Kwabanye - iplanethi ka-8 emgceni ukusuka elangeni. anika umdla

Kwabanye - iplanethi, elesibhozo ukusuka elangeni. Kwezinye iindawo, orbit sinqumla komzila iPluto. Yintoni iplanethi Neptune? Lingcwaba lomfo kudidi Anaki. uphawu iinkwenkwezi - J.

parameters

Kwabanye iplanethi enkulu isindululo malunga ilanga ivelise nokujikeleza okweqanda kufutshane setyhula. ubude radius angu 24.750. Eli nani ngokuphindwe kane kunobelizwe Umhlaba. Own ukujikeleza rate-langa akakhawulezi kangangokuba ubude bemini kukho iiyure 17.8.

Iplanethi weNeptune kweLanga isuswe ngu-4.5 billion kweekhilomitha, ngoko, ifika into ekuthethwa ngaphezulu kancinane iiyure ezine ukukhanya.

Nangona lexinene koko weNeptune phantse izihlandlo ezithathu ngaphantsi kunolo komhlaba (kuba 1,67 g / cc), ubunzima baso amaxesha 17.2 ngaphezulu. Oku kungenxa ezinkulu ubungakanani planethi.

Awohluke zesakhiwo, isakhiwo kunye kwiimeko

Kwabanye and Uranus - izijikelezi, ezo zisekelwe iigesi pyatnadtsatiprotsentnym waphilisa equlethe hydrogen kunye encinci helium. Izazinzulu ukugcina ukuba ngxilimbela iblue akukho isakhiwo ecacileyo yangaphakathi. Eyona makube ke yinto yokuba ngaphakathi weNeptune elingumongo oxineneyo omncinane.

Gqaba-gqaba ngendlela planethi ibandakanya hydrogen kunye helium methane kunye ukungcola ezincinane. Kwabanye akholisa ukubakho isaqhwithi esikhulu, Ngaphezu koko, luphawulwa eddies kunye yimimoya enamandla kuye. Kuvuthelwa lokugqibela kwicala ntshonalanga, isantya wayo ukufikelela ukuya ku 2200 km / h.

Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba uqina yokumpompoza namazinga planethi kunyuka njengoko umgama ukusuka elangeni. Ingcaciso yale ndlela ayifumanekanga okwangoku. Ngenxa imifanekiso ezithathwe kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa emoyeni kwabanye kaThixo, ithuba ukuba siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha emafini. Kanye njengokuba uSaturn okanye kaZeyus, le planethi i nobushushu lwangaphakathi. Uyakwazi ukuba kukhutshwe amandla ngokuphindwe kathathu ngaphezulu kunoko wamkela lilanga.

inyathelo Giant phambili

Ngokutsho amaxwebhu zembali, uGalileo wabona nguNeptune 28.12.1612 ngonyaka. Okwesibini, wakwazi ukuba bagcine elingaziwa sezijikelezi 29.01.1613 Kuzo zombini ezi meko, izazinzulu kuthatha umhlaba kuba inkwenkwezi elimisiweyo, leyo ngokusebenzisana Jupiter. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-ukufunyanwa weNeptune Galileo yena owenza.

Yaye yasekwa ngo 1612 ixesha kuhlola, iplanethi kwindawo ukuma, kwaye kanye ngosuku xa uGalileo kuqala wambona, waya isindululo retrograde. Le nkqubo yathi kwimeko xa umhlaba ujikeleza wayo uphambili planethi. Ekubeni kwabanye wayengekho kude ukusuka kwindawo ukuma, intshukumo wakhe ndandibuthathaka kakhulu ukuze ukwazi ukubona ngokwaneleyo iteleskopu uGalileo ngokungqongqo.

Ngowe-1781, iHerschel wakwazi ukufumana Uranus. Abaphandi ke ngoko abalwe yoMgaqo orbit yayo. Ngokusekelwe kwezi data, iHerschel wagqiba ukuba ubukho anomaly eliyimfihlakalo isindululo yento isithuba; kuba ngaphambi kokuyilwa, uze uhlale naye. Le nyaniso ukuba bacinga ukuba IUranus enye iplanethi, ngumxhuzulane buyayigqwetha necala eya ngakulo.

Ngowe-1843, Adams wakwazi ukubala komzila zeplanethi twisiseka yesibhozo ukuze achaze utshintsho komzila Uranus. Ulwazi malunga nomsebenzi wabo, izazinzulu wathumela ke ngeenkwenkwezi ukumkani - George, enomoya .. Kungekudala yafika ileta kwimpendulo kunye nesicelo ukunika kucaciswa eminye imiba. Adams waqalisa ukwenza imizobo efunekayo, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile andibathumanga umyalezo kwaye asilonyathelo umsebenzi kakhulu kulo mbandela.

ukufunyanwa ekhawulezileyo planet kwabanye ngenxa yemigudu Le Verrier, Galle kunye d'Aro. 09.23.1846 ngonyaka, ukuba data ekhoyo malunga nendlela yokusebenza iziqalelo komzila into efunekayo, bayibeka ukusebenza ukumisela indawo ngqo ze into twisiseka. Ngobusuku yokuqala imigudu yabo jize ngempumelelo. Ukufunyanwa kwe umhlaba kwabanye ngexesha ekuthiwa ngokoyisa ubucukubhede izikhakhamela.

Ukukhetha igama

Emva kokufunyanwa bakaRafa baqalisa ukucinga ukuba yintoni na igama ukuba ayinike. Le ukhetho lokuqala yaphakanyiswa yi uJohann Galle. Wayefuna ukuba christen kude into isithuba UJanus uthixo, engumqondiso isiqalo nesiphelo kwi yamandulo kwiintsomi yamaRoma, kodwa lo gama nje ndi kakhulu. ufudumele kwakuphendulwa isithembiso Struve - umlawuli we-Pulkovo Observatory. inguqulo yakhe - kwabanye - yaye baba lokugqibela. I-asayinimenti ingangumsebenzi wesakhono igama olusemthethweni iplanethi enkulu kuphelisa iimpikiswano ezininzi kunye ngasonye.

Njani iimbono weNeptune

kwiminyaka Baku eyadlulayo, ulwazi malunga isigebenga blue ezahlukeneyo ukususela namhlanje. Nangona yokuba wayesazi kwexesha sidereal kunye synodic wokujikelezisa ujikeleza ilanga ngokwentelekiso kakuhle, phezu utyekelo-ikhweyitha ukuya moya Orbital, iinkcukacha zikhona, ngaphantsi azichazwa ngqo. Ngenxa yoko, ubunzima somhlaba liqikelelwa kwi-17,26 endaweni 17.15 radius lokwenene yaye sentshinyela - ngo-3,89, 3.88 kungekhona iplanethi yethu. Ngokumalunga ixesha obalaseleyo revolution jikelele axis, kwakukholelwa ukuba 15 h. 8 imiz., Yiyiphi na ngaphantsi yokwenene imizuzu mahlanu.

kwakhona kwezinye nezinye iparameters baba kakuhle. Ngokomzekelo, phambi kokuba "Voyager 2" sisondela abanjengoNeptune, kangangoko kunokwenzeka, bekucingelwa ukuba lo mhlaba otsalayo planethi kuyafana kuqwalaselo emhlabeni. Enyanisweni, oku kufana ngendlela ekuthiwa-rotator bethana.

A bit of resonances Orbital

Kwabanye uyakwazi ukuphembelela mgama olukhulu kuyo Kuiper Belt. Le yokugqibela imelwe ijikazi iiplanethi ezincinane enomkhenkce efanayo ibhanti asteroid phakathi Jupiter noMars, kodwa ubukhulu enkulu kakhulu. Kuiper umbhinqo uphantsi kweempembelelo elikhulu amandla omxhuzulane kwabanye Umtsalane, ngenxa izikhewu wamfikela kwisakhiwo.

Umzila izinto eziqhutyelwa kummandla uthe ixesha elide, ngoko-ebizwa livakale iseti wempangelo kunye kweneptune. Kwiimeko ezithile, eli xesha enokuthelekiseka kunye nexesha inkqubo elanga.

Kwabanye zone uzinzo omxhuzulane ekuthiwa amanqaku आयडेंटीफिकेशन iSazisi. Bathi iplanethi ibamba inani elikhulu seTrojan izijikelezi-ezifana ngokutsala lonke komzila.

Iimpawu yesakhelo sangaphakathi

Kule nkalo, ezifana nguNeptune kunye Uranus. Kwi-akhawunti umoya malunga amabini ekhulwini sobunzima umhlaba ethathelwa ingqalelo. Ukusondela undoqo, kungona uxinzelelo. Eliphezulu lemali - malunga 10 uTsvangirai. Kwiingcamba asezantsi atmosfera lamanani yamanzi, ammonia methane.

Iziqalelo isakhiwo yangaphakathi weNeptune:

• Amafu aphezulu kunye emoyeni.
• Umoya akhiwa hydrogen, helium methane.
• Ingubo (ice methane, ammonia, amanzi).
• Rock-ice engundoqo.

iimpawu sezulu

Omnye umahluko ukusuka abanjengoNeptune IUranus iqondo lomsebenzi zemozulu. Ngokutsho data efunyenwe isixhobo "Voyager 2", imozulu kwi ingxilimbela blue iyatshintsha rhoqo kwaye kakhulu.

Kwaba lula ukubona i iziphango inkqubo enamandla kakhulu kunye imimoya ukuba bafikelele isantya nokuba kwi-600 m / s - phantse supersonic (uninzi lwabo usiya kwicala malunga abanjengoNeptune ukujikeleza ngeenxa axis yayo).

Ngo-2007, kwatyhilwa ukuba lo eziFihliweyo eliphezulu, kwipali ngasezantsi izinyuko ezilishumi Celsius-langa kunomzimba kwezinye iindawo, apho ubushushu imalunga -200 ° C. Lo mahluko kwanele methane kwezinye imimandla inxalenye engentla umoya evuzayo emajukujukwini pole emzantsi. Oku kubangela "spot ashushu" kuba sisiphumo yezihlunu ukuthambeka of pole blue ezinkulu uMzantsi le minyaka imashumi mane umhlaba ejongene nelanga. Njengoko inkqubela ecothayo kwi komzila weNeptune kwelinye icala of pole wathi wasezantsi sezijikelezi kancane ngokupheleleyo kungena izithunzi. Ngoko ke, kwabanye uzalisa yakho Sun North Pole. Ngenxa yoko, indawo woyekelelo methane kwisithuba edakasa kule nxalenye yale planethi.

"Ukuhambisana" isigebenga

Kwabanye - iplanethi, leyo, ngenxa data namhlanje, satellites ezisibhozo. Phakathi kwabo, enye enkulu, amathathu aphakathi kunye ezine ezincinane. Makhe siqwalasele ezintathu inkulu.

ntulo

Lelona satellite inkulu, nto leyo eye iplanethi enkulu Neptune. Kuye kwavulwa nguWilliam Lassell ngo-1846. Triton zisuswe abanjengoNeptune 394 700 km, embindini ngu-1600 km. Njengoko kulindelekile, iye umoya. Ngu ubungakanani injongosenzi kufutshane eNyangeni. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, ngokuthinjwa weNeptune Triton yaba planet elizimeleyo.

nereid

Kuyinto inyanga yesibini inkulu planethi ethathelwa ingqalelo. Kwi-avareji, luthe lwancothulwa evela kwabanye yezigidi 6.2 km. Radius Nereid - 100 km, kwaye ubukhulu - kabini. Ukuze wenze revolution enye ngeenxa abanjengoNeptune, ukuba satellite kufuneka iintsuku 360, oko kukuthi phantse ngunyaka Umhlaba. Ukufunyanwa Nereid kwenzeka ngo-1949.

Proteus

Le iplanethi eyiyeyona inkulu wesithathu, hayi kuphela ubukhulu kodwa kumgama ukusuka kweneptune. Asikwazi ukuba Proteus kwezinye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo, kodwa izazinzulu wakhe bakhethe ukuba umfuziselo-ntathu interactive ngokusekelwe iifoto izixhobo "Voyager 2".

I-Hewana ezisele izijikelezi-langa ezincinane, apho inkqubo elanga enkulu.

Iimpawu zesifundo

Kwabanye - iplanethi leyo ngenxa Sun? Eighth. Ukuba uyazi ngqo apho le ngxilimbela, ungabona ukuba nkqu zizibonakude ezinamandla. Kwabanye kunzima kakhulu ukufunda umzimba cosmic. Oku kubangelwa kukuba loo nto kukhanye kakhulu kancinane ubukhulu wesibhozo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye Hewana ngentla - Triton - uye Ndileka magnitudes elinesine ngokulinganayo. Ukuze ufumane kwabanye ukuqhuba ukunyuka ezinkulu ezifunekayo ukuba isicelo.

Iziphekepheke "Voyager-2" unako ukufikelela into ezifana kweneptune. Planet (bona ifoto kwinqaku) wathabatha kulala kwi Umhlaba ngo-Agasti 1989. Ngenxa idatha eqokelelwe kulo umkhombe, izazinzulu kufuneka ubuncinane ulwazi malunga nale into umangalisayo.

Idatha evela "Voyager"

Kwabanye - umhlaba, nto leyo yaba Great Dark Spot kwi kummandla ikhweyitha esemazantsi. Le nxalenye adumileyo into afunyenwe ngenxa kwisiphekepheke. Netoti itshatshazi lithe phantse kulingana Umhlaba. Yimimoya kwabanye ibangelwa ngesantya eliphezulu 300 m / s ngakwicala ntshonalanga.

Ngokutsho imigqaliselo HST (Hubble Space Telescope) kunyaka-1994, i-Great Dark Spot unyamalele. Kuthathwa ukuba okanye dissipated okanye ivaliwe kwezinye iinxalenye umoya. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, sibulela kweteleskopu "Hubble", wakwazi ukufumana kwindawo entsha, ebekwe sele kumntla ikhweyitha le planethi. Ngokusekelwe kule sinokugqiba ukuba abanjengoNeptune - iplanethi ogama umoya litshintsha ngokukhawuleza - ngenxa yezizathu ukungalingani ukukhanya obushushu aphantsi kunye amafu aphezulu.

Ngenxa "Voyager-2" wafumanisa ukuba into echazwe unalo ngomsesane. ubukho bawo phendla ngowe-1981, xa omnye iinkwenkwezi ngaphezu kwabanye. Neembono ezivela Umhlaba akazange azise japan kakhulu: jike kuphela betyhafile endaweni amakhonkco epheleleyo zibonakale. Ukunceda "Voyager 2" wabuya weza. Ngowe-1989, iyunithi imifanekiso oluneenkcukacha emakhonkcweni zenziwa. Omnye kubo isakhiwo umdla egobile.

Yintoni eyaziwayo magnetosphere

Kwabanye - wasendle-langa ngemagnethi nto ibonakaliswa ukusuka phezulu ukuya kunokuba engaqhelekanga. I-axis Imagnethi ityekele ngama-47 ukuya esqwini ujikelezo. On Earth, iya kubonakala yokuziphatha engaqhelekanga zekhampasi. Ngenxa yoko, i-North Pole iza kuba kumzantsi eMoscow. Enye into engaqhelekanga kukuba abanjengoNeptune ulingano Imagnethi axis udlula ngazo sesazulwini sayo.

Imibuzo ngaphandle iimpendulo

- Kutheni yimimoya kwabanye ngokungqongqo kunjalo, ngoxa kude kakhulu kwi eLangeni? Ukwenza iinkqubo ezifana nobushushu lwangaphakathi, ibekwe enzulwini planethi bayoyisakala ngokwaneleyo.

- Kutheni on site kukho ukunqongophala yeehidrojeni helium?

- Indlela yokwenza uphuhliso yeprojekthi akubizi kangako ngokupheleleyo ukuphonononga Uranus noNeptune usebenzisa kwisiphekepheke?

- Ngenxa yokuba zeziphi iinkqubo wabumba intsimi engaqhelekanga kazibuthe planethi?

uphando lwakutshanje

Yenza imifuziselo echanileyo abanjengoNeptune kunye Uranus ukuze nomfanekiso inkcazelo lokusekwa ngumkhenkce Anaki kwaba umsebenzi onzima. Ukucacisa nasekusungulweni iiplanethi ezimbini baye phambili inani elininzi yeengcinga. Ngokutsho komnye wabo, bobabini ngxilimbela wabonakala ngenxa kozinzo phakathi kwisiseko protoplanetary diski, yaye kamva baye ngokoqobo emoyeni kumiyo enkulu inkwenkwezi udidi radiation B okanye O.

Ngokutsho komnye ingqiqo, nguNeptune kunye Uranus walibumba iyelelene iLanga, apho ukuxinana umcimbi ingaphezulu, waza ke waya komzila yangoku. Lo mbono uye waba kunayo yonke, kuba umntu kukuza kukucacisela resonances ezikhoyo bhanti Kuiper.

kokuma

Kwabanye - Iplanethi eLangeni? Eighth. Kwaye akukho lula ukubona ngeliso lenyama. Isalathisi ubukhulu giant - phakathi +7,7 no +8,0. Ngenxa yoko, umbane eziluzizi ngaphezu izinto ezininzi yasezulwini, kuquka yiplanethi encinane Ceres, nelokuthwasa kwenyanga Jupiter kaThixo , yaye ezinye izijikelezi-langa ezincinane. Kuba umbutho nimana ophezulu umgangatho planethi kufuna telescope ubuncinane ezimakhulu mabini ulwando oluphindwe kwi sangqa 200-250 mm. Phambi 7x50 zizibonakude ezinkulu blue iya kuba obubonakalayo inkwenkwezi ityhafile.

Ukutshintsha ubukhulu emboxo yenjongosenzi indawo ayikhumbule kwimizuzwana 2.2-2.4 ye arc. Oku kungenxa kumgama enkulu kakhulu ukusuka Umhlaba yiplanethi Neptune. Facts sisicatshulwa kwakunzima kakhulu malunga nobume kumphezulu bakaRafa oluhlaza. Kuninzi iye yatshintsha ukususela kokufika ezinjengeetelescope isithuba "Hubble" kunye nezixhobo ezisekelwe emhlabeni-zinamandla, baxhotyiswa kunye yokukhanya encomekayo.

Uphawula planethi radio band lwabonisa ukuba abanjengoNeptune imele umthombo ezithile indalo engagunyaziswanga, kwakunye radiation oluqhubekayo. Zombini nesenzeko zicacisiwe yi batshintshana Imagnethi giant oluhlaza. Kwisiqalo abandayo kummandla infrared spectrum uchulumanco ibonakale ngokucacileyo ezinzulwini ojikeleze umhlaba ukuze ujikeleze kakuhle - ekuthiwa-isiphango. Bona eyenziwe sobushushu core ngezinto. Ngenxa yoko bakuqwalaseleyo uyakwazi ukubona ubungakanani nemilo ngokuchanekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngokunjalo ukulandelela intshukumo.

planet Mysterious Neptune. anika umdla

- Kuba phantse kwenkulungwane, le blue Isigebenga ingqalelo kakhulu zikude kwi Solar System. Nditsho kwafunyanwa iPluto akazange kuyitshintsha le nkolelo. Kwabanye - umhlaba oko ibhili? Eighth, kodwa hayi wokugqibela, lesithoba. Noko ke, maxa wambi Kukude inkwenkwezi yethu. Isibakala sokuba iPluto ine nokujikeleza evuthelweyo ukuba ngamanye amaxesha ngakumbi Sun ngaphezu komzila kweneptune. Isigebenga Blue wakwazi ukuba aphinde isimo sakhe njengoko umhlaba zikude. Kwaye zonke ngenxa yokuba iPluto wafudukela kudidi bezinto ezincinanana.

- Neptune inekhulu elincinci kunazo zonke kwiinqwelo ezine zegesi eziyaziwayo. Umzila we-equatorial radius ungaphantsi kwe-Uranus, uSaturn noJupiter.

"Njengamanye onke amaplanethi yegesi, iNeptune ayinayo indawo eqinile. Nangona i-spacecraft eyaphethwe ukuba ifike kuye, ayikwazi ukuhlala. Kunoko, kwakuza kuba nokubhaptizwa ngaphakathi kwiplanethi.

- Ubukhulu beNeptune buncinane ngaphezu komhlaba (ngo-17%). Ngenxa yoko, amandla okukhanga asebenza kwiiplanethi eziphantse zilingana.

- Ukuze uphenduke ilanga, iNeptune idinga iminyaka eyi-165 yomhlaba.

- Umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka weplanethi ichazwa yimigca enamandla kunaleyo yegesi njengemethane, ekhokelela ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo kwesiqhwaba.

Isiphelo

Ngenkqubo yokuhlola indawo, inxaxheba enkulu kakhulu yadlala ngokufunyanwa kweeplanethi. I-Neptune ne-Pluto, kunye nezinye izinto, zafunyanwa ngenxa yesigxina somsebenzi wabaninzi beenkwenkwezi. Oku kunokwenzeka, yintoni eyaziwayo kuluntu ngokusingqongileyo yincinci nje encinane yomfanekiso wangempela. I-cosmos iyimfihlelo enkulu, kwaye kuya kuthatha iinkulungwane ezininzi ukuyixazulula.