Umthetho Biogenetic of Haeckel-Müller

umthetho Biogenetic of Haeckel-Müller ichaza umlinganiselo zaphawula yendalo - ontogenesis, okt nakuphuhliso lobume zonke eziphilayo, ukusa kumkhamo othile, oko recapitulates phylogeny - uphuhliso ngembali iqela lonke zezilwanyana ukuba nayo. It yaqulunqa umthetho, njengokuba igama lixela, Haeckel kunye F. Muller kwi-imi- 60 kwinkulungwane XIX, ngaphandle komnye, wabukhangelisa discoverer e-worldwork theory ngoku phantse akunakwenzeka.

Kucacile ukuba umthetho biogenetic laliqulunqwe ngoko nangoko. Muller no Haeckel ngayo umsebenzi ngaphambi ukudaleka isakhiwo sethiyori kuba ngumthetho nesenzeko sele saphawula kunye neminye imithetho emisiweyo yendalo. Ngowe-1828, K. Baer yaqulunqa ekuthiwa umthetho kufana osandul. kubume bayo usendleleni yokuba ngeembumba abantu akwi uhlobo olufanayo eziphilayo, babe ezininzi izinto ezifanayo lobume yokwakheka. Xa abantu, umzekelo, emva kwethuba elithile ekukhuleni umbungu slits kumculo kunye nomsila. Iimpawu zazo idla ngokuba lokwahlula kwi morphology lweentlobo kwenzeka kuphela ikhondo ngakumbi ontogeny. Umthetho ukufana osandul ezichongiweyo umthetho biogenetic ngeendlela ezininzi: kanye sisihluma eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo phinda inqanaba lophuhliso abanye abantu, bephinda nqanaba uphuhliso zonke iintlobo konke konke.

AN Severtsov kamva wenza izilungiso ezithile umthetho Haeckel-Müller. Le sisazinzulu esaziwayo ukuba ngexesha embryogenesis, oko kukuthi, iqonga lophuhliso osandul, kukho ukufana phakathi imizimba iimbumba kukuthi, hayi abantu abadala. Ngoko ke, lo slits kumculo kwi Umbungu efana slits kumculo ngeembumba intlanzi, kodwa hayi iigilizi kuqiniseka fish abadala.

Kubalulekile ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba enye bungqina elibalulekileyo ingcamango kaDarwin yokuzivelela ithathwa ngokuba umthetho biogenetic ngqo. Amagama buze ubhekisela uqhagamshelwano yayo ubhalo kunye neemfundiso zikaDarwin. Umbungu ngexesha kuphuhliso wayo uhamba amanyathelo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, nganye ufana kwisigaba esithile kuphuhliso indalo, zoba ukusuka kwindawo yendaleko ngayo. Ngenxa yoko, ngalinye imibutho ngamnye nzima ngakumbi imele kuphuhliso yakhe ontogenesis zasendle lonke ukususela kwinqanaba imbono yokuba izinto zazivelela.

Xa bengqondo, kukho kwakhona ngumthetho biogenetic, basebenzisane ngokuzimeleyo eziphilayo. Enyanisweni, xa bengqondo sibonakala lula umthetho yenzelwe, ababalulwa I. Herbart kunye T. Ziller ingcamango malunga ukufana engqondweni yomntwana kunye uluntu ngokubanzi. Abaphengululi ezahlukeneyo baye bazama ukuthethelela le ngcamango ngendlela eyahlukileyo. UMnu Hall, umzekelo, babhenela ngqo umthetho Haeckel-Müller. Wathi ukuba uphuhliso komntwana, kuquka malunga ngokwasengqondweni, ichazwa ngulo zangaphambili zebhayoloji ephinda kwemvelo ngokubanzi. Kunjalo, le ngcamango hayi ngokuqinisekileyo ubungqina bokuba ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Xa bengqondo, kusekho kungekho mthetho biogenetic ezinjalo.