Ekhululekile - a freethinker

Ngokwamanani kwezopolitiko, kukho amazwi amaninzi, amaxabiso apho abaninzi ayiqondwa ngokupheleleyo. Oku edibene utshintsho rhoqo kulawulo karhulumente, kangangokuba umlawuli omtsha iphatha yonke indlela yabo, kwaye izinto ezininzi zembali. Kweli nqaku siza kuzama ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na liberalism, yintoni na abameli bayo, bungakanani ideology ayikholelwayo.

Ngoko melo - kodwa ikakhulu svobodnomyslyaschih indoda freethinker. Ekukholelwa ukuba benkululeko ntiyiso afakwa nokuzifica ngokugqithiseleyo, ukuba basoloko bakubetha ngoyaba izibakala ezininzi eziphikisanayo, akwamkelekanga nkqu le miba ngokwabo. Okokuqala, liberalism yi umkhwa wezopolitiko, nto leyo ibandakanya inkululeko yokuthetha, izenzo ngamnye kwezoqoqosho kunye nezinye iinkalo zobomi.

Benkululeko kurhulumente

Kweli xesha ukusuka kwi-16 ukuya kwele-18, owaphuma eYurophu ebudeni liberalism. umongo wayo kukuba abameli loohlohlesakhe waqalisa ukufuna ukupheliswa ngokwenene amandla, enika yamaKatolika iCawa, endaweni yoko kwafuneka ukuba ukufikelela inkululeko ngokupheleleyo amanyathelo ukuba wonke ummi. Okokuqala, le nkululeko inxulumene kwinkalo yezoqoqosho kunye norhwebo. Ukuze ngokukhululekileyo ukuqhuba ishishini labo, ukuvakalisa izimvo zabo nangaliphi na ixesha - ukuba umfuziselo umnqweno karhulumente ekufuneka yonke melo. Oku, nangona kunjalo, le ngcinga a ezinawo yamaphephandaba uluntu ukuba alukhange lufumane inkxaso eyaneleyo evela kubantu abaqhelekileyo of Europe.

Kukho abo minyaka xa liberalism waba mkhuba zopolitiko ezingundoqo kumazwe amaninzi. Nokugqama kulo mbutho yaba ixesha French Revolution. Ke zonke melo - kwaba ummeli lentsapho ezizityebi - Uswele kuphela ngenkululeko ukulawula phelele ngokomoya. Nangona loo mntu, ngathi MJ Lafayette, O. Mirabeau, kwakunye Girondins kunye Feuillant wafumana ngaxa lithile ezandleni zabo izixhobo karhulumente, nabo slogans malunga nenkululeko lwaba into anti-lwentando yesininzi. ummeli ngalinye uhlobo yamaphephandaba "kumkhupha ngengubo phezu kwakhe," iingxaki nje iingxaki zabo baze ucimayo iimfuno zabo.

Benkululeko e Russia

Abameli liberalism French abonisa ngokwayo hayi ngesandla ilungileyo, kodwa amaxwebhu zabo, izilogani ubanga ilungelo lokuba ubomi obubhetele waza wahlala kwinkumbulo abantu kunye ephepheni. Kubalulekile ukuba le mithombo baba negalelo siphambili ukuvela free-yawona kuBukhosi Russian. Kakade ke, wonk 'uyazi ukuba osikelelayo Russian - i Decembrist kunye naluphi na nabaxhasi babo. Ngowe-1825 bona kudlalwa kule- Yeengwevu Square ukuba ukubhukuqa uKhesare. Asikwazi Ungatsho yintoni ukuguqula isimo sethu, ukuba kwiinginginya zabantu inkxaso, kodwa oku akukenzeki, kwaye uninzi bavukeli zabulawa ngokugwetywa.

Kumaxesha Soviet, yamaBolshevik Party ndiziphethe umzabalazo esebenzayo nxamnye nazo zonke iintlobo inkululeko yokuthetha kunye noluntu melo. Sonke siyazi ukuba eSoviet Union wayengenguye umrhwebi, okanye amashishini abucala okanye urhwebo free. Abantu ababa nokuba ukushiya imida karhulumente zakowabo, ukubona ihlabathi.