Leh Valensa: engobomi, usapho, imisebenzi yezopolitiko, amabhaso

Leh Valensa (wazalwa 09/29/43 e Popowo, Poland) - lomzabalazo eyanceda ifomu kwaye kwakhokelela (1980-90), nembumba yabasebenzi ezimeleyo yokuqala Polish wamaKomanisi "ubunye". Inkokeli akuyo kwezigidi zabasebenzi Polish waba ngumongameli (1990-95). Ngowe-1983 wafumana i-Nobel Peace Prize.

Leh Valensa: biography

Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II esaphethe Poland Walesa uyise Boleslav phambi kokuzalwa Lech yena livalelwe kwinkampu ekusetyenzwa nzima , kwaye ngo-1945 wabulawa ukudinwa waza wafumana ukubethwa phambi kokuba bafike kwiminyaka 34. Umama wakhe, uFelikis waba nempembelelo enkulu unyana wakhe. Umfundisi wasekuhlaleni ekhumbula njenge "umfazi osisilumko kuza."

Walesa waba umfundi laliphakathi yesikolo wecawa, waza waphumelela kurhulumente esikoleni sokufundela e Lipno, apho ezizodwa kwezombane. C 1961 ukuya 1965 wasebenza kwiziko lenkonzo bezithuthi.

Iminyaka emibini wakhonza emkhosini, apho wafumana isikhundla Ngaphandle Kokubetha.

ngogesi zalapho

Ngowe-1967, leh Valensa waqalisa ukusebenza ngombane kule ndawo yokwakhela enkulu. ULenin e IGdańsk. Ngowe-1970 azibona zaqalwa ukutya ngexesha apho amapolisa babulala demonstrators eziliqela. Xa Uqhankqalazo ezintsha nxamnye iinkokheli yobukomanisi Poland yaqala ngo-1976, wabonakala ibe anti-urhulumente zemanyano zabasebenzi lomzabalazo, leyo yomsebenzi olahlekileyo.

Ngo-Agasti 1980, xa yokwakhela Gdansk ingene yi uqhankqalazo, okubangelwa nokunyuka kwamaxabiso okutya, leh Valensa wakhwela phezu kocingo waza wajoyina abasebenzi kwishishini, owandinyulayo naye njengentloko wekomiti kumbetha, agunyaziswe ukuba thethana kunye neenkokeli nokulungisa iinqanawa.

Emva kweentsuku 3 iimfuno zamkelwe, kodwa xa yabasebenzi kwezinye izityalo Gdansk Lech wacela ukuba uqhubeke ugwayimbo, ngoko nangoko wavuma. Wathatha kwizimangalo utyala ngokuxuba, idibanisa kunye namashishini kummandla of Gdansk-Sopot-Gdynia. IKomiti wabeka phambili inani yamabango ngqindilili kwezopolitiko, kuquka ilungelo lokuqhankqalaza kwaye ukuyilwa kwiimanyano zabasebenzi simahla, yaye wavakalisa loqhankqalazo jikelele. Esoyika uvukelo edumileyo, abasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni baye bavuma neemfuno eziphambili abasebenzi, yaye ngoAgasti 31, ukuba utyikitye isivumelwano ngokubanika ilungelo lokuhlela ngokukhululekileyo ngokuzimeleyo. Nokusayinwa yayihanjelwe Mechislav Yagelsky, lokuQala uSekela iNkulumbuso of Poland, kunye leh Valensa. Biography inkokeli nemibutho yabasebenzi itshintshile kwakhona, ke labuyiselwa kwi Gdansk zalapho, ibe phofu iKhomishini Uququzelelo yeSizwe.

ubumbano

Ngenye imini, xa impendulo kwesi sivumelwano ephawulekayo 10 million abasebenzi Polish kunye namafama kunye neemanyano zabasebenzi semiautonomous, ikomiti strike Interfactory ukuba similise yeSizwe Federation of Trade Unions kunye Walesa njengoSihlalo kunye aMele Chief. Ngo-Oktobha, i "ubunye" zemanyano zabasebenzi awubona ngokusemthethweni ngurhulumente Polish, ukhokelwa Federation kunye Lech kwi ukuxambulisana nabasemagunyeni, kuphela ubuchule kongenelelo Soviet emkhosini.

Leh Valensa: Nobel Prize

Federation loyiso kwaba zexeshana. NgoDisemba 1981 urhulumente Polish labekwa phantsi komthetho bokulwa, "ubunye" sele azivumelekile yaye uninzi iinkokheli zayo babanjwa, kuquka leh Valensa, engobomi ogama natyetyiswa unyaka entolongweni. Enikezela naye 1983 Nobel Peace Prize seyihlatywe amadlala ngurhulumente Polish. Esoyika zemfuduka engafunwayo, wahlala ePoland, kunye nomfazi wakhe, Danuta Walesa, waya Oslo, Norway, ukwamkela ibhaso egameni lakhe.

impumelelo yolonyulo

Njengoko yinkokeli intshukumo ngokufihlakeleyo "solidarity", Walesa yathotyelwa kwimeko yayikukutshutshiswa de kube lelo xesha elinye ngezimvo iimeko zoqoqosho, kunye wave entsha zoqhankqalazo zabasebenzi 1988 yanyanzela urhulumente Polish ukuba thethwano kunye naye kunye nezinye inkokheli zemanyano. ngenxa wabo isivumelwano, uhlaziyelwa Isimo ngokomthetho "solidarity" kwaye enemvume unyulo simahla ukuba inani eliqingqiweyo iindawo abuyiselwe , edulusele endlwini epalamente. NgoJuni 1989, intshukumo lifumene uninzi ezi ndawo, yaye emva Walesa unqabe isindululo ukwenza urhulumente ayimbumba nge ndawonye, iPalamente wanyanzeleka ukuba lokuvuma kwiKhabhinethi yaBaphathiswa phantsi kobunkokheli "solidarity", nakuba enqaba ukuba abe yinkokeli wayo, iNkulumbuso.

Head of State

Ngowe-1989, Walesa wanceda asebenza union wakhe Tadeusz Mazowiecki waba yinkulumbuso yalo Rhulumente, kodwa isaziso candidacy zakhe kuye ukuze umongameli ngo-1990 waphumelela lokuqala ngqo ukhetho ePoland esivuyisayo.

Njengoko Polish uMongameli Walesa wanceda ziqhube unyulo ezamahala yepalamente 1991 waza wathabatha inxaxheba inguqu kuqoqosho lwesizwe emarikeni free. Wabonisa izakhono ezimangalisayo lwezopolitiko njengendlela inkokeli "solidarity", kodwa umbuzo olula, isimbo yakhe impikiswano kunye nokwala ukudambisa izithintelo eziqatha isisu aye ayenza yahexa udumo lwakhe ekupheleni lwengqesho e-ofisini. Ngowe-1995, yena inxaxheba kolu lonyulo, kodwa boyiswa WayeliKomanisi Aleksandra Kvasnevskogo, intloko Democratic Left Alliance. Kwakhona Walesa wabaleka ukuba umongameli ngo-2000, kodwa wafumana kuphela iqhezu lweevoti. Ngowe-1997 yena waliseka yaqonda iqela lezopolitiko "Christian Democracy III Republic of Poland."

Kukuyeka kwipolitiki

Ngenxa ngokoyiswa 2000 Walesa wabhengeza umhlala yakhe kwezopolitiko. Kamva, wamtshabalalisa ixesha elininzi lakhe ndisebenza kwiziko egameni lakhe, eyasungulwa ngo-1995 ukuya okusasaza ulwazi eziyimpumelelo "solidarity", ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lwentando yesininzi kunye nokwakha uluntu ePoland ehlabathini.

Ngo-Agasti 2006, Walesa ubhengeze umhlala bakhe zemanyano zabasebenzi elizimeleyo bekhalaza kwi ngenkxaso yayo elibusayo "Ilungelo nobulungisa» (PIs), kwakunye Lech kunye Yaroslava Kachinskih, abazalwana ngamawele, enibe unendawo owaziwayo kwi "ubunye 'yaye waba ngumongameli kunye inkulumbuso, ngokulandelelana. Ngokutsho kwakhe, lo mbutho abe ungowasemzini kuye, oko omnye elithile elizibalula ngeziganeko, ingxaki itshintshile kunye nabantu. Ngokukodwa, wayichasa kususwe Kaczyński abantu ezinxulumene ngokusebenzisana nowayesakuba ulawulo lwamaKomanisi yaye lizama ukupapasha uluhlu abaqeshwa PIs-era abecuphi, Poland.

Ukususela ngo-2004, esebenza Gdansk moya Lech Wałęsa. Izikwere kunye nezitalato ogama lakhe behlonipha inkokeli yangaphambili "solidarity", ibekwe eUnited States, Canada kunye France. Ngo-2009 yena lesikhumbuzo kwi Alley Ophumeleleyo Polish Nobel Prize.

Ngowe-1981, "Ixesha", waba Pole wokuqala kunikwa isihloko "Man of the Year" phephancwadi. Ukusuka Queen Elizabeth II unika leh Valensa wawongwa isihloko Wawongwa iLungu IMbasa Bath. Nazo zawongwa kubafundisi-odolo ezininzi iimbasa zamazwe angaphandle, xa Vol. H. kaMongameli Molteno of the United States yeNkululeko, French iButho Imbeko, i-Order of "Ukugqwesa of the Italian Republic", i-Order Swedish yeeserafi, i-Order Danish le Elephant, i-Order Finnish we-White Rose, i-Order Portuguese of Liberty kunye i infante kak Enrike, i-Order Norwegian ka St. Olav, Order Ukrainian ka-Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo, i-Czech Order of ingonyama White, i-Order "Kuba Ukugqwesa Federal Republic of iJamani", i-Order Chilean sokuzimisela, lo op Estonian Ene Cross Mary Land, UNESCO imbasa kunye nabanye.

impilo Personal

November 8, 1969 leh Valensa watshata Danuta Golos. Esi sibini wayenabantwana 8: melly (1970), Slawomir (1972), Przemyslaw (1974), Jaroslav (1976), uMagdalena (1979), uAnna (1980), Maria-Victoria (1982) kunye Brigid (1985). Yaroslav Valensa waba wezopolitiko yaye waba lilungu lepalamente ngo-2005-2009, yaye ngowe-2009 wonyulwa ukuba iPalamente yaseYurophu.

Ngowe-2008, Lech Walesa kwenziwa kwemithambo stenting yenhliziyo kunye pacemaker efakiweyo.

agent Bolek

Eminyaka, owayesakuba ngumongameli Poland, wamangalelwa ngenxa yokuba ngo-1970 abe i enikezwe enkonzweni wamaKomanisi imfihlelo, nangona loqhankqalazo yayo categorical kunye nesigqibo senkundla ezizodwa ngo-2000, asuse amanye amacala ngokusebenzisana. Noko ke, hype ezingqonge ezi zityholo wavuka kwakhona ngo-2008. Emva koko ke ncwadi yapapashwa, uTshawe udlalwa leh Valensa. Inkokeli Biography Union esongezelelwe izibakala leyo ibonisa ukuba ukususela ngowe-1970 ukuya 1976 wasebenza njengoko iinkonzo zokhuseleko lwentsebenziswano phantsi codename Bolek. Lo mba wabuya wavuswa ngoFebruwari 2016, xa Institute of Wesikhumbuzo yeSizwe, eyenzelwe ukuba aphande lwamaNazi nolwamaKomanisi era ePoland, wemka, umhlolokazi lowo wayesakuba nguMphathiswa of Internal Affairs zemathiriyeli, njengako apho Walesa yaba ozisa lweenkonzo zokhuseleko. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba basebenzisane kunye neBhunga lezoKhuseleko, wenza isandla sakhe irisithi imali, luyinto yabucala kunye neengxelo kwintsebenziswano arhente emfihlekweni Bolek. Leh Valensa waphika amathuba nobunyaniso kwamaxwebhu baze bacebisa ukuba kubekho into iyavela recording libanjwa kuye ngexesha lokukhangela.