"Blue Stream" - wegesi phakathi Russia ne Turkey

"Blue Stream" - wegesi, nto leyo esetyenziselwa kubonelela irhasi eRussia kuya eTurkey. Igqitha phantsi kuLwandle Black, oko bypasses namanye amazwe. ukwakhiwa yombhobho iye negalelo kuphuhliso yemarike ezizizembiwa kunye nezibonelelo eTurkey.

ulwazi zembali

Ekupheleni konyaka ka-1997, iintloko Russia kunye Turkey, amazwe asayina isivumelwano kubonelelo igesi. Ngokutsho xwebhu, inkampani "Gazprom" utyikitye isivumelwano nenkampani Turkish "Botas" kwi ukuphunyezwa izinto ngqo irhasi yendalo ukuze eTurkey-mali ka-365 ezigidi m ³ ngonyaka ngamnye nge mome. Ukubonelela le mali kufuneka zilungiswe iminyaka engama-25.

Ngo-1999, inkampani Italian "Eni" yaye "Gazprom" wasayina imemorandam kwintsebenziswano ngokudibeneyo kwaye iprojekthi yokwakha wegesi. Iprojekthi "Blue Stream 'waqala ngasekupheleni 1999, xa iNkampani yaba ebhalisiweyo joint venture Blue Stream lwemibhobho Inkampani BV, leyo ngoku umnini ingxenye offshore. "Gazprom" - umnini-mhlaba.

"Blue Stream '(gas) yakhiwa ngo-Juni ka-2002, phantse 9 iinyanga.

Ukuphehlelelwa wegesi kwenzeka ngo-2003. Iindleko zokwakha kuqikelelwa kwi $ 3.2 yezigidi zezigidi. Kulo nyaka, billion 2 zee-cubic metres yerhasi Russian sindise eTurkey.

Yombhobho gas "Blue Stream 'kwimaphu

Xa siqwalasela indawo yalo mbhobho emephini, ungenza alabe libe zizabelo ezintathu:

• umhlaba Russian;
• elwandle;
• umhlaba Turkish.

"Flow Blue" ikhadi ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi.

Inxalenye Russian yalo mbhobho ubaleka ecaleni ngohlangothi isixeko aseStavropol Izobilnoye. Oku kulandelwa Krasnodar Territory naye. Ukuthandana Women IsiRashiya ukuya kunxweme kuLwandle Black. le yinxalenye ubude wombhobho km 373.

Inxalenye nonxweme uya kwicala ntshona kwisixeko Samsun, kuLwandle Black. Ubude inxalenye elwandle route - 396 km.

Land icandelo Turkish yalo mbhobho - umgama inde (444 km). Isebenza ukusuka kwisixeko Samsun esemzantsi-ntshona Ankara.

iimpawu technical

"Blue Stream" - wegesi, ubude ogama imalunga 1200 km. icandelo Russian yesabelo kwenzeka ezintabeni. Inxalenye nonxweme yalo mbhobho ubuxoki unzulu phantse 2,100 km.

Emazantsi Sea Black kukho umxholo ophezulu emanzini, ke ngoko, ukuze kwakhiwe indawo enjalo kuthathwa ukuba abe ndlongondlongo. Kunzima kakhulu ukuba umsebenzi. Ukuphucula ukuthembeka, uyilo isicelo intsimbi emelana nokudliwa ngumhlwa nokwaleka polymeric ekwenziweni imibhobho. Kuye kwakhona isetyenziswe Faka smart.

Kuba kwakhiwa icandelo Russian zeentaba kwakhiwa imigudu ezizodwa odlulayo phantsi ezintabeni kunye Mare engenagama. Le ubuchwepheshe yasetyenziswa okokuqala eRashiya. ubude nokwe - 3.26 km.

A indima ekhethekileyo ekwakheni ihlawulwa amanyathelo ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, ecaleni kwendlela yalo mbhobho lwaqhutywa ukubangwa komhlaba, yaye uye walondolozwa ihlathi oyidingayo ngexesha ukwakhiwa imigudu phantsi emikhulu.

ukuxhaphaza

Ukuhanjiswa Gas yaqala ngoFebruwari 2003. Phantsi isivumelwano, "Gazprom" kwakufuneka beze kwicala Turkish ngo-2003, 2 billion m ³ kwerhasi yendalo, m-2004 - esele eziibhiliyoni ezi-4 m ^3. Ngo-2010, ke ngoko, umthamo izinto kwafuneka ukuba kwandiswe nomthamo iphezulu mbhobho - 16 billion m ^3.

Enyanisweni, imiqulu ubonelelo engaphantsi ngandlel ngaphezu ocwangcisiweyo:

• 2004 - 3.2 billion m ^3;
• 2005 - 5 billion m ^3;
• 2006 - 7.5 billion m ^3;
• 2007 - 9.5 billion m ^3.

imeko yangoku

Ngokutsho projekthi amandla iphezulu yombhobho - 16 billion cubic metres ngonyaka ngamnye. igesi komthengi, Turkey, ngokufuthi ocela imithamo igesi ehambelanayo umthamo ezisendleleni. Isibakala sokuba Iran uye akusoloko uzalisekisa izibophelelo zalo ukuze enzelelele irhasi ku eTurkey. Kule meko, iya kwi ukuhlangabezana amaqabane ezoshishino ukuze kubuyekezelwe kwavela ukunqongophala yaseRussia "Gazprom". "Blue Stream" lugubungela ixesha kwincopho kwemfuneko igesi eTurkey, ezi zinto zinxulumene coolings onyaka.

amathuba

Okwangoku conduit uye amasebe amabini. Noko ke, kuba phantse-10 iminyaka nje umbuzo mlonyeni ihleli malunga sakhiwo wesithathu. Le projekthi ngokuba "Blue Stream-2". Ekuqaleni bekucingelwa ukuba isebe elitsha iya kwakhelwa kwisithuba ukususela 2010 ukuya 2015. Kunjalo, iprojekthi sele awukaqalisi, oko sisaxhonyiwe.

Kucetywa ukuba irhasi Russian yendalo ziya kusiwa nge eTurkey kumaSirayeli kunye namanye amazwe kuMbindi Mpuma. Le projekthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba iRussia ukusuka kwindawo kwezoqoqosho lwembono, ekubeni unikezelo amafutha kuya kukunceda ukuba athathe isikhundla ephambili imoto entsha. ETurkey nomdla kulwakhiwo wegesi entsha, ekubeni uzakujikelezisa ingeniso evela lothutho izinto ekrwada.

Ukuphunyezwa kwale phulo kuthintela imeko yezopolitiko kule ngingqi njengoko gama amaSirayeli akwenzeki ukufikelela kwisivumelwano kwi yokudlula gas nje emdeni Aram neLebhanon. Ihlabathi busezingxakini kwezoqoqosho, ngoko ke ixabiso eemveliso amandla babulewe ngokukhawuleza. imeko enzima imeko yezopolitiko ekhoyo kuMbindi Mpuma.

"Blue Stream" - wegesi, nto leyo a unique isakhiwo hydraulic. ukwakhiwa kwayo yayibalulekile entsha kwimbali inkqubela zobugcisa. Inxalenye yale nto kubekwe phezu emazantsi kuLwandle Black, unzulu phantse 2 km. Le projekthi yebhongo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqoqosho Russia, ngenxa yokuba Bulelani kuye, kwenza unikezelo irhasi yendalo ukuze amazwe kwingingqi kuMbindi Mpuma.