entsonkothileyo lokuhamba ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni imichiza.

Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba kuthi ga ngoku ezi izinto zilandelayo zaziwa imisinga yolwandle;

1. Igalelo cosmic. Esi umdla kakhulu umngeni ngexesha elifanayo ukufunda inkqubo. Kulo mzekelo, ngexesha njengokujikeleza Umhlaba kubangelwa, ifuthe emoyeni kunye nenkqubo ezinamanzi umhlaba ngayo imizimba yesiqalo, njl A Umzekelo umxhelo - .. tide.

2. Ifuthe umoya. Ukubolekisa Amanzi kuxhomekeke amandla kunye nezikhokelo zezulu mass. Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, uyakwazi ukuthetha malunga kwemisinga enzonzobila.

3. Umahluko phakathi bengebaninzanga. Imilambo kwakheka ngenxa obungalinganiyo etyuwa kunye lobushushu kwabo amanzi.

imiphumela esesibhakabhakeni

Xa amanzi ehlabathini olu hlobo kwempembelelo ibangwa xi izihlwele owahlukeneyo. Okuhamba nale mgaqweni isithuba imijelo yamanzi elwandle namachibi ezincinane tshintsho kuphela indlela, kodwa ngamandla. Oku oqaphelekayo ingakumbi Ezilwandle nasemanzini ezingxingongweni. Umzekelo okuphawuleka Gulf Stream. Ekuqaleni umsebenzi wakhe, yena luphawulwa ngesantya esiphezulu. Gulf Stream e Florida kwiStraits ibalekisa zombini libi kunye tailwind. Le nto yenza uxinzelelo wovandlakanyo kwi kweemaleko sokuhlambela, nazisasaza emfuleni. Ngenxa yoko, kwixesha elithile ixesha kukho kuphuma enkulu kunye ekungeneni kwabo isixa esikhulu samanzi. I ebuthathaka yengcinezelo umoya phezu amanzi ephakeme.

Xa inqanaba lamanzi buyehla, ecaleni uba ezincinane Florida Strait. Ngenxa yokuba le Velocity budget lincipha kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, oko kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba ubunzima obungakumbi kunciphisa ukuhamba amandla.

Ukuboniswa kwezinto umoya

Unxibelelwano phakathi nomoya kunye namanzi Ukuba namandla, kwaye ngexesha elinye elula ukuba kunzima ukuba uqaphele ngeliso lenyama. elide sele kudlule oomatiloshe bakwazi ukubala i yolwandle efanelekileyo. Oku kwenziwe imibulelo ukuba umsebenzi ISAZINZULU B. Franklin ye-Gulf Stream, imvelaphi yayo elandwa kwinkulungwane ye-18. Emva kwamashumi eliqela Alexander von Humboldt wachaza oko kuluhlu lwe ngumoya sokubambela phezu kwabo amanzi engundoqo imikhosi nendaba. Ukusuka kwindawo yemathematika ngembono e-worldwork theory ukungqinisiseka Tsepprits yemvelo ngo-1878. Kungqineke ukuba elwandle oqhubekayo transfer umphezulu inwebu amanzi kumanqanaba ezinzulu. Kulo mzekelo, anefuthe ukuhanjiswa amandla iba kamnandi. Le Velocity flow kule meko ngokomlinganiselo nokuncipha kubunzulu. Icacisa imeko ejikeleza rhoqo amanzi lixesha lee elide yesenzo nomoya. Ngaphandle kwemali kuphela ingqalelo zorhwebo-umoya lomoya, obe ubaqhiphukisa intshukumo inginginya kwamanzi elwandle band sentshinyela lixesha.

umahluko mninzi

Impembelelo yalo mba phezu kwegazi amanzi ngoyena imisinga elwandle. izifundo ezinkulu-isikali thiyori ezi hambo Challenger ngamazwe. Kamva, umsebenzi izazinzulu ziye kuqinisekiswa yi yemvelo aseScandinavia.

Ukungafani loxinano mass amanzi sisiphumo yeemeko ezininzi. Baye zisoloko zikho kwindalo, ngokubonelela inkqubo eqhubekayo ezinamanzi ze-mhlaba. Nakuphi na ukutenxa Iziphumo ubushushu kwamanzi ngendlela utshintsho mninzi yayo. Kulo mzekelo, kukho kusoloko kukho lobudlelwano. Ukuba uphakamile lo ubushushu, inowuthi mninzi.

Kwakhona, umahluko iimpawu zomzimba echaphazela imeko leempawu amanzi. Qhwa okanye uwase kwandisa lexinene, imvula - iyenza. Ichaphazela inqaba zangoku etyuwa of kwabo amanzi. Kuxhomekeke ukunyibilika komkhenkce, imvula kunye uwase amanqanaba. Ngokwemiqathango lexinene iilwandle kakhulu olungalinganiyo. Oku kusebenza komhlaba kwaye izaleko zinzulu kwindawo yamanzi.

Le nemisinga the Pacific Ocean

Iskim jikelele lokungena ixhomekeke lokuhamba emoyeni. Ngoko ke, umoya yorhwebo empumalanga kunegalelo ukuyilwa kwekhosi North. Unqumle amanzi Philippine Islands ukuya kunxweme Central America. Kuye iingalo ezimbini ukondla ichibi kunye Indonesian sentshinyela ulwandle yangoku Pacific Ocean. E Northern saseNtla, ummandla wamanzi kwemali inkulu ke Kuroshio, Alaska kunye California Current. Zokuqala ezimbini - ezishushu. Lo mfula wesithathu olwandle abandayo yangoku Pacific. Swimming pool ngohlobo ikhweyitha kumazantsi Australian kunye Equatorial Current. Nje kwimpuma amanzi ziko kukho Equatorial impembelelo efihlakeleyo. Kufuphi nonxweme Umzantsi Melika, kukho isebe qa Peruvian.

Ebudeni ihlobo kufuphi neikhweyitha izenzo wolwandle El juanita. It utyhala abandayo amanzi ubunzima flow Peruvian ezenza imozulu intle.

I-Indian Ocean nemisinga yayo

Inxalenye esemantla isitya luphawulwa utshintsho ngamaxesha athile imisinga kweshushu. dynamics rhoqo ukusebenza okunjalo yi elingenazo kwegazi. Ebusika evelele zantsi ekhoyo evela kwi Bay of Bengal. A ezantsi kancinane i West. Le wolwandle iwela amanzi Indian Ocean kufuphi nonxweme Afrika ukuya Nicobar Islands.

Ehlotyeni, zemvula ufaka utshintsho kakhulu emanzini kumphezulu. Equatorial miso ishenxiselwe ubunzulu baza uphelelwa kakhulu namandla alo. Ngenxa yoko, indawo yakhe ethatyathwa enamandla abangamaSomali nefudumeleyo ngoku eMadagascar.

Ukubolekisa i-Arctic Ocean

Esona sizathu siphambili kuphuhliso kwamanzi kuloo ndawo iilwandle kukho wokufika olomeleleyo kwabo amanzi asuka kwindawo Atlantic. Inyaniso ukuba i-ice kwiinkulungwane ubudala kuthintela emoyeni nemizimba cosmic nefuthe kwegazi lwangaphakathi. Eyona ndima ibaluleke kakhulu ye-Arctic Ocean ithathwa iNorth Atlantic. It ithengiseka imiqulu emikhulu izihlwele zifudumeleyo, ukungavumeli ubushushu amanzi ukuhla ukuya izalathi ezibalulekileyo.

Zokwalathisa ice yokhukuliseko unoxanduva kwelentshona ye-Arctic. Phakathi kwezinye imisinga kakhulu ezinkulu ziyakwazi ukuchongeka Yamal, Spitsbergen, Nortkapskoe kunye nemisinga Norwegian, kwakunye nesebe le-Gulf Stream.

Le nemisinga Atlantic isitya

Amanzi anetyuwa kwamanzi olwandle uphezulu kakhulu. Zoning ejikeleza yamanzi olubuthathaka kakhulu phakathi kwamanye amachibi. Apha, kolwandle yangoku engundoqo - Gulf Stream. Ngenxa kuye, kobushushu parameters zamanzi zigcinwa kwi 17 degrees. Le wolwandle efudumeleyo ye-Atlantic Ocean ufudumala zombini zifaka.

Kubalulekile kwakhona ukuba ingamelana nomthamo ibalulekileyo isitya ezi Canary, eBrazil, Benguela kunye Equatorial Current.