Reactions owahlukeneyo - ithafa nelula!

Abafundi abaninzi bakhalaza ngokuba andilwazi chemistry akakuqondi na esinye sezifundo zesikolo zinzima. Ngokomzekelo, omnye ibinzana "indlela owahlukeneyo" abonisa abafundi abaninzi ukuba uphaphazele. Ngandlel 'ithile, ukuba akuthandabuzeki tye. Ukanti nge chemistry unako kwaye kufuneka sibe ngabahlobo. It ubajikelezile naye ubomi bethu. Uninzi amacebiso amahle kubafundi abo bazimisele ukwenza abahlobo kunye nale nenzululwazi nzima - utitshala ukuze afundise enikiweyo izinto isifundo ngasinye. Ukulungiselela iiklasi kungabi: "Namhlanje Andimbuzanga - ke awukwazi ukufundisa!", Kodwa lo mgaqo: "Ndifuna ukuba wazi futhi uqonda konke, ngokunjalo uya kukuva oko akazange acele mna!". Kuphela indlela loo chemistry ishishini iya kuba kuwe incwadi evulekileyo. Kwaye liziqonde uqaphele kuyo zonke iinkalo zobomi bethu.

Kweli nqaku liza siya kugxininisa kuphela kule nto imichiza njenge yokusabela owahlukeneyo. Indlela ukuqonda kule kota? Ukuba indlela ilizwi ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ecacileyo (libhekisela impefumlelwano izinto), apha elithi "owahlukeneyo" - kwiingxaki ezininzi esikolweni. Apha kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba ukuguqulelwa elithi "geteros" Greek - ezahlukeneyo kunjalo, zahlukile.

ukusabela owahlukeneyo: imizekelo ukusuka kubomi

reactions owahlukeneyo kuqhubeka phakathi ezahlukeneyo kwindalo, kodwa imeko ebonakalayo ukwimo. Enye yesikolo samabanga umfundi ngamnye uyazi ukuba nayiphi na into ukuze ibe kwimo udibaniso 3 (okanye izigaba 3) njenge eqinileyo, ulwelo okanye isimo sukube. Ngoko, loo nto ithathwa yokusabela owahlukeneyo ukuba izinto ningena kuyo, ke States ezahlukeneyo udibaniso, umzekelo:

• igesi + ulwelo
• igesi + okuqinileyo
• ulwelo + okuqinileyo.

Ukuba ziimveliso zisenokuxabana nezinye izinto nakwimo efanayo udibaniso, ukusabela kuthiwa eyohlobo olulodwa. Igama kwakhona kuguqulelwa ngokusuka kwisiGrike, "gomos" - enye, efanayo.

reactions eyohlobo olulodwa kunye owahlukeneyo ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ebomini bethu. Cinga, umzekelo, iinkuni reaction yokutsha. Iinkuni - kukuthi, ngokubanzi, into lwemichiza imvelaphi organic - kwincindi. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, iinkuni - into leyo sikwimo esiqinileyo. Zizitshise ngenxa yesenzo oksijini. Umoya - yigesi. Ngenxa yoko, basabela yokutsha zokubasa wambumba amalahle, icarbon dioxide namanzi. Omlilo iinkuni ovuthayo utywala - yokusabela owahlukeneyo. Imizekelo lungayenye infinity.

1) zentsimbi Ukurusa. Okokuqala, yokusabela lwekhemikhali, kuba umphumo ukwimo sitsha senziwa yesinyithi - irusi yentsimbi hayidroksayidi (III). Okwesibini, yinkqubo owahlukeneyo, ekubeni intsimbi - yinto a eqinileyo yaye amanzi kunye nomoya oksijini, nto leyo eza phantsi kwempembelelo ukurusa - yinto ulwelo kunye negesi ngokulandelelana. Le nkqubo kubhalwa kulandelayo equation reaction :

Fe (tv.) + H2O (g.) + O2 (g) = Fe (OH) 3 (sol.)

2) ucima yesoda iviniga. omama abaninzi basebenzisa esi simo yemichiza ukwenzela ukulungiselela intlama uhlaza. Xa oku kuthathwa yesoda NaHCO3 esiluqilima ifomu umgubo kunye 3% nesisombululo acetic acid CH3COOH, ke ngoko, nazo yinkqubo owahlukeneyo, ekubeni ngokusebenzisa izinto ezimbini kumazwe ahlukeneyo udibaniso. Le nkqubo ocaciswe lenxaki:

NaHCO3 + CH3COOH = CH3COONa + H2O + CO2

Qaphela ukuba apha kwaye iimveliso indlela ezi kumazwe ahlukeneyo udibaniso - sodium acetate kunye CH3COONa amanzi + H2O - into elulwelo kunye CO2 - le carbon dioxide.

3) Blackening ezikhumbuzo zobhedu okanye Stars phantsi kweemeko okukufutshane - nayo ngayo owahlukeneyo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba eli binzana kukwenze nkathazo. Ke ukuba niphikele unayo imibuzo, musa wonqena ukuvula incwadi kwi chemistry zebakala 8 uphinde kwezabelo eziqala kwakhona. Ayisoze, akukho ilize mzekeliso Russian ithi: "! Okuphindwa - Practice kuphuhlisa imfezeko"