Nentabalala yezinto eziphathekayo ngalinye 1 m3 of eziphathekayo, iimpawu inani ubalo ngokupheleleyo neziphakamiso

Kwindawo ukwakhiwa naliphi na inqanaba, ukususela amafu ukuya endlwini yelizwe, Asinakuyenza ngaphandle eziphathekayo. Le nto isetyenziselwa ukugcwalisa isiseko, ulwakhiwo kweendonga ekwakhiweni monolithic, izanda isixhobo kunye screeds kwi izitena enye ilitye iisoyi kunye. Ukulungiswa ikhonkrithi kwi ngomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo, hayi kuphela sinika iyahlala namandla kwezakhiwo, kodwa ukuphepha iindleko eziphathekayo ezingeyomfuneko.

Ukubunjwa eziphathekayo

Kwimeko kwecacileyo, lo eziphathekayo iqulathe amacandelo amathathu:

• Yokubopha.
• Lokufaka.
• Amanzi.

nentabalala yezinto eziphathekayo ngalinye 1 m3 of eziphathekayo kuxhomekeke iimpawu zezi zinto. Njengoko Umatshini ezisetyenziswa ekuvelisweni ngomxube ukuqinisa isibabula isiqu M100-M600 amandla. Xa ezixutywe namanzi, yenza ubunzima viscous oluthi luqokelelane ngexesha Ukuqinisa welitye sokwenziwa. Xa indima zentlabathi lokufaka sisetyenziswa okanye ezahlukeneyo iindidi luhlalu. Oku kwandisa amandla yesisombululo engumkhenkce, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla igrabile amandla amandla lwesamente. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa lokufaka kunciphisa shrinkage umxube lwesamente le.

Ngaphandle iinkalo eziphambili, kwi ekwakhiweni concrete ziquka ongeziweyo ezahlukeneyo, enika isisombululo kweepropati ezongezelelweyo: ukuxhathisa abandayo, ukumelana amanzi, umbala njalo njalo.

Ukusetyenziswa olifunayo izinto nganye 1m3 eziphathekayo - igrabile, isamente, isanti - limiselwa ngokweemfuno zokusebenza kwi-mxube.

Eyona engundoqo iimpawu eziphathekayo

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ngekhonkrithi - ngamandla ayo compressive. Kuxhomekeka kwiklasi amandla omiswe. ileta luchazwa IsiNgesi "B" kunye namanani ehambelana kwisampula MPA ngamandla. Ukuvelisa kwiiklasi eziphathekayo ukusuka V3,5 ukuya B80, kubunjineli civil kakhulu esebenzayo izisombululo B15 - B30. Ukongeza kwiiklasi, ukuze abonise amandla uphawu ingasetyenziswa. ileta luchazwa Latin "M" kwaye inani ehambelana nendawo amandla kg / cm macala onke. Iiklasi kunye brand kunokuba ngokuchanileyo ezinxulumene omnye komnye, umz, M200 isisombululo edibana Class B15 kunye M300 udidi V22,5.

nentabalala yezinto eziphathekayo ngalinye 1 m3 of eziphathekayo kungohluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke eklasini okanye kwibakala isisombululo oyifunayo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iklasi ncakasana eziphathekayo uzimisele kuphela zelebhu iintsuku ezingama-28. Ngoko ke, xa kuyimfuneko ukwazi kakuhle yenza umxube, kwinqanaba le workpiece ukuba uphoswe iisampulu ezininzi - iityhubhu okanye iisilinda ka-100 mm ukuphakama. Unako ukujonga amandla eziphathekayo kwakhona indlela instrumental okanye ihamile Kashkarova, kodwa ezi ndlela zichanekile kangako.

Ukukhethwa kwiklasi eziphathekayo ezifunekayo

Kwibakala efunekayo ye ikhonkrithi iya icaciswe kuxwebhu kuyilo ukwenzela ukwakhiwa yeprojekthi. Ukuba yokwakha lwenziwa ngokwabo, sifanele ukuchaza umxube lophawu, njengoko ubukhulu elikhulu kuchaphazela amandla kunye nexabiso isakhiwo okanye isakhiwo ukuba sakhiwe.

Ukuqeshwa brand lixhaphakileyo ikhonkrithi sele inikwe apha ngezantsi.

• M100 - Isetyenziselwe parebrikov ufakelo isixhobo uyatyibilika, iifomu ezincinane bokwakha;
• M150 - ezisetyenziswa kwimizila isixhobo ukupheliswa sixhasa ezibayeni;
• M200 - kuba ulwakhiwo iindonga, iiveranda;
• M250 - mveliso iziseko monolithic, grills, Iizilebhu isiseko, Iizilebhu lula kwixesha lolayisho, amanyathelo, iindonga kugcinwe ;
• M300 - kuba naziphi na izakhiwo zithwele: iindonga, imigangatho, iziseko;
• M350 - sithwele iindonga, imihlathi, Iizilebhu, imiqadi, iziseko eziluqilima.

parameters esantini

Ukulungiselela isisombululo ngangentlabathi ezisetyenziswayo imvelaphi eyahlukeneyo: ambiwa kuyo okanye umlambo. Eyesibini uyakukhetha ngakumbi kuba sele ubungakanani granule enkulu kwaye aliqulathanga ukungcola. Indlu isanti ingahluka zabo nokuhanjiswa ubungakanani yamasuntswana. Kukhethwa, sebenzisa isanti kunye aphakathi granules yobukhulu enkulu. Ekubeni enkwalini ukuba yenziwe ngodongwe okanye xa kukho ubumdaka kucetyiswa ukuba anele nge.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba banikele ingqalelo isiqulatho sokufuma kwentlabathi. Kuxhomekeka kule nombolo kufuneka zongezwe ukunyenyisa umxube emanzini. Ngenxa isiqulatho sokufuma kunye nokusasazwa ubukhulu bamagaqa lexinene bulk zentlabathi ziyahluka ukusuka 1.3 ukuya 1.9 t / mitran m, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela nokubala ukusetyenziswa izinto nganye 1 m3 of eziphathekayo.

Ukukhethwa imfucuza

Ekhathazekile umxube eziphathekayo eziquka eziphathekayo kwandisa ngamandla ize kunciphisa shrinkage yayo ngexesha Ukuqinisa. Xa kukhethwa awona abalulekileyo igrabile lwamaqhezu imvelaphi yayo.

Ekwakheni kusetyenziswa amaqhezu zegrabile:

• 5 ukuya kwi-20 mm;
• ukusuka 20 ukuya kuma-40 mm;
• ukusuka mm-40 ukuya kuma-70.

Kuxhomekeka ilitye ekrwada batyumkileyo ihlelwa:

• Lekalika, ngokusekelwe ematyeni awenziwa ludaka.
• Of wahlamba leke kobutyobo.
• Igranite eveliswe ngokukhanywa Nyengane-gneiss negranite rock.

ukusebenza Superior ukuba amandla kuye Nyengane yimiwewe, ngoko ukuba ikhonkrithi ekwakusetyenzwa ngayo sezakhiwo ezibalulekileyo - iziseko, imihlathi, iisilingi, kungcono ukuyisebenzisa. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukulibala ukuba inkunkuma kusetyenziswa akufunekanga ibe ubumdaka, ingakumbi udongwe.

ratio ngamanzi-isamente

Xa ukuvelisa izinto ixabiso lokuqala lulwahlulo zesamente kunye namanzi. Amanzi kuyimfuneko ukuba umchiza indlela ukuxovwa yesamente, ekhokelela kuseko ngamatye lwesamente. Lo mlinganiselo kakhulu kwindlela kugqiba udidi umxube eziphathekayo. Kubalulekile ukuthatha ingqalelo uhlobo tsementa.Chem ratio asezantsi ngamanzi-isamente, ngokuqina eziphathekayo. Umlinganiselo ekwelona nqwanqwa lisezantsi efunekayo ukuze ukuxovwa zesamente ngu 0.2. Ukuziqhelisa, ukusetyenziswa ngekhonkrithi ngamanzi kukungciba ratio 0.3-0.5. Imixube kunye umlinganiselo ophakamileyo ngamanzi-isamente Oku lisusiwe.

Ukuzimisela siswele eziphathekayo ukuxuba

Njengoko umthetho, ukuba ulungiselelo zesamente ikhonkrithi kusetyenziswa amanqaku M400 no M500. Ukuziqhelisa, ukuba ukujonga ukusetyenziswa zesamente 1m3 ngekonkriti nganye usebenzisa itafile elandelayo.

Ezi data kuba iimeko eziqhelekileyo lobushushu nokufuma, kwakunye isamente, imida apho ezihambelana lawo akwikhontroli-package. Ebomini, kufuneka inike isamente asele 10-15%.

Ngaphezu koko, ngokutsho komlinganiselo eyaziwa zesamente kubalwa izinto ukusetyenziswa 1m3 eziphathekayo, inani elilelona zesamente kwisanti kunye uhlalutye kuboniswe kule theyibhile.

Umzekelo, ukuba nentabalala yezinto eziphathekayo ngamnye 1 m3 of M200 eziphathekayo ngu: isamente brand M500 - 240 kg Sand - 576 kg, ilitye etyumkileyo - 984 kg Water - 120 iilitha.

Ukuveliswa eziphathekayo

Xa imiqulu ezinkulu ikhonkrithi isebenza, kucetyiswa ukuba athenge isityalo lilungile-mixed eziphathekayo kwi mixer unikezelo elikufutshane. Kwimveliso industrial zemathiriyeli iirhafu yokusebenzisa nganye 1 m3 of eziphathekayo zigcinwa ngokwaneleyo ngamandla. Ukuba oku akwenzeki, unako ukulungiselela anenani elifunekayo umxube nasekhaya. Kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokufanelekileyo imisebenzi yabo - concreting isakhiwo eyahlukileyo kufuneka yenziwe go nye.

Phambi ukuxubana umxube ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa eziphathekayo 1m3 ngekonkriti nganye. Ukubalwa bomyinge wamanzi akukho mfuneko yokuba wenza ngokwaneleyo ukusebenzisa le theyibhile ingezantsi.

Lo mxube iphuma a Umxhubi ehambelanayo imali eziphathekayo, ebeka kuyo iinxalenye enemitha zesamente owomileyo, isanti kunye schebonki ohluzwe. Amanzi kufuneka ongezwe izahlulo kwi ethubeni yokugqibela.

kwezithako

Ukongeza kubahlali eziyintloko ongeziweyo eziphathekayo ziyongezwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo:

• Eyiyo yebug. Ezi nkundla ke zenzelwe ukuphucula amandla nokwandisa luvukelo iqabaka eziphathekayo.
• Plasticizers. Landisa ukuba abantu bangazinzi kunye nomxube waterproofness.
• Nabalawuli ukuhamba. Ngaba yandisa ixesha sentlalo, ukugcina ukushukumiseka kwezothutho.
• Antimoroznye kwezithako. Ibonelela bamba eqhelekileyo yezisombululo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi ukuya degrees 20 thabatha.
• Namafutha. Ukunyusa isantya sentlalo ngokunika ayengawokuphilisa ngokukhawuleza ngosuku lokuqala.

Xa isicelo kwezithako, nentabalala yezinto eziphathekayo ngamnye 1 m3 of ikhonkrithi kufuneka igqitywe kuthathelwa ingqalelo izindululo umenzi. Waphula umthetho imiyalelo osetyenziso ngaka nomkhwezeli.