PD-14 - injini. injini Turbofan: izinto ezintsha

Kutshanje, njengenxalenye nokuvavanywa kweelebhu-IL 76LL waqalisa, apho kuvavanywa PD-14 - injini, egqalwa yinguqu ebalulekileyo kule minyaka engamashumi amathathu zoPhapho zasekhaya. Kutheni? Kukho izizathu ezininzi.

concept

PD-14 - injini isizukulwana sesihlanu phakathi injini turbojet. It is a uyilo enzima apho iphunyezwe nosisombululo esiphezulu zobunjineli. Fumana ubuncinane nencakuba injini ejikelezayo kumaza yeenguqu elinesibini lamawaka ngomzuzu kwi. Ngelo xesha nye izenzo ngamandla centrifugal iitoni elinesibhozo. iincakuba turbine bantu banamathuba asixhenxe.

Njani ukuba kwaqala

Le mbono ukwenza injini wabonakala ekuqalekeni ezimbini sewaka JSC "Aircraft injini". Ixesha elide yophuhliso ziye wafundela ukuba imveliso iinjini zeenkokheli zehlabathi ngelo xesha zahlalutywa njengoko umoya kunye moya kusetyenziswa. Nangona market Russian labavelisi amazwe waphuphuma yonke into. Siwela injini nzima kunye zasekhaya. Ngoko, ababhekisi phambili yaba umsebenzi onzima, hayi nje kuphela ukufikelela kwinqanaba iinkokeli zehlabathi, kodwa lidlule ubugcisa ezikhoyo, kwakunye ukwenza moya lwasekhaya nokhuphiswano kokusingqongileyo, ixabiso kunye indices iindleko. Kucacile ukuba ukuze kuphunyezwe umsebenzi onjalo kwakungelula.

Kungoko ke kwaye kwagqitywa ekubeni usebenzise zonke iingenelo amashishini zasekhaya kunye namaziko ophando ukuvelisa iinjini.

Ingcamango ephambili yale projekthi ukudala igesi generator mihla ukuba loo parameters, ngokusekelwe wona kangangoko ukuqhubeka phambili nokwakha iinjini kwamandla ezahlukeneyo. Ngaloo nto ezifakwe moya ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye ezisentlabathini izixhobo kuyo - kwizityalo amandla kofakelo afakwe igesi. Le Umvelisi gas ibandla zinzima ne motor ombane aphezulu. Kwakungenxa ubunye yakhe ingxaki isonjululwe kwilungiselelo kwimveliso series ngenxa kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo. Ngelo xesha yehla kakhulu ixabiso ngalinye onobuhle elizayo. Zonke izixhobo kunye nobuchwepheshe uyilo abazange ngaphandle (yaye okunene ayaba nako, kwanokuba kwavela umnqweno kuba idatha yimfihlo kwaye ziyachazwa), yaza yavelisa eRashiya.

Ukuba yimfihlo

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ukongeza kwiinkampani Russian ukwakha iinjini jet kobugcisa isizukulwana esitsha zifumaneka kuphela eUnited States, France neBritani. Kubonakala ukuba babe inani elincinci lamazwe ngaphezu kwabo ilifa izixhobo zenyukliya yaye bayakwazi ukuqalisa satellites emajukujukwini. ETshayina, umzekelo, iminyaka emininzi izama ukuze baphumelele kule nkalo. Yena lula ukwazi ukukopisha zasekhaya Su-27, kodwa injini AL-31F, kwaye ngokunjalo wahlala ayifumaneki. Ngoko ke, eli lizwe sisasetyenziswayo ngenkani ukuthenga injini sele akukho mihla eRashiya. Kungenxa yoko le nto uphuhliso kule ndawo bathe ngurhulumente.

Intsebenziswano developers kunye nabenzi

Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba, ebe uceba ukusebenzisa le projekthi, ixhaswa ingcamango. Ngowe-2006, ukuba utyikitye protocol kwi liyalele, apho kamva waba isiseko ngentsebenziswano elizayo.

Iphulo umzuzile kunye nenkxaso karhulumente. Le projekthi ngokuba "PD-14." I-injini waqala ukuphuhlisa kwi JSC "Aircraft Engine", yaye isivuno JSC "MC UEC". Ukongeza iinkampani ezinkulu ekuphunyezweni kubandakanya inani lamashishini aphambili injini eyama amaziko yesebe kunye namaziko ka-Russian Academy of Sciences.

production yolunye

PD-14 - Turbofan injini enxulumene turbojet, kuhlatywa iitoni ezili-14. Kujongwe ukuba kufakelwe-moya MS-21 (ukuba zibalwa kwinani abakhweli ukusuka ikhulu elinamanci mathathu ukuya ikhulu elinamanci asibhozo), nto leyo eza kugunyaziswa ngo-2017. Ngoko ke injini moya kudala synchronously ne MS 21 ngokwayo.

Ukuba projekthi usebenzisa ekuthiwa-Gate-technology. Ekupheleni kwesigaba ngasinye ikhutshwa phandle ehambelana uviwo, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba leengcali - abameli yonke imibutho. Ngale ndlela, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukulawula ixesha ukwenza utshintsho size siphephe iimpazamo kunokwenzeka.

Into entsha injini

Isiseko sabekwa izisombululo classical, kwinto ukuwuphumeza ukuthembeka kwabo ekuphuhlisweni PD-14. I-injini ngexesha elifanayo iqulethe uyilo lwale mihla kunye nobugcisa. Used, ezifana nickel kunye titanium superalloys, nto leyo kufikelelwe parameters ezinqwenelekayo. Ngoko, ababhekisi phambili Russian wenza uvale qualitative ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha, apho injini moya ibe ngcono kuzo zonke izalathisi ezingundoqo.

Ngaloo ndlela, ukusetyenziswa yamafutha kuncitshiswa elinambini ukuya elinesithandathu ekhulwini. Ukuqaliswa kwe Polymer izixhobo ezijongeneyo eziphuculiweyo eziphango isandi nokuncipha ubunzima injini. iintlobo ezintsha zokwenza izinto, kukho malunga namashumi amabini.

kwizinga eliphezulu ifunyanwa ngokuvelisa elinesithandathu ubugcisa lusetyenziswayo. Ngaphambilana injini zange uyisebenzise. Ngoko ke, ngoku kukho uphuhliso esebenzayo kunye nokwaziswa yabo imveliso.

Ngo-2012, ukwenzela ukuba ukubonisa injini kunye nezisombululo zeteknoloji kunye noyilo lowu, sele kudlule ngempumelelo iimvavanyo esitulweni le yokubonisa injini-technology. iziphumo ezigqwesileyo ethe kwi Acoustics, ukukhutshwa kunye obizwa.

I-injini PD-14 nokubalulwa airworthy zabo obuvunyiweyo usebenzisa isiqinisekiso ekhethekileyo izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ibhanki data, eyayibhalwe izinto, iqulethe yonke inkcazelo malunga inqanaba lamandla noshowo, ukuba babuye. Zonke izinto bavavanywa kwiilebhu ekhethekileyo namhlanje.

Iinjongo zale projekthi

Uphuhliso iinjini sikhatshwa ezi njongo zilandelayo:

• iindleko zemveliso kwanciphisa;
• ekunciphiseni nokugcinwa kunye nokulungiswa iindleko;
• isiqiniseko ukusebenza kubakho indlela;
• ekunciphiseni amafutha;
• zokunciphisa umzimba;
• ekunciphiseni ingxolo ukukhutshwa kwezinto eziyingozi.

Kunye umsebenzi injini, wadala inkqubo elula leeyunithi emva kwenkonzo kwentengiso. Oku kuquka, ukongeza nokulungiswa nonxibelelaniseko nokugcinwa, izisombululo namalungiselelo, iwaranti kunye nenkonzo. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba le nkqubo phantse azikho kwa-ukubakho, njengoko imveliso yasekhaya-moya esebenza bit.

isiqinisekiso sempumelelo

isicelo sesiqinisekiso yangeniswa ngo-2013 ukuya PD-14, yaye ekupheleni kuka-2015 sele avavanywe.

Ngenxa yokuba le projekthi iyaphunyezwa liqela leenkampani kunye namaziko ophando, iqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwemali mali. Utyalo-mali kuphuhliso ekuphunyezweni kanye le projekthi, ivumela ukuba ukoyisa umsebenzi ongekenziwa, leyo iqatshelwe kushishino lweenqwelo yasekhaya zize zibeke isiseko kuphuhliso yayo engaphezulu.

Ukuphuhliswa kobugcisa ezintsha ngoku ayisasebenzi ingakumbi ishishini labucala liya kunceda ukuphelisa zonke iintlobo iimpazamo. Lonke uphuhliso ziya kuqaliswa kule projekthi elidume yimpumelelo. Bonke abathathi project kuqhubeka ukuzuza ngokuncama nezinye ii-odolo, leyo negates esichengeni.

PD 7, PD-10, PD-14 nxamnye PS0-90

I-injini yasekhaya kuphela, nto leyo lixhotyiswe moya eRashiya namhlanje PS-90A. Zonke ezinye aircraft zinamacandelo amazwe.

developers Project Siceba ukudlulisela kwixesha elizayo zonke iinqwelomoya Russian kwi Iimoto ezintsha zasekhaya.

PS-90A - injini turbofan. uhlobo Turbojet of PD-14 kusonjululwa iingxaki ezithe zabakho phambi injini jet, ezithintele ukusetyenziswa kwabo zoPhapho. Ingxaki ephambili kuxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni kwamafutha enkulu nengxolo enamandla. Kule projekthi entsha, ezi kunye neminye imiqobo iye yaphunyelelwa, esivumela injini ngoku ziya kusetyenziswa-moya yoluntu.

Usapho injini ziquka PD-14 kunye lokubolekwa PD-7 kokuba imoto ukuya 7900 eekhilogram, kunye PD-10 kunye injongo ukuya ku 9900 eekhilogram. Inguqulelo abanegunya PD-14M uyakwazi ukwandisa umgama moya njengoko bomthwalo, kwaye ngaphandle kwayo. Kwaye iya kuphunyezwa kunye amafutha kungancitshiswa ngama- ezilishumi elinesine ekhulwini xa kuthelekiswa abo okwangoku walidla injini turbofan.

Ezifunwayo kurhwebo lwasemakhaya nakwamanye amazwe

Ababhekisi phambili bene nentembelo epheleleyo iinjini Ukwanda PD-14 kwimarike lwangaphakathi elizayo. Phakathi moya ezintlanu akhuphisanayo osebenza kurhwebo lwasekhaya, i-MS-21 luncedo kakhulu inani abakhweli. Uyakwazi ukwenza abantu babengamakhulu amabini, anashumi-nye linababini. Makhe thelekisa: 737 ithwala abakhweli 189 kuphela, yaye zibubone-CS300 - nje 135. Ukongeza, ukwandisa umthamo ezithwalwayo, uwele kunye nezitulo. Oku kuya kulungiselela nokukhawulezisa ekulayisheni inkqubo kunye ukothula abakhweli.

Enye inzuzo okuphawulekayo ixabiso eliphantsi-moya. Ukuba moya ekhaya, ukuba ezona ngaphakathi injini, kubalulekile iidola asixhenxe-kwezigidi ezisibhozo, 737, umzekelo, iindleko kwiinkampani phantse omnye elinamanci kwezigidi ezisixhenxe kunye zibubone-CS300 - asibhozo million.

Ke ukuba kukhululwe elizayo MS-21 kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe, akukho kude ikamva akunakuqinisekiswa. Othengayo kuphela yokwenene langaphandle yinkampani Malaysian, sele wayalela moya ezingamashumi amabini anesihlanu.

Phakathi kwiinkampani zasekhaya yayala moya:

• "Aeroflot" - amashumi mahlanu;
• "Veb-Leasing" - mathathu;
• "Ilyushin Finance" - mabini anesibhozo;
• "Sberbank Leasing" - mabini;
• "IrAero" - ezilishumi.

Isibakala sokuba inkampani neyethu, yaye angaphandle ude ekuthengeni MS-21 bangathungelana nkqu iimvavanyo ezingaphelelanga. Ukongeza, kukho nengxaki yokusilela kwenkqubo eziphuhlileyo yenkonzo emva intengiso moya.

Noko ke, uMongameli we-Russian Federation Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin kwinkomfa cofa ekupheleni kuka-2015 ekugqityweni kweprojekthi ekuthiwa PD-14 ka-siganeko ubalulekileyo Russian sakhiwo injini ukususela yee- zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, waza wavakalisa intembelo yokuba iinjini lethu elitsha liya Zizigqithile nucleoside amazwe.

Ngoko ke, sinesizathu ukuqikelela impumelelo dvigatele- kunye moya zokwakha zasekhaya.