Inkundla Mandulo eRashiya: Pskov yezeeJaji Charter

Pskov yezeeJaji Charter - umthetho aphakathi memo edumileyo, kusithiwa eyasekwa Pskov ngo-1397 (olu lwazi idweliswe kwi xwebhu). Ichaza imeko umthetho Russian kwi inkqubo yenkundla yase-mthetho yelo xesha. Emva kokufunda oko, uyakwazi ukufunda malunga nezo ezininzi kwetyala amanyathelo okanye isohlwayo izicelo ukunyhashwa ezithile.

Pskov yezeeJaji Charter: isishwankathelo jikelele

Olu xwebhu yahlulwe ezimbini eziphambili, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, kuba namacandelo eziliqela. Inxalenye yokuqala unikezelwa enkundleni, idwelisa iintlobo zayo, chaza indlela kwetyala, inkcazo ubungqina kunye nemirhumo enkundleni.

Kwinxalenye yesibini iqulathe ulwazi yolwaphulo-mthetho, ityala kunye nelifa imithetho, urhwebo kunye izivumelwano.

Makhe sihlolisise ezona zinto umdla.

nhlawulo

Nezohlwayo eziwiswe ngenxa yokuphanga, ukulwa, ubusela, Ukuphanga nokubulala. Isimbuku semali zixhomekeke isimo somntu; ngokuba Boyar waye engange amahlanu "umntu zhitego" - amabini, nokuba "umntu molodshego" - ezilishumi.

yokuthengisa (a omhle Knyazhye Treasury),: Kukho iindidi ezintathu nezohlwayo okhankanywe yi Pskov yezeeJaji Charter na imbuyekezo kwixhoba okanye izalamane kunye nemirhumo enkundleni. Isixa-mali lalilikhulu ngokwaneleyo ukulungiselela ixesha - abantu abahluphekayo rhoqo njengoko kwakungekho mali, nto leyo ibeka nabo inceba seziqingatha etyebileyo abemi: abarhwebi, iingangamsha, ababolekisa.

ulwaphulo-mthetho karhulumente

Olu xwebhu ikhankanya uluhlu ingakumbi izenzo ezimbi elichasene nombuso. Oku uMbuso, ehlasela iholo yamaziko yenkundla vzyatnichestvo, banithukayo ligosa. Bonke bephela Babesoblwaya ngempumelelo kakhulu - isohlwayo sentambo.

Ngokuba izono ngaphantsi kakhulu bekufanele omnye kuphela uhlobo isohlwayo - ezahlukeneyo fayini. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba umthetho mthetho kwi Pskov yezeeJaji Charter waba imbuyekezo ngaphezu sazela.

Forms Court

Inkundla amanene kunye nosodolophu

Ezi zikhundla zibini zihlobene: kungekho kubo nako kugweba ngaphandle phambi kwenye. Baba abameli imigaqo emibini - karhulumente Zemsky, ezibe ezinxulumene n'wina. Kwisakhono wenkundla kwaye tatba golovschina, kuphangwa, ukulwa kunye banditry.

Pskov abagwebi imbalo ucinga Kwimeko yokuqesha, mboleko, ilifa, ukuthenga, kwakunye ngabanikazi bomhlaba. Kule nkqubo, yena inganga.

Episcopal UmMeli esiva amatyala ngabefundisi nabo balo-Ofisi Church. Ukususela amanani zehlabathi kuwo ipolisa ezimbini, oqeshwe yiNkampani. Litigation nabantu wempangelo Icawa Episcopal umfundisi kunye zezithili abagwebi.

Enebala bratchiny ukusombulula iimbambano kunye namatyala evela emthendelekweni Bratchina. INkundla kwenziwa prince lonyulwe emthendelekweni, nabagwebi ngokusekelwe amasiko womthonyama. isigqibo sakhe ukuba bathobele kuphela abo banela, ngoxa abanye yenza isimangalo kwinkundla jikelele.

Enkundleni seSigqeba, zonke izigqibo ezithathwayo kuphela lonke uluntu. Inkulu kunye irhuluneli ukuba akuvumelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, kuxwebhu ngayo ayitsho ukuba uhlobo izinto awazibonayo. Kungenzeka, baxoxa iingxaki ezinxulumene yonke isixeko kwakunye nabo bonke ababesebeqabuke ukuba kusonjululwe ngezinye iindlela.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba Pskov yezeeJaji Charter ifikelele imihla yethu, hayi ngokupheleleyo, kodwa izikhewu ezinkulu, nangoku isebenza njengomthombo eyodwa kuphela mimiselo zomthetho indleko yexesha lakhe, kodwa ke kubomi bemihla amacandelo ezininzi labemi, ekubhekiswe kuyo kuxwebhu.