Lokuloba Yintoni iminatha ukuphaphatheka, abagcina-net

lokuloba Driftnet - oku lokuloba, apho drifters yenziwa - ukuloba impahla. Inqanawa uyaqhela phezu imisinga nemimoya, kunye nomxokelelwane elide kakhulu, ebizwa njalo-order yokhukuliseko-net, okanye ezidadayo uthungelwano, ukwenza inkqubo enye. Networks ingaba km ukuya ku-50. Ezi uthungelwano ihamba ukubamba iintlanzi. Imfuno iminatha ukuphaphatheka inzondo ngokunxulumene nemfuneko lwemveliso kweentlobo ezithile zentlanzi ukuba zigcinwe ezimbalwa. Ngale ndlela, ithwalelwe ukuloba tuna, nesalmon kufunxwa, mackerel kunye herring.

inethiwekhi Iimpawu

Drift (okanye elibaleka) inethweki ibonisa wesefu loo ntlanzi hayi ngokumayela uthango, ngoko njengonombombiya asitsala ngamandla, ambathe ningabuyi kuyo ngaphandle indlela yokusinda. uthungelwano buxande eyahlukileyo 10-12 m ubude ne-30 kwadityaniswa zibe umyalelo owodwa ukuphaphatheka, leyo emalisebenze njengesiseko intambo-inkokheli kunye buoys kunye eYafo eemitha ubude ukuxhasa inkqubo kubunzulu elinikiweyo. Sebenzisa driftnets ukuvelisa mveliso evela drifters iintlanzi.

izinto ezisetyenziswayo

gear Catchability kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka izinto kunye ububanzi vulu, ubungakanani iseli, umbala, igqampe emhlabeni imijubo web. Ukuba uke wasebenzisa ngemisonto yemifuno, kuquka umqhaphu, ukususela vulu ephothiweyo, kodwa ngoku basebenzisa ngokuxhaphakileyo eqinile ngakumbi nokuloba catchability iminatha nenayiloni kunye nenayiloni, amilanovye yaye anjengala kwimicu ezenziwe ngabantu.

Bonisa ukusebenza aphezulu iminatha yokuloba monofilament (umtya wokuloba),-ebizwa ngokuba Zhilkova. Inzuzo ephambili ye data iiseyile na elubala sabo. Nditsho emini ngendlela kubambisa eliphezulu kakhulu emanzini ecacileyo, lo gama womnatha kakuhle elipeyintiweyo kwezinye izinto ukuze lali- nentlanzi. Ukongeza, ukuba babe ngqongqo ngaphezu koko ngemisonto ejijekileyo exhasa umnatha ayinakolulwa, ayikuvumeli neminatha ukuba bedidekile yaye yonakaliswe. Nangona nokoma bit nzima ukusebenza kunye nabo kunye nokunyuka, efuna isithuba ezininzi kumgangatho.

iintlobo noshowo kothungelwano

Ngokutsho isakhiwo yayo yokufumana izixhobo inokuba single-Undibiyele kumculo, kabini-enqatyisiweyo okanye trójścienna. Iintlobo ezimbini yokugqibela ibizwa ngokuba 'inkunkuma intambo. " Yeyona network trójścienna lokuloba ezisebenzayo eziquka ezintathu lwemizobo okulawula. Ngaphandle ibekwe krupnoyacheynye ngelaphu ekuthiwa rezhyu (ryazhyu, rezhoy), yaye eliphakathi chastik elincinci (del). Yonke Imisonto bathathu sokutyala imijubo omnye, kodwa chastik linobude olukhulu kwaye ibekwe phakathi maleko zangaphandle kunye sekunjani obukhulu. Watyhutyha ilizwe rezhu, iintlanzi Badidekile Chastikov engena engxoweni net. Kabini wayifu- luqulathe uneetawuli ezimbini kunye iiseli ngobukhulu ezahlukeneyo kwaye zisebenza kwimeko naxa kusaziwa kubuzwa iintlanzi.

Ukuloba aqhele-net amaninzi kusetyenziswa iminatha yokuloba wenayiloni monofilament okanye wenayiloni monofilament. Kwakhona imijubo wathatha nenayiloni. Le trójścienna womnatha kakuhle kakhulu ngempumelelo.

Iintlobo kwemiyalelo yokwakha begcina

Networks bangathungelana kunye ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kukho iindidi eziphambili ezintathu: ilula, kunye inkokeli oluphezulu okanye olusezansti. Xa unxweme ingasetyenziswa imiyalelo elula encinane, kodwa enzonzobileni kufuna uyilo irobust ezongeziweyo, ngoko ukuze neenkokeli kusetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokuthembeka-odolo.

inkqubo elula

Kuba begcina encinane komyalelo maxa wambi ukudibanisa nje uthungelwano eziliqela nangokwahlukeneyo kuthotho phakathi priuhami ezisezantsi neziphezulu. Ngoko ke ufumane umyalelo elula aphile. Lusetyenziswa amachibi kunye neendawo ezingaselunxwemeni, yobugcisa encinane. Amaninzi, kuquka iinethiwekhi 15-20 kuphela, kodwa xa uthatha ngakumbi, lilonke musa ukudlula km 1-1.5.

On snoods isefu buoys eziqhotyoshelwe umyalelo uze ugcine lezimali. Inqanaba olifunayo imiselwe ngokulungisa ubude streamer. inethiwekhi Bottom nzima, ngokubeka umthwalo ukhetho asezantsi. Kumacala omabini komyalelo baye ottugi. isiphelo sabo phambi lukhuselekile nge yokutshixa - intambo, nto leyo iya ngqo naloo nqanawa umva podmayachnym ottugi eqhagamshelwe ekupheleni - intambo zigxunyekwe iinqanawa. Le wefama (okanye isibane pendant, ekhwele phezu isefu kunye siba sibi) ibonisa apho le nkqubo iphela.

Ukuze alungiselele umyalelo onjalo kulula, kodwa ngenxa uthungelwano elide, ingakumbi ukusetyenziswa enzonzobileni, akukho ezifanelekileyo. uthungelwano ingcinezelo ngexesha begcina iphezulu kakhulu, ngoko komyalelo Oku kunokuba ukhipha ukusuka inqanawa okanye iza kutshatyalaliswa.

leader ukuqashwa

Ukuze kakhulu ekunciphiseni ubungozi breakage, babesebenzisa ebizwa ngokuba yi-inkokheli - intambo elingqingqwa, encamathele inkqubo lonke. Fisheries kubandakanya Ukukhwelisana kunye 100-150 iinethiwekhi. Ukuqina ne aqhele izizathu inkokheli oluthembekileyo, hayi iinethiwekhi ngokwabo. Uthungelwano ngamnye iqhotyoshelwe kungekuphela nje omnye komnye, kodwa yinkokeli, nayo leyo iphucula kuyilo.

Inkokeli ngokwakhe unako uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu: yinkokeli, iyeke (yokupaka) isiphelo yoqhagamshelo sitya kunye podmayachny ekupheleni ngenxa yokuphepha iinqanawa. Kubonakala ukuba yinkokeli, elibamba network encamathele sitya. Beka isiphelo yeyona eside kakhulu. ubude bayo nga iimitha ukuya ku 200-500, oko kuxhomekeke kuphela kubunzulu apho singena umyalelo kodwa urhulumente elwandle kunye nomoya namandla.

Xa isampuli lwenziwa network amahlanza yinkokeli. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba imishini i inkqubo yemveliso. Ngaphandle koomatshini ezisetyenziswayo, inkokheli ukulawula imeko-ukhulula ukuba ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kakhulu xa kuyimfuneko.

inkokheli iimpawu

Kuxhomekeka ubuchule lokuloba kunye nohlobo isitya Ukuseta ubude wacela imigca streamer ukuba kube lula ukukhetha abagcina iminatha: inkokeli uyonyulwa yi malgoger, kwaye womnatha kufuneka zifike ndawo icacisiweyo ebhodini, snoods nje kufuneka ukuba unike umgama ofunekayo. On kwiinqanawa ezincinane oko 1.5-2 kuphela mitha, kwaye ukufikelela-10 m.

Ngenxa yokuba le ukuqina inkokheli njengoko umgama ukusuka iinqanawa sitya lifinyele, inkokeli yalo yenza zizonke, ukunciphisa ububanzi intambo. Ukongeza, kunciphisa iindleko le-odolo kwaye yehlise ubunzima myalelo. Kodwa ke loo nto SAG wabonakala ekuyeni ekupheleni network ngenxa kwempixano ephantsi, maxa wambi kuye iinqanawa ongeze i drogue okanye aguqule kancinane i umgama phakathi buoys.

Umyalelo we inkokeli elisezantsi

Kuba umbutho komyalelo kunye ezithile iminatha ukuphaphatheka inkokeli ezantsi wazibandakanya zibe iyunithi enye kwaye nangenxa priuhi ephezulu nesezantsi, kodwa ngaphantsi networks kulo umyalelo yinkokeli. Elidityaniswe kuyo uthungelwano nge snoods vozhakovymi bystrorazvyazyvaemyh iindawo. Lezimali ukuze ugcine buoys ukuba imigca streamer ziqhotyoshelwe amalungu zothungelwano okanye ngaphezulu kukhetho. Ukususela ubude komgca streamer i kuxhomekeke kubunzulu uthungelwano emanzini. ubunzima ezongezelelweyo emazantsi asifuneki, njengoko umthwalo ngokwayo isebenza yinkokeli, ndisolulela womnatha.

Sebenzisa le nkqubo ukuze kubunzulu nzulu, sendela ityathanga 30-40 m. Kulula ukusebenza. Kuba vymetki nocwangco isampuli kufuneka basebenze kuphela imigca zesebe vozhakovymi, akukho inkinga benemizimba.

Inkqubo ne inkokheli ephezulu

Ukuba kuyimfuneko zokuloba kubunzulu ezinkulu usetyenziswa rhoqo ukwenzela kunye inkokheli ephezulu. Kulo mzekelo, udlula phezu network. Snoods isefu iqhotyoshelwe kuyo, ngamanye amaxesha efikelela kubude ngaphezu kwekhulu leemitha. Uhlobene phakathi buoys intambo-isikhokelo ukukhiwa lula. imigca streamer Vozhakovye udityanisiwe kwi phezulu ukhetho okanye uthungelwano priuhami. Ngelo intambo emazantsi kuyimfuneko ukongeza ekulayisheni ngohlobo iintsimbi kwesinyithi.

Sebenza inkqubo esimbaxa ngaphezu usebenzisa ezantsi inkokheli, ekubeni kuyimfuneko ukuba aququzelele ukopisho, kunye nengqalelo olongezelelweyo kufuneka Umqhubi isefu. Noko ke, ukuloba a begcina-umnatha - kuba yimfuneko xa ukuloba anzongonzongo kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo, inkokeli asezantsi bangaze xa isampuli okanye inxeba kwempixano uthungelwano, kodwa hayi esebenzayo. Ukongeza eziluncedo inkokheli ephezulu zifakwe njengoko damping uphakamisa evela buoys, uthungelwano, luniyeke ngakumbi. Zisasuka umncipheko ukungcola displacer kwi ngamaza amakhulu.

Enyanisweni, maxa wambi kusetyenziswa ukuze midwater ukugqiba apho enye okanye ezinye iintlanzi. Kuba oku badla ukudala iintlobo oyintlanganisela odolo.

Kuyingozi evela ekusetyenzisweni driftnets

Kwezinye iindawo, lokuloba usebenzisa iminatha ukuphaphatheka akuvumelekanga. Ngoko ke, musa ukusebenzisa kwawo North Pacific, ukugcina noninzi lwezinto ezinye iintlobo zentlanzi. Lokuloba aqhele-net elikhulu-scale kungavumelekanga yi-UN iNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo amanzi ezivulekileyo kwezilwandle. ukuloba Uphando uvumelekile networks ezinjalo, kodwa eli thuba iye isetyenziswe kakubi. Nangona kungekho okuloba yokhukuliseko-net uvalwe ngokupheleleyo, kodwa sele umise ixesha elifutshane, kunye nezithintelo ethile kule hlobo lokuloba.

Le begcina-iminatha zidla wambamba nezilwanyana zaselwandle kunye neentaka ulwandle, nto leyo ke kufa. Amanani ziyasothusa. Ngenxa yoko, kuphela East Far kwindawo Russian kwezoqoqosho ngenxa sandibulala ngaphezu kwamawaka 100. Birds and 2.5 amawaka. Mammals ngonyaka. Kunye nabantu salmonid ngokwabo ziyancipha.

Enye ingxaki enkulu kukuba isimo sengqondo beentlanzi. Kaninzi geni sockeye - uninzi exabisekileyo salmon, kunye nezinye iintlanzi, kuquka zolutsha sockeye salmon, nezinye iintlobo salmon, nesalmon epinki kunye chuma nesalmon aphoswe nje elwandle. Ezo amanxuwa Asebenzisa zula inani enkulu yeentlanzi, nto leyo lunyhasho lwemimiselo yokuloba.