Labantu jikelele kunye novavanyo

Cwangcisa izinto yohlobo olunye badla zihlolwa ngokunxulumene naziphi iifitsha ngaphambili njengoko kulinganiswa nangokobungakanani okanye ngokomgangatho.

Umzekelo, ukuba kukho ibhetshi lemiba, imikhwa kangakanani kunokuba ubungakanani iinkcukacha iindwendwe, kunye nomgangatho - kwamalungu esiqhelo.

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, khangela nabo ngokuhambelana nemigangatho maxa wambi isebenzisa uvavanyo rhoqo, kodwa abasebenza ngayo, kunqabile kusetyenziswa. Ngokomzekelo, xa abantu jikelele uqulathe inani elikhulu zezinto efundwayo, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba aqhube ubalo. Kulo mzekelo, ezikhethwe zizo zonke inani elithile lezinto (items) kwaye zivavanywe. Ngoko ke, kukho jikelele kunye isampuli.

luluhlu zonke izinto ziphantsi ukuhlolwa okanye izifundo jikelele. Yonke, njengoko umthetho, iqulathe inani anesiphelo lweziqalelo, kodwa ukuba inkulu kakhulu, ukuze lula izibalo kulindeleke ukuba zizo iquka inani engenasiphelo ezinto.

Isampuli okanye iseti isampuli ye elements na inxalenye ekhethiweyo yonke elimisiweyo. Isampulu ukuba mhlawumbi phindwa ngaphandle kophindo. Kwimeko yokuqala awabuyisele abantu ngokubanzi, owesibini - akukho. Ukuziqhelisa, badla sebenzisa ukhetho random phindo-free.

labantu jikelele kunye novavanyo kufuneka inxulunyaniswe representativeness. Ukuthetha ngendlela eyahlukileyo, ukuze iimpawu kwisampula iyonke wayemthemba ukuchonga zizo zonke iimpawu, kuyimfuneko ukuba izinto isampuli ngokuchanekileyo zinjengoko bezinjalo. Ngamanye amazwi, le isampuli kufuneka ibe nabameli (ummeli).

Isampulu liya kuba nommeli ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi, ukuba yenziwe ngokungakhethiyo ukusuka kwinani elikhulu kakhulu zizo. Ke kunokuthiwa ngokusekelwe ebizwa ngokuba umthetho amanani amakhulu. Kulo mzekelo, zonke izinto ibe amathuba alinganayo yokuba ekhethiweyo.

Kukho iinketho ezahlukeneyo ukhetho. Zonke ezi ndlela sinokunyangeka simiso yahlulwe kwezi zinto zimbini:

• Option 1: khetha i element, xa abantu ngokubanzi hayi uwahlule ube zahlulo. Ngesi ngobuwena kungabandakanya isampulu elula random ngaphandle replacement kwakhona ukhetho-.
• Option 2: Indalo zahlulo kunye macandelo ekhethiweyo. Oku kuquka i ukukhetha mechanical serial ekuso.

Simple random - ukhetho, apho izinto atsalwa ngabanye omnye yonke kwisethi zazivelela.

Gumbini - le ukhetho, apho izinto ekhethiweyo nje zizo, yaye amalungu awo onke "imifuziselo".

Mechanical - yinto ukhetho xa iseti yonke siyahlukana kwinani ngamaqela alinganayo nenani lweziqalelo ukuba kufuneka kwisampulu, yaye ngenxa yoko elinye element weqela ngalinye ikhethiwe. Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukuthabatha-25% yamalungu, zenziwe umatshini, ngoko khetha yonke into wesine, kwaye xa ufuna ukuthatha 4% kwezi zinto, ukukhetha zonke iinkcukacha yesihlanu amabini, njalo njalo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba athi ngamanye amaxesha ukhetho koomatshini ukubonelela esaneleyo isampula emele.

Uthotho - yinto ukhetho, apho izinto ekhethiweyo wokuhlangana "iibhetshi zamaphepha", ukuveza isifundo rhoqo, kunokuba omnye. Ngokomzekelo, xa kukho inani elikhulu iindawo zenziwe oomatshini oluzenzekelayo, ukuba ubalo lwenziwa kuphela ngokuphathelele kwimveliso koomatshini eziliqela. Ukuhlolwa Uthotho zisetyenziswa xa iimpawu zihlalutywe kukho ukwahluka encinane kuthotho ezahlukeneyo.

Ukunciphisa iimpazamo basebenzisa iindlela zemathematika-manani nokuhlola labemi nge uyakhetha. Ngaphezu koko, ulawulo uyakhetha kunokuba zombini single-eqongeni kunye multi-eqongeni, nto leyo eyandisa ukuthembeka phando.