Yintoni ezilawulwa Stalin Prize? Stalin Prize winner

Abemi Soviet, abo baphumelele obalaseleyo kuyo nayiphi inkalo umsebenzi, bayakhuthazwa yi bhaso engundoqo eli lizwe. Stalin Prize wathembela abo Stadelhofenplatz iindlela zemveliso, kwakunye bemeko- iithiyori zenzululwazi, ubugcisa, imizekelo ebalaseleyo zobugcisa (iincwadi, imidlalo yeqonga, cinema, ukupeyinta, ukukrola, izakhiwo).

iosif Stalin

Kwakukho ibhaso igama emva inkokeli iminyaka elishumi elinamithathu - ukususela 1940 de-1953, yaye kwasekwa kancinane ngaphambili - ngoDisemba 1939. Stalin Prize akazange abe ingxowa-mali karhulumente, laureates inkxaso I. V. Stalina kumvuzo wakhe, nto leyo kwaye iwonga elikhulu - kwizikhundla zalo ezimbini imali engange ishumi lamawaka ngenyanga nganye.

Foundation Prize yaye kwimirhumo upapasho lweencwadi inkokeli kwi-USSR aphesheya, nayo leyo kakhulu kwaye intlawulo ngelo xesha kunokuba ezinkulu (Alexey Tolstoy wada waba ngusozigidi lokuqala Soviet). Stalin Prize wayeyiphangile eninzi imali, phantse bonke. Kungenxa yoko le nto emva kokufa inkokeli yalo incwadi lokonga wahlala sum kuphela - engange ezingamakhulu asithoba, ngelixa elingu abasebenzi ukudlula anamakhulu asixhenxe.

indaba

Ngowe-1939, ngoDisemba, oko ngokusemthethweni yabhiyozela isikhumbuzo seminyaka engamashumi amathandathu yinkokeli, nokuba imbeko yalo mcimbi kwabakho ibhaso egameni lakhe. NgoFebruwari 1940, sele CPC wagqiba ukuseka ikhulu lamawaka engange Prize (isidanga 1), ngamashumi omahlanu amawaka (isidanga-2), kunye engange amabini anesihlanu amawaka (Grade 3) ukulungiselela imisebenzi engcono zoncwadi (iprozi, izibongo, idrama, ukuhlalutya uncwadi) kwakunye ukuhambela phambili kwezinye iinkalo zobugcisa. Ukongeza, i-annual iimpawu ibhaso amanani abathe benza igalelo ekhethekileyo kwinzululwazi, inkcubeko, ubuchwepheshe kunye nokucwangciswa kwimveliso.

Ngowe-1941 Stalin Prize yanikwa abaphumelele yokuqala. Bhala phantsi ukuba inani imbasa Prize Stalin waba SV Ilyushin, lo moya odumileyo, izihlandlo zibe sixhenxe kuphawulwa ingqalelo ekhethekileyo yinkokeli. amaxesha amathandathu wafumana bhanya ibhaso Yu. A. Rayzman kunye I. A. umbhali Pyrev K. Simonov, moya ingcibi A. S. Yakovlev, umqambi S. S. Prokofev kunye nabanye. Actress Marina Ladynina kunye Alla Tarasova waba ixesha ezintlanu winner Stalin Prize.

iziko

Stalin Prize USSR (ekuqaleni ekuthiwa Stalin Prize) yasekwa yimimiselo ezimbini. Twentieth Disemba 1939 Abantu Commissars wathi: amabhaso zonyaka elinesithandathu le kuStalin (100 amawaka) ibhaso of Science nobuGcisa umsebenzi obalaseleyo kwiinkalo: yobugcisa, ngokwasemzimbeni kunye zemathematika, eziphilayo, imichiza, zonyango, ezolimo, uqoqosho, bulumko, ezomthetho kunye zembali philological Sciences, ukupeyinta, umculo, ukukrola, yeqonga, ubugcisa, izakhiwo, cinema.

Ngaba yasekwa amabhaso elishumi isidanga sokuqala, amashumi amabini - yesibini amathathu - degree yesithathu fyabo ilungileyo, kunye ezintathu ibhaso isidanga sokuqala, ezintlanu - neshumi yesibini - degree wesithathu impumelelo ebalaseleyo entsimini yolwazi emkhosini. Isigwebo eyahlukileyo ababhali, nto leyo inikezelwa qho ngonyaka yi-Stalin Prize, wenziwa ngoFebruwari 1940, yaye wabonisa ukuba ezine Abaphumelele ibhaso lokuqala wokuthembela kuzo zonke hlobo lomsebenzi zoncwadi: iprozi, imibongo, ukuhlalutya uncwadi, idrama.

utshintsho

Ubungakanani Stalin ngo engange kunye nenani laureates ziye zaguquka izihlandlo ezininzi, yaye ungaze ukunciphisa, kwelinye icala - endaweni enye oyiphumeleleyo isidanga sokuqala, umzekelo, ngo-1940 yaba emithathu kudidi ngalunye. Ngowe-1942 Prize (isidanga sokuqala) landile ukuya elinamanci amabini lamawaka engange. Ukongeza, i esitsha ngo-1949 - International "Ngenxa ekomelezeni uxolo phakathi kwezizwe". Isasaze intlawulo ngqo CPC, apho ad iikomiti ezimbini yethutyana zadalwa: omnye asebenza lokunikezela amabhaso kwezenzululwazi, ulwazi emkhosini nezi, kwaye eyesibini babandakanyeka uncwadi nobugcisa.

Okokuqala waphawula imisebenzi emitsha kuphela eziye zagqitywa kuloo nyaka uthile. Abafaki-zicelo kuza kuphothulwa umsebenzi wabo ngexesha emva phakathi Oktobha, yawa kwizintlu kunyaka olandelayo. Ngoko ke amagama sele zihlaziyiwe, yaye abaphumeleleyo ingaba abantu esikufumanayo ibhaso ngenxa yomsebenzi kule iminyaka emithandathu okanye esixhenxe yokugqibela. Ngoko ke, umvuzo imbasa Stalin ngokwabo iimeko zivuma. Ubungqina abaninzi zibonisa ukuba Stalin wadlala indima ngqo kwi ukwabiwa amabhaso egameni lakhe (kunye nezimali zazo), ngamanye amaxesha isigqibo phantse single-handedly.

ukususwa

Emva kokufa kukaStalin, le ukuthanda alafunyanwa, ngoko ke iintlawulo ncwadi ayikwazi ingasetyenziswa ukukhuthaza abaphumeleleyo. Emva 1954, Stalin Prize yaphela. Bandula beza iphulo edume ukuphelisa ukunqulwa yinkokeli.

Ngowe-1956, i-Prize Lenin yamiselwa, owathatha phezu Stalin. Stalin Prize emva 1966 batshintsha diploma kunye iibheji yekhethelo. Nkqu igama itshintshile lonke azimiseleyo, encyclopedia reference iincwadi Stalin yabizwa ngokuba USSR State Prize. Ulwazi malunga abaphumeleleyo yaye bothukile kwaye imvukelo.

yokwahlukana kwamagunya

Kwakukho enesisombululo esikhethekileyo ye CPC kwi usasazo olulinganayo yebhaso phakathi nxaxheba eziliqela kumsebenzi olusetyenziselwe wona yanikezelwa. Ukuba ibhaso abantu ababini (co-ababhali), isixa sahlukana ngokulinganayo. Kunikezelo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo: intloko ke ufumana isiqingatha kunye beqonga ezimbini - phezu ikota lilonke. Ukuba abantu abaninzi, umphathi ufumana wesithathu, kwaye abanye kohlulwa ngokulinganayo kweli qela.

Ophumelele yokuqala iBhaso Stalin e Physics - P. L. Kapitsa, izibalo - A. N. Kolmogorov, ibhayoloji - T. D. Lysenko, amayeza - A. A. Bogomolets, VP Filatov, NN Burdenko ngenxa yokwakheka - V. A. Obruchev, waphawula ukuba fyabo, eyaziwa gunsmith V. A. Degtyarov, ngomhla aviakonstruirovaniyu - SA Lavochkin, ngenxa yokudweba - AM Gerasimov, ukukrola - V. I. Muhina.

UMyili isikhululo metro "eKiev" yaye "Komsomolskaya" umyili D. Chechulin kwakhona imbasa Prize Stalin. AN uTolstoy bayifumana ukuba le ncwadi "UPetros Enkulu", M. A. Sholohov - kuba inoveli "nenzolo aqukuqela i Don", njengoko ekuchubekeni NF Pogodin yabonakala emva imveliso lomdlalo "Le ndoda iphethe umpu."

Njengoko imisebenzi kuxoxwe

umsebenzi yokugcina Scientific ekuxoxwe ngazo ngaphambili kunye nokubandakanyeka izazinzulu ezobuchwepheshe ezifanelekileyo, iikhomishini neengcali ingcali yaye yonke amaziko lwenzululwazi-uphando. Ke uqikelelo, epheleleyo ngakumbi nebanzi kwanyanzeliswa isigwebo olukhethekileyo Abantu Commissars USSR.

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, abameli amaziko ophando kunye nemibutho izazinzulu abeza kwiintlanganiso zeKomiti. Izigqibo zenziwa bavote balloting mfihlakalo.

ibheji iMbeko

kaNobel ngalinye emva kokuba efumene ibhaso kuba irenki olufanelekileyo uphawu yekhethelo Stalin Prize, leyo kwafuneka ukuba kunxitywa kwicala lasekunene ecaleni uMyalelo. It senziwa esilivere ngokohlobo elimbhoxo khaxa kunye lwawo ezimhlophe kunye erhangqwe ngowakhe ezantsi yegolide. Wayesebenzisa uvezwa sunrise - reyi zegolide, wagaleleka kuyo phezulu ekhazimlayo inkwenkwezi wayesebenzisa ezibomvu kunye nongqameko ngegolide. Umbhalo ngoonobumba zegolide funda: "Stalin Prize winner".

Phezulu elimbhoxo ebunjiweyo iribhoni incence of wayesebenzisa eluhlaza elintlangothi gilt, apho kubhalwe "USSR". Isilivere kunye imbasa ngegolide engathi ngumfanekiswana, apho entunjeni icici wajoyina umqondiso yekhethelo, labhalwa futhi phezu kwawo labekwa Amanani Arabic Unyaka Award. Ukupapashwa koonondaba malunga abaphumeleleyo kulo nyaka, wayesoloko ebonakala ngoDisemba 21 - lokuzalwa I. V. Stalina.

impi

Kwiminyaka eyoyikekayo yemfazwe, eli bhaso yazinyusa nayo bazibalula njengoko zizifundiswa abasebenza kunanini na ngaphambili - in ukudubuleka enamandla amanyathelo lobuzwe nohlala ekho. oosonzululwazi Soviet, ezintsha, abacebi babeyazi ukuba ngoku umsebenzi wabo ilizwe kufuneka ngaphezu ngexesha uxolo. Naxa 1941 nayo impumelelo ezinkulu nezazi phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi.

Yoshishino ngokutsha kwisiseko imfazwe, ukuba nokwandisa izibonelelo eziphathekayo ekrwada, amandla emveliso zanda. Stalin Prize of the isidanga sokuqala yanikezelwa kwiqela lezifundiswa elikhokelwa nguMongameli we-USSR V. L. Komarova, ngubani uphando yaye liphuhlise indlela yophuhliso woshishino Urals - le yokunyibilikisa isinyithi omnyama, amandla, izinto zokwakha nayo yonke enye into. Isiphumo ibe ukwanda kakhulu zemveliso zonke iindidi zamashishini.

Abaninzi wenza ND Zelinsky for chemistry ukuzithethelela. Kwakhona bazukiswa le mbasa. UNjingalwazi MV Keldysh kunye Umviwa ka-Technical Sciences E. Grossman wayesebenzela kuyilo moya eSoviet: yaqulunqa thiyori intlokoma elastic beze indlela yobalo-moya enomoya, ngenxa apho bawongwa i Stalin Prize of isidanga 2.

Dmitri winky

EngeKenziwa kwi amandla okudala umqambi phambi kokukhutshwa ngobungxamo wabhala yakhe edumileyo "Seventh Symphony" kwi iLeningrad ongqingiweyo. Lo msebenzi ngoko nangoko yaba ubuncwane umculo yehlabathi. Ukoyisa nobuntu, ukukulungela ukulwa ukuze ekufeni kunye nemikhosi omnyama, inyaniso olungagungqiyo, savakala zonke qaphela, ndizuze ingqalelo lonke kanye kunye bonke. Ngowe-1942, lo msebenzi kwaba Stalin Prize isidanga sokuqala.

Dmitri winky - nkqu izihlandlo ezithathu winner Stalin Prize ngaphandle kuqala; kuba Trio elikhulu 1946 - Prize udidi kuqala, uze emva koko - isihloko Artist Abantu ngayo RSFSR, ngowe-1950, zaye zanikwa i Stalin Prize of ngokuzalana oratorio kwakhe "Ingoma of the Amahlathi" kwi ndinyana Dolmatovski kunye umculo for the film "Ukuwa Berlin". Ngowe-1952 wafumana omnye Stalin Prize bolwesibini udidi ukuba banazo ukuze choir.

kaFaina Ranevskaya

Iminyaka emininzi babesebenza yintandane uluntu, hayi edlalwe movie okanye indima enkulu. Le umdlali abanetalente kakhulu. Stalin Prize yena abangafumani izihlandlo ezithathu: kabini ngokuzalana kunye nexesha elinye - owesithathu.

Ngowe-1949 - indima yomfazi Losev kwi 'Act of Imbeko "Stein (Moscow Drama Theatre), ngo-1951 - kuba indima uAgrippina kwi' Breaking Dawn phezu eMoscow" Suvorov (yeqonga efanayo), kulo nyaka - kuba indima Frau Wurst "banalo iphandle" zefilimu. Enyanisweni, nayiphi na indima eyenziwa kaFaina, ayikwazanga kunikwa imbeko ukusukela ezakudala ye cinema Soviet ukuba becala wadala kwaye oku actress, winner Stalin Prize. Ekuhambeni kwexesha layo kuye mkhulu, kwaye ngoku mhlawumbi akukho mntu ayiyazi igama lakhe.