Abiogenesis, nokuba coacervates ezinjalo

Umfundi mihla be lweli nayiphi na imfundiso ngemvelaphi yobomi on Earth - evela emajukujukwini ukukhukulisekela ingcamango yokuphila ngonaphakade lempucuko. Kodwa ke ukucinga umfundi kufuneka bazi ukuba izazinzulu ezininzi ngqo phambi kwexesha prebiotic ekubunjweni zezinto eziphilayo - abiogenesis. Kwaye isiseko senkolelo eziphambili kulo mba imfundiso Oparin-Haldane lethiyori okanye coacervate amathontsi. Yintoni noko coacervates theory nje abiogenesis ekudalweni nasekusungulweni zonke izinto eziphilayo - kweli nqaku.

Ukuvela elithi

Ukugwetyelwa coacervates ithiyori zezazinzulu Russian zenkulungwane yama-20, A. I. Oparinu. Ngowe-1924 wapapasha incwadi yakhe phezu kweziphumo zophononongo kwezisombululo, ayegcwele iikhompawundi eliphezulu-eziphilayo. Ungqinile ukuba zakha ummandla nokuzinzileyo eziphakamileyo zoqhaphelo ezi izinto, nibizwayo coacervates eziphilayo. Yintoni na amathontsi coacervate - into eliphezulu-ezinto yi zinemoletyhule (protein) leyo eyenziwe yajikeleza i "ibhatyi" amanzi kunye khompawundi ephantsi ubunzima eziphilayo.

Theory Oparin-Haldane

Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba coacervation coacervate. Oko kukuthi le ngcamango Oparin kaThixo coacervates kunye eliphume 1929 liNgesi George. Haldane, nokuthi amagama zifakwa egameni prebiotic chemistry, okanye ixesha ukuphila emhlabeni. Theory icebisa kulogo high-eziphilayo zemvelo ukwakheka yeegesi kunye lithosfere komhlaba wethu.

Linga ne isuphu ekwakuphila

Ngowe-1953, ekhemisi Stanley Miller kunye Harold Urey K wagqiba ukuba imlungisele ulingelo kwimeko efanayo kumafa kunye nemiqathango prebiotic on Earth. Xa igutyana zibekwe umxube methane, ammonia, hydrogen, yaye amanzi kongezelelwa. Ngokuwisa ezikhoyo isicombululo (ukuya kutsho kuma-60 amawaka a) xi zokumpompa kunye nokwandisa lobushushu kwi 80 degrees Celsius, bafumana eziliqela asidi acid, urea kunye nezinye organic. Ngowe-1954, India wafumana yemichiza K. Bahadur imveliso zomgquba, xa libekwe kwindawo enelanga. Malunga imfundiso yokuzivelela prebiotic yaye yintoni coacervates ndafunda wathetha lonke ihlabathi.

Gelatin esipilini

Yintoni coacervates lula enemifanekiso ngokuxuba gelatin, albumin okanye intlaka Arabic kunye namanzi. Ekuqaleni izisombululo ezicacileyo zibe turbid ekuqaleni, kwaye baya kuba gileki edada isisombululo. Nguwo lo coacervates sokuqala. iikhompawundi ezifana enokwenziwa? amasuntswana nowakwakho uyakwazi adsorb izinto ezahlukeneyo yaye isakhiwo sakhiwe ngokucacileyo egqiba ubuntu babo. Xa inkqubo zazivelela kwemichiza na Ukukhethwa ngendlela ezinzileyo ngakumbi, nto leyo eyaba isiseko ukuvela eziphilayo.

Ukusuka coacervate ku kwiseli

Olwandle iphambili ngamaxesha ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali kukho okokuqala ngokuyinxenye ukusuka kokusingqongileyo kwisuntswana. Abelana izinto eendaba (kwase of a yokucola ukutya ezinobunzima), ngokukhawuleza iba okanye ukugcina ingqibelelo ixesha. Amathontsi ikhula (ukwanda ubukhulu) kwaye sisasazeke. Kwaye ke kukho isakhiwo komyalelo eliphezulu - Amanqatha amancinci wokuphila, leyo ezendeleyo kwiinkqubo kuyondelelaniswe kunye ukubola, uphuhliso, ukwanda kunye nokuzala. Ukususela ngalo mzuzu ekuqaleni yophuhliso lwayo yimbali yobomi on Earth.

Le theory Ingxaki coacervate

Konke oku kuhle theory. Kodwa nangona impumelelo zebhayoloji nokuqinisekisa yakhe, yonke into namhlanje siye sidalwe isuphu ekwakuphila, kude ebomini kunye nesakhiwo cell. Nokuba elisekwe sebhayoloji "protocell 'American kunye vesicle Japanese kunye inwebu ngo-2008, ukukwazi ukwahlula (2011), nto ayithethi kuthi sonke iibhiliyoni ezininzi kangaka kwiminyaka eyadlulayo kwi planethi yethu. Zonke ezi amalinge ukunika ukutya ukwakha nantoni na awayefike sele ndlela kunokwenzeka ixesha abiotic le zazivelela ubomi kuphela.

umcimbi improbability

yezibalo British Fred Hall kuqikelelwa amathuba imvelaphi ngengozi iiseli abahlala isuphu ekwakuphila. Kwanele ukuba kuthi ukuba izibalo yakhe, uye wawuqokelela yonke yokugcina iikhompyutha mihla. Kwezinye iimeko ezifanele, le amathuba ngu 1/10 * 40000. Esi ubuninzi okungenamsebenzi, leyo kunciphisa amathuba isiganeko loo phantse hayi.

amatyala bha

Kwezinto kodwa akukho namnye kuye irhoxisiwe, yaye bambalwa imizekelo engaqhelekanga kuya kunceda ukubonisa amazing njani ngokwemiqathango kwimathematika nangoku kwenzeka. Ngokomzekelo, xa abantu waphila iminyaka eli-100 000, oko kukuthi-100% (oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kokukhetha) wafa kwingozi yenqwelo-moya. Kodwa into yokwenene - amathuba kokuphumelela ilotto kwi US Cool yezigidi kuthiwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye 1 ukuya 000. A 5200 American uValerie Wilson ngo-2002 yaye ngo-2006 waphumelela ibhaso lokuqala. Okanye omnye umzekelo - eBulgaria ngo-2009, lo msebenzi wenziwe uphando ilotto "6 ka-41". Kwaye ngenxa yokuba umahluko leentsuku ezine circulations ezahlukeneyo aye ehla amanani ezintandathu efanayo. Amathuba isiganeko esinjalo - 3,61 • 10 ^-14. Ngoko ke amazing kwenzeka emhlabeni.