Ukuchaza isicwangciso sophuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho karhulumente

Xa iimeko zemarike urhulumente kuqinisekisa nokucwangciswa kwezoqoqosho. Kusebenza njengequmrhu unoxanduva lokumisela imithetho nethintela. Akulula xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba inkqubo kwimarike mihla linxulunyaniswa ingxaki yokukhetha phakathi kweenjongo azuzwe nesantya wokuphunyezwa imisebenzi efanelekileyo. Iinkalo eziphambili zenkqubo limisela icebo lophuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho Russian Federation. Cinga amalungiselelo yayo engundoqo.

Overview

Qhinga yophuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho eRashiya yinkqubo lwemisebenzi egxininisa nakusukelo onokulufikelela emva kwexesha elide. Oku kuthatha ingqalelo igalelo bonke abadlali lizwe ekusombululeni ingxaki. Isiseko of yezentlalo noqoqosho yophuhliso wabeka phezulu, ufanelwe ngurhulumente, kodwa kwangaxeshanye usukelo olusengqiqweni. Le nkqubo ijolise kwinguqu Russia ibe igunya onamandla kunye ngobunzulu olufanelekileyo yabasebenzi kunye noshishino phulo, engaguqukiyo, nengqiqo amanyathelo karhulumente.

ukudityaniswa kwezentlalo

Ukuphunyezwa yesicwangciso sophuhliso lwentlalo kunye noqoqosho kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Enye isitshixo sixhasa ukuhlanganiswa yoluntu. Ukuze isebenze le nkqubo ifuna iqela iimeko:

1. Ukukhetha indawo kokuba amathuba wobunye. Kufuneka unike inzame yamxhel'omnye bonke abadlali eluntwini. Ukudala iindlela market-based kufuneka zisekelwe yipropathi semthethweni amaziko.
2. Formation kwenkqubo entsha loluntu. Kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba kulawulwe ukuziphatha kwezi zifundo ukusukela iinjongo zesizwe.

ubutyebi

Ekuphuhliseni isicwangciso sophuhliso lwezentlalo noqoqosho kufuneka ithathele umgangatho ingxelo yobomi. impumelelo Programme iya kuxhomekeka kwi nemiba kwendalo abakumgangatho ophakathi sikarhulumente. lasungulwa ufuna ukwakha imodeli lwabathengi entsha kwi-sikhokelo umgangatho ntle. Yena, ke, kufuneka ziquka inqanaba eliphezulu yokubonelela iimveliso eziluqilima, izindlu ezisemgangathweni, imfundo kunye neenkonzo zempilo. Namhlanje, njengoko-manani zibonisa ukuba 5-7 kuphela% yabantu baseRashiya abahlala kwimigangatho ntle yasentshona. Le umyinge wabantu ogama per capita ingeniso ayiquki iindleko zokuphila, kuba malunga ne-40%.

ukuphumelela Investment

Kusebenza imeko isigqibo lokuqinisekisa ukukhula kwezoqoqosho kweli lizwe. ukuphumelela Investment lubandakanya:

1. Ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza mali.
2. Umxholo ezintsha ngezimali.
3. inkxaso Investment amacandelo aphambili ezoqoqosho zesizwe.

Naye, ukuba benze utyalo-emiselwe uhlobo, kufuneka babe imveliso yasekhaya ngokwezimali. A indima ekhethekileyo kule fanele ukuba isakhiwo umatshini-ukwakha. Kulo mba, isicwangciso sophuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho kwicandelo langoku kwi yotshintsho kwicandelo ngokusekelwe izixhobo eveliswa ngaphakathi lizwe nakwamanye amazwe.

yosongo baqonda okuhambisa

Ekwenzeni isicwangciso sophuhliso lwezentlalo noqoqosho kufuneka athathe ingqalelo izinto ezininzi ukuba ibe nefuthe elibi kwixesha lenkqubo, ukwakha umqobo ekuphumezeni iinjongo. Ezi ziquka:

1. kweemfuno zangaphakathi olunganelanga.
2. amatyala bangaphandle.
3. Unpreparedness ye zakhiwo zotyalo mali eyinkunzi ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.
4. A ireyithi ephezulu sokukhula kwamaxabiso amaxabiso amafutha, umbane kunye nokuthuthwa.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba amaqumrhu lizwe

Inkqubo yaphuhlisa kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeka orientation zentlalo-qoqosho nopolitiko kwimisebenzi karhulumente kwinqanaba elithile okanye kwelinye. scheme jikelele usoloko owahlukeneyo ngokumalunga neeyunithi yolawulo-ndawo ukuba zibe kuyo. Le meko ibangelwa yokuqala onke amanqanaba ahlukeneyo ngokufumaneka kwezibonelelo. Enye into ebalulekileyo ezi nkcukacha ngesakhiwo kwezoqoqosho, inqanaba lophuhliso yakufumana kwicandelo loqoqosho ingakumbi kule ngingqi. Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo kubekho elibonakalayo ngokomeleza ukuzimela iiyunithi yolawulo-indawo. Kulo mzekelo, izifundo uxanduva lophuhliso lwezoqoqosho nezentlalo bengingqi sekuba ngokunyuka minyaka yonke.

Uhlalutyo le meko

Qhinga yophuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho kummandla kufuna uvavanyo olunzulu imeko. Oku kwenziwa zombini izalathisi njengenjongo luluvo. Yangaphambili, ingakumbi, ziquka bume soqoqosho, indawo ngingqi kwicandelo jikelele yabasebenzi, amashishini, indawo geographical, ukufumaneka kwezibonelelo zendalo kunye njalo njalo. Imiba ngokulandela ikakhulu kwindawo yokuqala na iindlela zolawulo. Ushintsho kule minyaka yamva nje aye abonisa ukuba imimandla, ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezintsha kulawulo, singasathethi ithiyetha notyekelo ntlekele. Kwimeko enzima, kwinkqubo ukubuyiselwa ukusuka crisis abanethuba kufuneka ezo zifundo owasebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nobuchule zolawulo.

Qhinga yophuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho kummandla: Okukodwa

Ukuvelisa inkqubo ixesha elide libhekisela nemisebenzi amagunya engundoqo kwesi sifundo. Isisombululo sale ngxaki iba engxamisekileyo ngakumbi xa sijamelene utshintsho rhoqo zesakhiwo ngexesha lentlekele. Kule meko kuba kakhulu buhlungu, ukuba iinkqubo ziya kuqhubeka ngaphandle nayiphi na ulungelelaniso kunye nolawulo. Ngenxa inxaxheba mandla zengingqi indlela yokuphuma imeko enzima ukuze sihambe iindleko ezincinane. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ulawulo kuyimfuneko ukuba basebenzise izibonelelo ezikhoyo nokudala ezintsha. Qhinga yophuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho kummandla okanye kwelinye iziko eli lizwe kuquka ukusetyenziswa ezahlukeneyo izenzo. Ngoncedo lwabo, urhulumente wengingqi ikhuthaza kwicandelo yesizwe yezoqoqosho, kudala imisebenzi, kwandisa isiseko serhafu. Xa kulahlwe lolawulo kukho uluhlu olubanzi iindlela nezixhobo. Batywine amandla kwimisebenzi ethile, apho uninzi eluntwini. Isicwangciso se kuphuhliso lwezentlalo noqoqosho lweli lizwe okanye naziphi na ezinye amacandelo olawulo-ndawo kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo iimeko ezithile eziphembelela imeko uqoqosho kwimida ethile.

Ingcamango izigaba zokukhula

ekubaleni saphuhlisa isicwangciso-qhinga sophuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho kummandla ngokukodwa kunye karhulumente xa iyonke, njengokuba kuthiwe, kwixesha elide. Xa ebhala i uhlalutyo izibonisi ezikumgangatho ezithile ukuya kwindawo ethile. Xa ukuhlola lwabo ezifanelekileyo ukusebenzisa ingqiqo, njengako apho kukhula kwenzeka ngamanqanaba amathathu:

1. Pre-mveliso.
2. Industrial.
3. Postindustrial.

Njengoko egqubayo kwinqanaba lokuqala ezi mveliso extractive:

1. Forest.
2. Fishing.
3. Agriculture.

Ngelo xesha industrial, ingqalelo icandelo lemveliso lubalaseleyo. Ezi ziquka ukutya, ukukhanya, zokusebenza kunye noshishino amaplanga, ishishini lwekhemikhali, ubunjineli ngoomatshini. Kwinqanaba post-industrial ukuya phambili kushishino ezingenakuchukunyiswa:

• Trade.
• Science.
• Education.
• Insurance.
• Sector Financial.
• Health kunye nokunye.

A isici esasenza yoluntu post-mveliso uba ukuhla elibukhali kwimveliso yorhwebo. Oku kwandisa isabelo iinkonzo, abaxhakaxhaka kumashishini, ukwandisa izakhono umgangatho wabasebenzi, lubonakala outstripping emazweni soqoqosho.

Imiba ephambili

Strategy of kuphuhliso lwezentlalo noqoqosho kule ngingqi kufuneka ibandakanye kuphela utshintsho quantitative kodwa ubunjani kubume kwezoqoqosho. Okwangoku, kukho yokuqhelanisa olunzulu ngemisebenzi amashishini yorhwebo. Imizila ekuphuhliseni uluntu bathi karhulumente kugqibelelo zengqesho namhlanje - ndawo yemveliso engabonakaliyo. Kuyinto mali kwishishini enkulu aze njengomba impumelelo yabemi. Ngamanye amazwi, kwisigaba yemveliso non-eziphathekayo - nenguqulelo kophuhliso loqoqosho phantsi kweemeko zale mihla. ERashiya, okwangoku kukho iinkqubo ezimbini eziphikisanayo: ukwanda isabelo lwecandelo lweenkonzo de-mveliso. Isiqhelo zamvanje uza ekunciphiseni umlinganiselo kumashishini zokwenza ngelixa sisenyusa imigodi. Le nkqubo kunokuthathwa elithile ngebhaxa. Ngokwemiqathango yophuhliso olulandelayo loqoqosho deindustrialization Russian inophawu ezimbi. Loo nto ibangela i "ukulinganisa" entsonkothileyo uqoqosho kwinqanaba lokuqala. Oku, ibonisa Isemantiki yoqoqosho. Ngelo xesha kwi uluntu ezinophawu ukwanda kwi isabelo kweenkonzo, ukwandisa isabelo amashishini mali nezorhwebo. Lo mkhuba kukuthi uphawu post-mveliso sigaba. Ngexesha elifutshane zifundo ziquka ngokutsha okubalulekileyo kwezixhobo zokusebenza. Le ntsingiselo kumele uthathe ingqalelo isicwangciso sophuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho kamasipala apho utshintsho ibonakala ngokucacileyo. Ezi units zolawulo, ingakumbi, kuquka amaziko amakhulu orhwebo weli lizwe, umgangatho wokuphila wabantu kuxhomekeke kwicandelo lemveliso.

yorhwebo factor

Okwangoku, i imeko iqhosha lufumaneka, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezibonelelo. Kumanqanaba okuqala zenguqu kwezoqoqosho kule ngingqi liqulunqe ekhethekileyo kumashishini zaseprayimari. I enkulu isabelo semali epheleleyo baqinisekisa ngenxa kumazwe ahle kunye nesinyithi nonferrous, igesi, neoli, iinkuni. Oku kuye kwabangela ukuba uyayilondoloza amandla industrial karhulumente lonke kunye nezifundo zalo ngabanye. In imi--90. ukwandiswa Rhweba ngaphandle kokuba conditioner imali yesizwe ikakhulu lingako. Kunye nale, ukwanda yokungenisa impahla ezinzima. Oku kwaba nefuthe elingelihle kwiindlela zokuphila, ukunciphisa ngakumbi kuyo. Ezinye iinzuzo kwicandelo yorhwebo anyanzelwa ukuthoba iindleko, ingakumbi iindleko ezincinane zabasebenzi. Ekuhambeni kulo engange, ukunyuka kwemivuzo kwemveliso kumanye amazwe, baza ngokuthe ngcembe baqala ukuncipha. Kulo mba, kugxininisa kushishino zorhwebo ezithunyelwa namhlanje akukho elizayo.

ulawulo Tools

kufuneka ibe yintoni qhinga sophuhliso lwezentlalo noqoqosho? City of ukubaluleka federal, ngokuqhelekileyo enye ngowokuqala ukuqalisa ukuphuhlisa nokuphumeza iinkqubo zolawulo olusebenzayo. Njengoko yokwenza ubonisa, zisezezona zixhobo ngempumelelo izicwangciso kunye nokuthengisa. Bona kuvavanywa ngokusebenzisa ulawulo lwangoku. Xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba inkqubo kwimarike, kwezinye iimeko, ukucwangcisela nje kuphela kufanelekile, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa kuzo zonke iintlobo zemisebenzi. Oku ngokulinganayo isebenza kwezolimo, yaye mveliso, kunye nolwakhiwo, kunye candelo lezothutho.

ubume beprogram

Isicwangciso-qhinga kubandakanya:

1. Ukuchaza iinjongo.
2. Uhlalutyo ezingaphandle.
3. Ukumisela amandla kunye nobuthathaka kule ndawo.
4. Ukusetyenziswa ekhoyo kunye nokudalwa iingenelo ezintsha indawo.
5. Esebenzisa le ngcamango.
6. Phuhlisa isicwangciso kubandakanya amanyathelo eziphathekayo kunye nezenzo.
7. Uhlalutyo lweMpembelelo, utshintsho iingxaki kunye neendlela zokusombulula kubo.

Isicwangciso esiliqili yinkqubo eqhubekayo. Sibeka iinkalo ekujoliswe kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka yokusebenza izigqibo, kwebhola. Ukuba kukho isicwangciso ixesha elide ukuphunyezwa imisebenzi eyenziweyo ngokusekelwe inazo esivakalayo.