Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich: engobomi, iinkqubo zenzululwazi, impumelelo kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Ngubani na Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich ngaphezu waziwa, apho wayehlala kwaye unako ukufikelela? Xa lesayensi kwakuza kufuneka ngoko nangoko waxelela ukuba yena - into yezibalo obalaseleyo kunye injineli, ayezinikele ubomi bakhe bonke, kodwa wadala umsebenzi omninzi abathatha inxaxheba ekufundiseni imisebenzi yasekuhlaleni, kunye wayezidla into yokuba siphila eRashiya.

Mihail Alekseevich Lavrentev: biography

Ngowe-1900, Kazan wazalwa sezibalo edumileyo uMikhail Lavrentiev. Uyise wayengumfundisi kwimathematika kwisikolo sobugcisa. Ke Alexei Lavrentiev waba uNjingalwazi Boomatshini e Kazan University, uze emva koko e Moscow State University.

imfundo yamabanga uMikayeli liselula esikolweni Kazan, wangena State University ngowe-1918, yaye emva kweminyaka emibini wathunyelwa eMoscow - le physico-zemathematika nkululeko, apho waphumelela ngo-1922. Emva kokuphela yagqiba ukuba baqhubeke nezifundo zabo iziqu yaye wahlala iminyaka emithathu. Imfundo bagqiba ithisisi kwaye bafumane iqondo Umviwa of Physical ne-Mathematical Sciences. Emva koko, iinyanga ezintandathu uhambo ishishini eFransi, nokuphucula ulwazi lwabo, benikana amava kunye noogxa bamanye amazwe (Denjoy, Hadamard, Montel kunye nabanye).

Ukususela ngowe-1948 ukuya kowe-1951, lo wokuqala emva Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich wabuyela eMoscow evela eKiev, waba yintloko yeSebe Physics and Technology Faculty of the Moscow State University. Kamva saqonda ukuba eli Sebe liye lakhula laya kwiziko elizimeleyo, wabeka kakhulu umgudu kwaye nkqu nzulu akuyivula ezikhethekileyo kolu phando ukuba ungadubula.

Great igalelo yezibalo Lavrentyev wenza kuphuhliso kweekhompyutha elektroniki. Ngowe-1948, i-Institute of Precision Mechanics zeKhompyutha Engineering kwixesha elifutshane ziye wadala iisampulu computer yokuqala phantsi kweliso Lavrentiev.

Kufuneka kwakhona ukhankanye umsebenzi lwenzululwazi Academician e naseNovosibirsk, apho, ibulela kuye, kwaye phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe wadala Siberian ihlumelo eliveliswe * Academy of Sciences, leyo wayiqhubela phantse engama-20, ukususela ngowe-1957, no-1975. Kamva, isikolo kwemathematika nezixhotyana uyaziwa, leyo wamenywa ukuba asebenze zezazinzulu ezibalaseleyo, phakathi kwabo SK Godunov, I. N. Vekua, M. M. Lavrentev, S. T. Vaskov kunye nabanye.

Wasweleka ngowe-1980, wangcwatywa naseNovosibirsk eMzantsi Amangcwaba.

Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich: Family

UMikhail Lavrentyev wahlala iminyaka 79, ngo-1928 watshata uVera Danchakovoy Evgenievna, obeyindoda eziphilayo, bavele kunye abaye baphila iminyaka emininzi, kude kube ngo-1980 wasweleka yezibalo nesazi-nzulu. Xa intsapho babo nabantwana ababini: Unyana uMikayeli, owaba yezibalo kunye nentombi Ukholo, malunga eyaziwa phantse nto.

ukufundisa

Xa ndandineminyaka ngokwanelisayo abancinane nzulu elizayo Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe njengomfundisi. Ngoxa ukufunda kwiYunivesithi, wafundisa le Moscow Technical School.

Ngowe-1927, xa uMichael wabuya kuhambo, waqala ukufundisa e Moscow State University, lwabasebenzi abangabahlohli kwingcamango amade conformal.

Ukususela ngowe-1929, waba isitulo kwi-Institute of Chemical Technology, yaye ngo-1931 waba uprofesa e Moscow State University, nto injalo nge ithisisi. degree yakhe eyakhutshwa ngenxa yomsebenzi lwezenzululwazi, kwaye umganyana, kamva wawongwa ngesidanga Doctor of Sciences zobuGcisa, kwaye ngoko ke ugqirha of physical sciences zemathematika. Ngowe-1933 waba yintloko yesebe le Moscow State University, wasebenza apho de 1938.

Enkosi kuye, kwakheka Physico-Technical Institute, owayekade ikhono Moscow State University. I-Institute iqeqesha ziingcali kakhulu ngenxa yamasimi inzululwazi nobugcisa, ephuhlisa ngokukhawuleza. Umgaqo ukusebenza kwalo ziko yadluliselwa umsebenzi naseNovosibirsk State University, apho lo msebenzi ephambili ukudala amandla isiseko esomeleleyo, nto leyo iza kuqeqesha iingcali elizayo.

Academy of Sciences of USSR

Ngowe-1939 Mihail Alekseevich Lavrentev kwi isimemo yoMlawuli Bogomoltseva bafudukela Kiev ne wamiselwa umlawuli we-Institute of Mathematics, yokufundisa engumzekelo Physics and Mathematics Faculty of State University. umsebenzi wakhe waphazanyiswa ebudeni bemfazwe, xa babalekela Ufa, apho waqhubeka nemisebenzi yakhe.

Ngowe-1945, wabuyela Kiev ne waqhubeka nomsebenzi wayo de-1948, de kwakhona waya eMoscow.

Ngexesha Mpi Enkulu Patriotic

Nangona isibakala sokuba Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich waba ngasemva, yaye hayi balwa ngaphambili, wakwazi ukunceda umsebenzi wakhe lwenzululwazi ukuze aphumelele emfazweni, ukuzama ukwenza isixhobo esitsha. umsebenzi bakhe, bube imathematika nezixhotyana iye yanxulunyaniswa ishishini emkhosini-zobunjineli, ubukhulu becala kunye nemiba enxulumene yokuzikhusela.

mbono

Lavrenteva inkonzo enkulu ngexesha lemfazwe kumazwe 1940 ibikukuphuhlisa ukuqhushumba onobunzima 1.5 kg nokuphalazeka kwelifu enkulu. Ngoko moya ukuhlasela nako ukuthwala ukuya kwi 600 kg neebhombu kunye zibhombu ezimbalwa ukutshisa ngokusebenzisa kwiitanki ukuba uvumele wena ukhethe ngokukhawuleza kutshabalalisa utshaba wazimisela indawo esitsha Orel-Kursk.

Kakuhle eli theory kuqhuma ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuzithethelela isondlo kuqinisela isigxina sasekuhlaleni nawuphi na umqobo, ukuba ngenkani kuyo. Lavrentiev wakwazi ukucacisa isenzeko, yaye yaqulunqa intsingiselo hydrodynamic.

imisebenzi emikhulu

Ixesha elininzi kunye nengqalelo esingelwe phantsi iingxaki Lavrentiev udubulo. Nkqu ngenkulungwane ye-19, iziphumo ezongezelekayo yavulwa (i lokugqobhoza ukuba izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, zingagilani kunye isithintelo, ichaza jet ngesantya esiphezulu zegesi propellant kwaye utshisa xihinga). Isazi ngaphezulu kakhulu uphando oku waza wafumanisa ukuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukuba ubunzulu ungekafiki owama kungena kujoliswe, le dubulo iya kuba namandla ngakumbi ukuba iziphumo sifundo. Kwakhona eninzi ingqalelo sele ihlawulwe kwithiyori kwamaza elide, zibalo ludidi lwe engumxube, kunye nabanye abaninzi kwinkalo zemathematika, inzululwazi kunye ubucukubhede.

Kuba sisazinzulu, kubalulekile nje ukuba sidlule ulwazi lwabo kwizizukulwana ezizayo kuphela, kodwa esikhuthaza ngayo kubo umnqweno ukuba benze awabo bakufumeneyo, ixesha elininzi lichithe nabanye kubafundi abaselula Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich. Imisebenzi ephambili ezathi zanikwa, kuyimfuneko ukudwelisa ngokwahlukeneyo:

• Ngowe-1962, wakhululwa ejikelezayo "indlela variational kwiingxaki ixabiso umda."
• Ngowe-1965 kwafika kokupapashwa neendlela kwethiyori umsebenzi ezintsonkothileyo.
• Ngowe-1980 wapapasha ingqokelela lwamanqaku inzululwazi kunye nenkqubela zobugcisa.
• Ukusebenzisana Keldysh, "Xa isindululo kwiindawo ulwelo enzima."

Awards kunye namagama

Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich ngenxa yomphefumlo wakhe ufumene iimbasa ezininzi, kuquka imisebenzi yayo yophando neempumelelo kwimathematika physics. Ngo-1944 i-nzulu lafumana Order of the Patriotic War, 2 isidanga, njengoko benza kakhulu lula kuloyiso kummandla yotshaba.

Ngo-1946 wawongwa ngeMbasa Stalin ukwenzela uphuhliso indlela zokusombulula iingxaki nonlinear, ngowe-1949, ephinde imbasa eli ibhaso, kodwa ukufunda kunye nophando hydrodynamics.

Yena wenza ummi Wawongwa naseNovosibirsk Akademgorodok ukususela lasekwa, kwaye yenze iimina ibhaso iphezulu France. izihlandlo ezihlanu uMikhail Alekseevich wawongwa Order of uLenin ezine Red Banner of Labour, kanye imbasa uLenin Prize kunye wasebusika. University for impumelelo yakhe kwimathematika ubucukubhede, nto leyo ke ibhaso liphezulu le-Russian Academy of Sciences kwaye kuwongwa ngonyaka ngamnye ukususela ngowe-1959.

imisebenzi zangaphandle kunye nefuthe kwimfundo yamabanga

Mihail Alekseevich Lavrentev usoloko ezabalazela ukuba basebenzisane kunye nezinye iingcali angaphandle, ukwandisa nokuqinisa ubudlelwane ngamazwe. Akukho kanye uhlele zocweyo, waye ummeli USSR igqiza kwiintlanganiso ezahlukeneyo kunye neforam. Kodwa intembeko yayo ehlabathini yenzululwazi ngamazwe yokuba wakhokela iminyaka esibhozo yi-International Mathematical Union.

Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo, izidanga zemfundo kunye nokuvuzwa Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich ukuba negalelo kuphuhliso lwemfundo zasesekondari, kwaye kwizikolo ezininzi, kuqukwa naseNovosibirsk, baqala ukuqhuba ukhuphiswano kunye nezikolo zasehlotyeni zadalelwa zezibalo elizayo kunye badwelisi benkqubo. EneeMfuno eziZodwa School yokuqala Physics and Mathematics lamiswa NSU.

memory

Sezibalo Mihail Alekseevich Lavrentev ufumene iimbasa ezininzi zexabiso eliphezulu, ukongeza, imbeko wakhe ogama kwizitalato Dolgoprudny e Kazan, emibuzo neememo kunye Institute of Hydrodynamics, isikolo State University of naseNovosibirsk. Njengoko ngokunjalo isitya zophando kunye neencopho nentaba Pamir kunye besekhaya.

In memory of academician yaba ilitye lesikhumbuzo kwi ukwakha iziko, kwakunye ilitye lesikhumbuzo e Akademgorodok e naseNovosibirsk. Luqulunqwe yi nomkroli Paramonov, ezenziwe ngobhedu yayila 1988, nangona kubaphathi-dolophu, ingqalelo ukhetho esikhethiweyo mgaqweni yaye akazange ukusayina ugunyaziso lokumisela. Kodwa lesikhumbuzo kunjalo zenziwe kwaye ifakwe, kunye nabasemagunyeni isixeko kwafuneka ukuba kunye nayo.

Ekuphetheni

UMikhail Lavrentiev obalaseleyo wayengusosayensi-kwezezibalo, owabonisa uthando iinzululwazi ngqo esemncinane, kuqukwa ukukhanda, physics nakwimathematika. Sele kule minyaka 25 yena Ikhutshelwa umsebenzi yakhe endle yemathematika, yaye kwiminyaka 27 isihloko sakhe yapapashwa French kwijenali Academy of Sciences, apho waqeqesha iinyanga ezintandathu.

Kule minyaka ingama-28 bakhonza igqiza eSoviet ukuya International Congress of Mathematicians, yaye ngowama-29 waba intloko yeSebe yeMathematika.

Wayitshabalalisa ubomi bakhe isifundo inzululwazi, nabafundi bakhe baba izazinzulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle kwihlabathi. Wabhala imisebenzi ngaphezulu kwama-500, nangeendlela ezininzi sichonge ngethuba iminyaka eliqela yophuhliso emalunga nenzululwazi yehlabathi ezifana obalstyah nezibalo nezixhotyana. Kodwa ayithethi nje ayeke kula zenzululwazi, bezama ukuqonda ngezenzeko zendalo ngokuxilonga ngamaza amakhulu elwandle (tsunami), unobangela emlilweni, ukukhangela iindlela ukuthintela ungcoliseko lwemilambo.

Umntu wayecinga ukuba ngexesha lakhe ISAZINZULU Lavrentyev usisohlwayo ngenxa infraction wathunyelwa naseNovosibirsk uphuhliso lommandla. Kodwa kubhalwe okanye iinkumbulo eziqhelekileyo kungekho imithetho enjalo. Ngaphandle inkxaso kurhulumente, ndamvuselela kakhulu yokuphuhlisa ummandla osempuma kuhlala yobukhulu enjalo nesantya kolwakhiwo lweedolophu zenzululwazi, leyo nanamhlanje kuhlala kwelinye lamaziko eziphambili lesayensi kuzoba.