Kwabantu nje isayensi: i imiyalelo eziphambili kuphuhliso kunye ezenzeka ngoku.

Umphakathi esiphila, kuphakamisa imibuzo emininzi malunga ngentsingiselo yobomi, ngoonobangela abo okanye ezinye ubudlelwane kunye nezimo zentlalo. Yokuhlalisana njenge inzululwazi yoluntu, imithetho yophuhliso yayo, unxulumano noluntu kunye namaziko zentlalo baziqwebele iingcinga kunye neengcamango zobulumko, abezopolitiko, ootitshala, oosonzululwazi, ababhali kunye namalungu namanye amasebe yolwazi lwenzululwazi.

Yokuhlalisana njenge nenzululwazi eyahlukileyo kwezinye ezentlalo, isicelo iindlela zenzululwazi ekufundweni yoluntu, ebalulekileyo practical ukusetyenziswa uphando lwezenhlalo ekusebenzeni yoluntu.

ERashiya, theory lwezenhlalo ngqo baqalisa ifomu phakathi kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Yokuhlalisana njenge inzululwazi senzeka kumacala ahlukeneyo, nto leyo yenze kwizikolo zesayensi. Ekuhlalutyeni imbali yoluntu, isakhiwo sayo, ezo nkcukacha zophuhliso unxulumano loluntu, kwezentlalo ukukhetha iindlela ezahlukeneyo ngokubanzi lwezenzululwazi: ngokwedemografi, ngokwasengqondweni, iqela, kwinkcubeko kunye nabanye.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lonke ixesha yophuhliso isosioloji Russian, ngomhla ukuyilwa iingqiqo yokuhlalisana kunye neengcamango ziye zaba nempembelelo imisebenzi izazi Koloni. Ezi ziquka umsunguli yokuhlalisana ka Comte, eyaqamba ibinzana elithi "yokuhlalisana", ingcamango "inkqubo", sigwetyelwe kwinqanaba lophuhliso zembali. Akukho ngaphantsi anempembelelo ukufumana izimvo isosioloji Russian baba Emile Durkheim, Max Weber. Kunye nemibhalo Karla Marksa aye kakhulu kwiimbono bezopolitiko iRashiya phantse semideyatiletnego ixesha zembali. Noko ke, sonke sithethe impefumlelwano yokuhlalisana Russian kunye Western. izazi Russian NY Danilevsky, NK St. Michael, PL Lavrov, VI Lenin, GV Plekhanov, PA Sorokin wenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kwihlabathi leengcinga lwezenhlalo.

Phakathi kwiindawo uqhelekileyo yokuhlalisana bulumko lwentlalo ekwanti. Oku kusekelwe phezu khangela imithetho jikelele zophuhliso lwentlalo. Ingcamango engundoqo apho waya ngabameli izinto ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kule ndawo (Spengler, Toynbee, N.Danilevky, Sorokin), na ingcamango zenkcubeko-embali iintlobo kuluntu, ezisekelwe phezu inkcubeko beentlanga ezahlukeneyo (umzekelo, umYiputa, eBhabhiloni, isiGrike, amaRoma, Maya inkcubeko, Russian Siberia, Slavic, zamaYuda kunye nabanye). Ezinye lwezazi bacebisa nakwenzeka ngokuhlalisana ixesha elide kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ekufuneka phambili kwindlela ngamnye.

Enye indlela yophuhliso isosioloji - Marxism - idibanisa ithiyori conflictological, ngokusekelwe kumzabalazo kwezoqoqosho, izidubedube ezizinzululwazi amaqela ezahlukeneyo kwezentlalo. Marxism njengoko lichazwe nguLenin kunye nabaxhasi bakhe wadlala indima enkulu kuphuhliso zembali eRashiya.

E Western kwabantu wema neo-Marxism (Germany, engama-30 kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini). Le nokuhlutha indoda ngezimvo nangeendlela abaci of kuphika, zeniyo-Marxism in isosioloji owayephila kuchasa uluvo nakwenzeka ukuphelisa ungquzulwano phakathi kwamaqela asekuhlaleni: nomzabalazo igunya, kwiinkokheli ngokomoya, wobambiswano nokunikezelwa kwengeniso, ezo unobangela ekuphuhliseni uluntu.

kwabantu Modern njengokuba isayensi ngenkuthalo kwasekwa phantsi kolwalathiso a technocratic, zithandwa kakhulu kwizangqa asentshona zasekhaya lwezenhlalo. Enye yezinto i jikelele ye yokuhlalisana mihla. ulwabiwo Net lwelayini yaseYurophu American lophuhliso lenzululwazi lwezenhlalo, wazibonakalisa phakathi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, oko bazokwenza ngomhla seodnyashny. iingxaki Human kwanyanzeleka kwezentlalo ukuba kundihlanganyela. Kwelinye icala kucacile ukuba mgaqo yendaleko kunye Konfliktologichesky nophuhliso lwentlalo has indawo kwimbali. Ngoko ke, ukudityaniswa beengcamango ezahlukeneyo lwezenhlalo abe yimfuneko umgomo yokuhlalisana yophuhliso. Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba yokuhlalisana ibaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni uluntu mini inkulu. It unefuthe uluvo loluntu, ezopolitiko kwezigqibo.

Xa isakhiwo isosioloji banamhlanje ngenkuthalo ekuphuhliseni amasebe ezahlukeneyo ulwazi lwezenhlalo: yokuhlalisana ulutsha, yokuhlalisana imibutho, yokuhlalisana ulwazi, yokuhlalisana unqulo kunye nabanye.