I-Hewana likaSaturn, Enceladus. Ingaba kukho ukuphila Enceladus

I-Hewana likaSaturn, Enceladus, Titan, dione, Tethys, kunye nabanye - zihlukile ubukhulu, imilo kunye nesakhiwo. ukuthwasa kwenyanga ezinkulu kwaye enomkhenkce icala ecaleni kunye abancinane kwaye unamatye. Enye izinto ezininzi ezinomdla kwinkqubo - Enceladus. Uphando lucebisa ukuba inyanga wesithandathu likhulu ISaturn olwandle ehamba. Iinzululwazi zizibiza Enceladus umgqatswa ungaphila ngalo ekufumanekeni eziphilayo elula.

giant igesi

LikaSaturn - yiplanethi yesibini inkulu kwisixokelelwano elanga. Ubukhulu bepali kuphela kunguhata kancinane ukuya phambili kule nkalo Jupiter,. Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima likaSaturn ayikho mkhulu kangaka. mninzi layo lingaphantsi koko kwe parameter amanzi is ayisekho uphawu nayiphi na iiplanethi kule nkqubo.

LikaSaturn, ezifana Jupiter, Uranus, noNeptune, lichazwa njenge giant negesi. Le ibandakanya hydrogen, helium, methane, ammonia, amanzi kunye nemali encinane lweziqalelo enzima. ISaturn unezixhobo amakhonkco eliqaqambileyo kwinkqubo elanga. Ziye ke yakhiwa ice kunye nothuli. Amasuntswana kwahluka ubukhulu: ukufikelela sikhulu kakhulu ezinqabileyo amashumi eemitha, inkoliso akukho ngaphezu kokuba mazwi ezimbalwa.

"Cassini"

Ngowe-1997, iyunithi "Cassini-Huygens" laphehlelelwa ukufunda uSaturn nasekuthwaseni kwenyanga yayo. Waba Isathelayithi yokuqala eyenziwe ngumntu bakaRafa igesi. "Cassini" yabonisa ihlabathi engaziwayo iifoto ezinamacala uqhwithela likaSaturn, data kwi nasekuthwaseni kwenyanga, imifanekiso komhlaba Titan gqibezela kakhulu ulwazi izazinzulu kule giant igesi. Lo matshini isebenze kwaye eqhubeka ukunika ulwazi nabaphandi. A lot of "Cassini" yaye waxelela malunga Enceladus.

satellites

Gas giant ubuncinane 62 nasekuthwaseni kwenyanga. Asingabo bonke bephela amagama abo, abanye ngenxa yobukhulu amancinci kunye neminye imiba kunamagama amanani kuphela. Inyanga inkulu bakaRafa igesi - Titan, ilandelwe yi-Ray. ukuthwasa kwenyanga uSaturn kaThixo, Enceladus, dione, Iapetus, Tethys, Mimas kunye ezimbalwa kwakhona izizathu enkulu kangakanani. Nangona kunjalo, le yinxalenye onomtsalane nawokuthwasa ubukhulu akuthethi ngaphezu kwe-100 m.

Kakade ke, phakathi kwamaqela ezinjalo kwenzeka kunye nezinto ezizodwa. Titan, umzekelo, yeyona yesibini ngobukhulu ubukhulu zonke Hewana kwisixokelelwano solar (lokuqala - of Ganymede "yohambelwano" Jupiter). Noko ke, osemqoka yayo ephambili umoya ashinyeneyo kakhulu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izazi ziye kakhulu ngqo ngezibonakude zazo kwi inyanga uSaturn kaThixo Enceladus, leyo nkcazelo inikezelwe ngezantsi.

lokufumanisa

Enceladus - enye yezona nasekuthwaseni iSaturn kaThixo. Kuye kwavulwa wesithandathu. Ngowe ka1789, yena yafunyanwa ngama Uilyam Gershel kunye iteleskopu yakhe. Mhlawumbi, le satellite uya kuvulelwa phambi (ubukhulu kunye albedo eliphezulu le negalelo), kodwa ukuze ubone Enceladus ngumfanekiso nqanda clock kwaye likaSaturn. Uilyam Gershel waphawula isigebenga igesi kwangethuba - yaye yenze ukufunyanwa kunokwenzeka.

parameters

Enceladus - inyanga wesithandathu inkulu likaSaturn. Ubukhulu bayo ngu-500 km, apho malunga ne-25 amaxesha ngaphantsi kwe i parameter efanayo behlabathi. Ubunzima neqabane planet obuphantsi ngokuphindwe phantse 200 lamawaka. ubukhulu Enceladus akuthethi ukwenza nayiphi na into indawo ebalaseleyo. Ngaphandle satellite ezinye iparameters.

Enceladus has a reflectivity ephakamileyo, albedo lwayo kumanyano. Kule nkqubo yonke, ukuba mhlawumbi into aqaqambe emva kokuba ilanga. Isizathu nokuqaqamba kwenkwenkwezi ekufudumaleni phezu Enceladus kwaphela ngenye indlela. Oku kubonisa phantse yonke ukukhanya oza kuyo, kuba uyafundiswa ngumkhenkce. I-avareji iqondo lobushushu ka -200 ° C kwi satellite.

Le komzila yesathelayithi ibekwe ikufutshane ngokwaneleyo namakhonkco iSaturn. Ukususela isigebenga igesi kokuba ezahlulwe sisithuba kumgama 237 378 km. Enye revolution emhlabeni iqabane umhlaba yenza iiyure 32.9.

komhlaba

Ekuqaleni, oosonzululwazi baye akanamdla Enceladus unomdlandla ukuze. Nakuba kunjalo, iyunithi "Cassini", amaxesha amaninzi indlela kunokuba kufutshane satellite, wanika i data umdla kakhulu Earth.

Surface Enceladus imigodi uneventful. Zonke imikhondo ukuwa awe becala kwiindawo ezincinane. Uphawu lwe satellite iziphene ezininzi, nezibaya zemihlambi neentanda. Eyona ezimangalisayo leMfundo ekufuphi kwipali ngasezantsi satellite. Eyayingqalene iimpazamo ziitectonic plates afunyanwa "Cassini" umatshini ngo-2005. Baye ngokuba "Imivumbo ingwe 'ukuba ukufana kwayo komfanekiso moustached nomzingeli.

Ngokutsho izazinzulu, ezi iintanda - ukwakheka entsha, ebonisa umsebenzi zejoloji yangaphakathi ye kuxhomekeka. "Imivumbo Tiger" km 130 ubude ezahlulwe sisithuba ngamakhefu km 40. Iziphekepheke "Voyager 2" luphaphazela ezidlulileyo Enceladus ngo-1981, akazange abone kweziphene kwipali esezantsi. Abaphandi bathi ukuba iintanda kanye iminyaka eliwaka, kwaye kunokwenzeka zaba elishumi eyadlulayo.

okungahambi lobushushu

isikhululo Orbital ababhaliswe ulwabiwo lobushushu non-ibhanile kumphezulu Enceladus. Kwathi kanti loo ndawo kwipali ngasezantsi umzimba cosmic kumo okuninzi-ikhweyitha. Sun ayikho nako anokudala anomaly ezinjalo: ngokuqhelekileyo izibonda ziinkalo ebanda. Izazinzulu inxaxheba ekufundeni Enceladus, baye kwisigqibo sokuba unobangela ubushushu - umthombo ubushushu lwangaphakathi.

Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba iqondo lobushushu le kule ndawo enkulu ngemilinganiselo indawo ekude enjalo yenkqubo elanga. I-Hewana likaSaturn, Enceladus, Titan, Iapetus, kunye nabanye - ayikwazi ndoqhayisa kwiindawo ezishushu ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Lobushushu kwi imimandla anomalous 20-30º kuphela ngasentla medium, ngamanye ilingana nama--180 ° C.

Ukusetyenziswa lubonisa ukuba isizathu ngokushushubeza kwipali ngasezantsi nezesathelayithi kolwandle, sise kumphezulu wayo.

ngogesi

Ehamba Ocean Enceladus uzenza waziva kuphela ngokufudumeza kwipali esezantsi. Icandelo ulwelo ebabonayo njengoko Igiza ngokusebenzisa i "imivumbo ingwe". Jets ezinamandla sele sibonile njengoko zihlole "Cassini" ngo-2005. Icebo eqokelelwe iisampuli kumacandelo flow eziphathekayo. ukuhlaziya yakhe yakhokelela okucingelwayo ezimbini. Kufutshane kumphezulu amasuntswana basindileyo "ngemivumbo ingwe", kuba isixa esikhulu neetyuwa. Nangona sebekhomba ubukho yolwandle phantsi komhlaba Enceladus (kwaye oku ke sigqibo lokuqala izazinzulu ukusuka data "Cassini"). Njengoko ireyithi ephezulu kakhulu lwamathanda zibhexeshwa amasuntswana equlethe ityuwa encinane. Umqukumbelo sesibini: zakha isangqa E ukuba "ummandla" Kwandile lendawo iSaturn.

ehamba olwandle

Yokwabelana onomtsalane amasuntswana babesindile, ikufuphi kumafa ukuya olwandle. Baphumile ngesantya esisezantsi kakhulu yaye akanakuba kuba umsesane E ityuwa amasuntswana kuwa phezu komhlaba Enceladus a eziphathekayo. Ukubunjwa ingxa- lomkhenkce lubonisa ukuba umthombo wayo ayikwazi emkhenkceni uqweqwe lo satellite.

Abaphandi bathi ukuba ulwandle anetyuwa imi kubunzulu iikhilomitha ezingama-50 ngaphantsi komhlaba Enceladus. Oku kuphela ukuba elinye icala engundoqo nzima yaye ingubo womkhenkce - phezu kwezinye. Amanzi kwi interlayer ukwimeko elulwelo, nangona iqondo eliphantsi. Oku akuthethi ngumkhenkce ngenxa eninzi ityuwa, kwakunye energy namaza kudala intsimi omxhuzulane likaSaturn kunye nezinye izinto.

Isixa wamanzi ngumphunga (malunga nama-200 kg yesibini yonke) ithetha indawo enkulu ulwandle. Le Jets umphunga wamanzi kunye ice zibhexeshwa kumphezulu yi ukuyilwa neentanda, obe ubaqhiphukisa ukuphazamiseka uxinzelelo.

emoyeni

Zenzekelayo station omncane "Cassini" zifumaneka Enceladus, kunye nomoya. Ku okokuqala isixhobo magnetometer kwi ukusebenza magnetosphere likaSaturn. Emva kwexesha elithile, "Cassini" ngoko nangoko yilungise, ndibukele iqabane kwelanga Gamma Orionis. Uphando zihlole bavunyelwe ukuba bafunde ukwakhiwa elisondeleyo emoyeni uSaturn kaThixo inyanga womkhenkce wakhe. 65% ibandakanya umphunga wamanzi kwindawo yesibini zisendaweni hydrogen yoxinaniso eziphilayo (malunga nama-20%) nazo bekubona carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide kunye nitrogen eziphilayo.

Umthombo wemvula yeegesi kulindeleke iigiza, umsebenzi mlilo okanye iigesi.

Ngaba bukho ubomi ku Enceladus?

Ukufumana amanzi ngohlobo olulwelo - uhlobo lwe bapase uluhlu (kuphela eziphilayo elula indlela) langa ezinokuba elimiweyo. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, ukuba ulwandle ngaphantsi komhlaba Enceladus sele kudala ikhona, ukusukela ekuzalweni kwenkqubo solar, amathuba okufumana ubomi kukho kakhulu eliphezulu, ukuba kukho amanzi phantse lonke ixesha igcinwe sikarhulumente engamanzi. Ukuba olwandle ngumkhenkce ngamathuba athile, ukuba kunokwenzeka ngenxa umgama ezibangel ukusuka izibane, ngoko ithuba yokuhlala libe lincinci kakhulu.

Ukuze uqinisekise okanye ukuphikisa imibono ze abaphandi ngoku bayakwazi kuphela ingcaciso evela kwi "Cassini" probe. thumo lwakhe landiswa de-2017. Akwaziwa ziya kuba nako ukuya uSaturn neesathelayithi zayo nezinye ixhokonxa isithuba kungekudala ngayo. Umgama ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya Enceladus elikhulu, kwaye ezi projekthi kudinga ngenyameko-mali enkulu.

"Cassini" probe uyaqhubeka. Yena uza kufunda isigebenga igesi uSaturn neesathelayithi. Enceladus, Noko ke, abazange veli kuluhlu engundoqo imisebenzi. iimpawu kokubona ziye balifaka kuluhlu kubaluleke ephambili. Akukho namnye kulindeleke ukuba bafumane amanzi ngohlobo olulwelo kwisiza kwenkqubo solar, apho ikhoyo iSaturn. Amafoto kweegiza kwi Enceladus, yaye kwiminyaka embalwa emva kokuba ukufunyanwa kuvela emangalisayo. Kuyinto izimanga satellite kunokwenzeka musa kuphela de kube kugqitywe mission "Cassini" Astrophysics bafunda zininzi izinto ezinomdla kakhulu ngale inyanga aqumbe.