Abantu Russian: uluhlu kunye nenani

Ngokoqikelelo obona, eRashiya kukho ngaphezu 192 kweentlanga, ezahlukeneyo enye kwenye ngokubhekiselele kwinkcubeko, inkolo kunye nembali kophuhliso. Okuqaphelekayo kukuba, baba yonke imida efanayo karhulumente phantse ngoxolo - ngenxa ukulawula imimandla emitsha.

Ingakumbi abantu '

Kuba ixesha lokuqala uluhlu abantu abahlala kummandla Russia, senziwe phakathi kwenkulungwane XVIII, ukuba lula ukuqokelela irhafu. Academy of Sciences e St. Petersburg, ojongene nzulu lo mbuzo, kwaye ngexesha XVII-XIX eminyaka wakhululwa embalwa elinesibini uphando kakhulu ngenkcazo ngalo mbandela, kwakunye ezininzi albhamu umfanekiso ii-atlasi, ebe ezixabisekileyo kakhulu abaphengululi mihla.

Ekupheleni kweminyaka yokuqala kwinkulungwane xxi abemi lizwe njani ngokusesikweni yahlulwe kumaqela eentlanga 192. Iintlanga elinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi 1 eRashiya 7. kuphela Ezi ziquka:

• Russian - 77,8%.
• AmaTatar - 3,75%.
• Chuvash - 1.05%.
• Bashkirs - 1.11%.
• Chechens - 1,07%.
• Armenia - 0.83%.
• Ukraine - 1.35%.

Kukho kwakhona igama elithi "uhlanga titular", echazwe uhlanga, wamnika igama layo le ngingqi. Kwaye kungenzeka ukuba kungabi bantu baninzi. Umzekelo, kwi-Khanty-Mansiisk ezimeleyo yesithili ekhaya Russian uhlanga ezininzi (uluhlu luquka amanqaku angaphezu kwama-50). Kodwa kuphela Khanty kunye Mansi,-2% kuphela abemi kulo mmandla, wamnika igama leyo esemthethweni.

Uphando ngenkcazo luqhubeka ngenkulungwane xxi, kwaye umsebenzi malunga nesihloko "izizwe Russian: uluhlu inani kunye nepesenti rule 'umdla kakhulu kungekuphela izazinzulu, kodwa abantu abaqhelekileyo abafuna ukwazi ngakumbi kwilizwe labo.

Izizwe inxalenye yaseYurophu Russia

Russian akakhankanywa njengesizwe kwi-siseko ekhoyo Russian, kodwa eneneni olu hlanga ngaphezu 2/3 zoluntu luphela. "Ezalwa" lakhe na inxalenye yaseYurophu of Russia - ukusuka kumantla Primorye kunye Karelia ukuya emdeni lweCaspian kunye Black Seas. Abantu luphawulwa umanyano inkcubeko ngokomoya nonqulo, kwamathambo kunye zolwimi olufanayo eqhelekileyo. Noko ke, Russian nawo ngokwawo awukho uniform kumafa wayo, kwaye yahlulwe ngamaqela ezahlukahlukeneyo:

- North - abantu baseMpumalanga abahlala kwiingingqi Novgorod, Ivanovo, Arkhangelsk, Vologda kunye Kostroma, kuquka kwiRiphabliki Karelia owasentla belizwe yaseTver. Kuba Russian iimpawu "akayuschy" intetho wasentla ngokukhanya umbala imbonakalo.

- abantu baseMzantsi Russian abahlala Ryazan, ukulungela ukusebenza, Lipetsk, Voronezh, Orel kunye nemimandla Penza. Abahlali yale mimandla "okayut" xa ethetha. Kuba yinxalenye "yuzhnorossov" uphawu lokusebenzisa iilwimi ezimbini (Cossacks).

Imimandla nezi ndawo Southern akukho usondele - ukuba uqhagamshele indawo Central Russian (phakathi Oka kunye iVolga), apho abahlali zombini iindawo zixubene ngokulinganayo. Ukongeza ubunzima elipheleleyo Russian kukho amaqela sub-uhlanga ekuthiwa-- indawo ahlala uhlanga ezincinci ume ngaphandle iimpawu zolwimi nenkcubeko yabo. Le kwezizwe noko ezivaliweyo anda omncinane Russian Russia. uluhlu lwabo iqulathe ezi maqela alandelayo:

• Vod (ngo-2010 inani labantu 70).
• Pomors.
• Meshcheryakov.
• Polekh.
• Sayan.
• UDon Kuban Cossacks.
• Kamchadals.

Kwizizwana kwimimandla ekumzantsi

Sithetha iindawo phakathi Azov kunye lweCaspian ziilwandle. Ukongeza kwezo ndawo Russian ohlala kukho namanye amaqela ezininzi iintlanga, kuquka abo zahluke kakhulu ngokwemiqathango yesithethe nonqulo. Isizathu sokuba loo umahluko waba eqaqambileyo ukusondela Eastern mazwe - Turkey, Tatar Crimea, eGeorgia, Azerbaijan.

abantu Southern of Russia (uluhlu):

• Chechens.
• Ingush.
• Nogai.
• Kabardians.
• Circassians.
• Adygeys.
• Karachai.
• Kalmyks.

Kumazantsi yaseRashiya isiqingatha oludibeneyo republic "zesizwe". Phantse ngasinye kwezi ntlanga babe ulwimi lwabo, nangenkolo alawula phakathi kwabo Islam.

Kufuneka kwakhona ukhankanye ukuzeka kade umsindo ka Dagestan. Kwaye, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ayisekho abantu enegama elifanayo. Eli gama idibanisa uhlanga (Avars, Aguls, Dargin, Lezgins, Laks, Nogai, njalo njalo.), Ukuhlala kummandla weRiphabliki Dagestan.

abantu zaseSiberia kanye North

Siberian Federal District iquka imimandla-14 ezinkulu ngokobume lugubungela-30% ye-lizwe. Noko ke, kule ntsimi umiwe ngabantu abazizigidi 20.10. Yabemi eSiberia inala bantu balandelayo:

1. Abantu ezingaqhelekanga, amaqela ngokobuhlanga ziye zavela kummandla ngethuba sophuhliso wayo XVI-XX eminyaka. Eli qela libandakanya Russian, Belarusians, Ukraine, nangezinto nabanye.

2. abantu Indigenous Siberia Russia. Uluhlu kubo mkhulu kakhulu, kodwa ke inani lilonke liphantsi kakhulu. Yobuninzi benu kunezizwana zezi Yakut (480,000), Buryats (460,000), yaseTuva (265 amawaka) kunye Khakassia (73,000).

Ratio phakathi kwezizwe zomthonyama kunye bangaphandle 1: 5. Inani abemi yokuqala eSiberia ngcembe liyancipha kwaye ibalwe amawaka, ngamakhulu.

Northern Territory of Russia abakulo efanayo meko. "Kuyinto" abemi kwezi ndawo buzinze zokuhlala ezinkulu. Kodwa esisiseko, kuba inkoliso phila ubomi loonothwal okanye eziphantse-ephila. Ethnographers bathi abantu bomthonyama emantla kuyacuthwa kancinci ngaphezu Siberians.

Kwizizwe zeli Ekude Primorye

Far East Region ibandakanya Magadan kunye iyavuma nemimandla, Yakutia, District Chukotka kunye kwiNgingqi Ukuzilawula yamaYuda. Ezi Primorye omelene - Sakhalin, ena kunye Primorsky Krai, okt imimandla ukufikelela ngqo elwandle empumalanga.

Iinkcazelo ngenkcazo kwezizwe ze eSiberia nakwiMpuma Ekude kunye ukuchaza, kodwa akukho kulungile. Amaqela zemveli nobuhlanga lizwe abe banenkcubeko eyahluke kakhulu, nto leyo ekhokelele kwiimeko ezininzi kakhulu ebomini.

kwezizwe ezikude eselunxwemeni bomthonyama eRashiya, nto leyo eboniswa ngezantsi kuluhlu, kwachazwa kuqala kwinkulungwane XVII:

• Orochi.
• Orok.
• Nivkhs.
• Udege.
• Chukchi.
• Koryak.
• Tungus.
• Daur.
• Duchers.
• Nanai.
• Eskimos.
• Aleuts.

Okwangoku, amancinane amaqela eentlanga mabaxhamle ukhuseleko kunye namalungelo evela kurhulumente, kwaye kwakhona umdla bamazwe zobuntlola ngenkcazo.

Malunga nokuqulunqwa nobuhlanga kwiMpuma Ekude kunye Primorye babenempembelelo ezinye izizwe kumazwe angabamelwane - China kunye Japan. Kwingingqi Russian of China bahlala ndawonye nabangeneleli ukubala abantu malunga ne-19 amawaka. On the Kuril Islands kunye Sakhalin Ainu abantu bahlala ngokukhuselekileyo, abalunikelwayo kwakanye ekhaya Hokkaido (Japan).

abantu Non-ezahlukeneyo Russian Federation

Ngokusemthethweni, zonke iintlanga eRashiya, ngaphandle encinane kakhulu kwaye ivaliwe, ngaba bungengo bemveli. Kodwa enyanisweni, ngaphakathi lizwe njalo yokufudukela ngenxa iimfazwe (ngobungxamo), uphuhliso eSiberia nakwiMpuma Ekude, izakhiwo zikarhulumente, ukufuna iimeko ezingcono zokuphila. Ngenxa yoko, abantu ukuze engumxube, kwaye Yakuts ohlala eMoscow ayimangalisi.

Kodwa lizwe ekhaya kumaqela amaninzi uhlanga ngeengcambu sasivela States ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. ezweni lawo ayikho kude kufutshane kwemida Russian Federation! Bavela endaweni yayo ngenxa yokufudukela ngengozi okanye yokuzithandela iminyaka eyahlukeneyo. abantu non-bomthonyama Russian, ogama luhlu luboniswe ngezantsi, enze iqela eziliqela amashumi amawaka abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 (sizukulwana 2nd). Ezi ziquka:

• BaseKorea.
• Chinese.
• AmaJamani.
• AmaJuda.
• Turks.
• The namaGrike.
• Bulgarians.

Ukongeza, Russia ngokukhuselekileyo kuphila amaqela amancinane amaqela eentlanga evela aseBalti, eAsia, India naseYurophu. Phantse bonke yayingeyonxalenye ngokwemiqathango lolwimi kunye nendlela yokuphila, kodwa kugcinwa ezinye izithethe zooyise.

Iilwimi kunye iinkonzo nabantu Russia

Multi-yobuhlanga Russian Federation yimeko yehlabathi, kodwa inkolo idlala indima ebalulekileyo (yenkcubeko, unobuntu, urhulumente) abakhoyo. Akumangalisi, amaqela amancinane yobuhlanga ngqo inkolo yabo yemveli, kubangela "ilifa" esivela kwizinyanya. Kodwa ke abantu baseMpumalanga ziphatheka ngakumbi kwaye abathi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo bogoslaviya, kuquka i ubuhedeni ehlaziyiweyo, Satanism kunye Thixo.

Okwangoku, amaqela enkolo alandelayo ngamagama aqhelekileyo eRashiya:

• UbuKristu Orthodox.
• Islam (US Muslims).
• Buddhism.
• YamaKatolika.
• UbuKristu ukweyisela amaProtestanti.

imeko lilula kunye neelwimi nabantu '. Ulwimi olusemthethweni kweli lizwe Russian, oko kukuthi njengolwimi kwisininzi. Kodwa ke, imimandla kazwelonke (Chechnya, Kalmykia, Bashkortostan, njalo njalo.) Ulwimi hlanga titular unalo imeko yoluntu.

Kwaye, kakade, phantse zonke iintlanga lalo, bahluke kwezinye iilwimi okanye ukubetha kolwimi lwakho. Kudla ngokuthi iziyelelane abahlala kwindawo enye ineengcambu uhlanga kumiswa ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, abantu zeAltai eSiberia ethetha ngolwimi iqela lohlanga, kwaye kwindawo ekufutshane Bashkirs iingcambu intetho obufihlwe ngolwimi Mongolian.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba xa ujonga kuluhlu zabantu Russia zokuhlela ethnolinguistic livela ifomu phantse ngokupheleleyo. Ngokukodwa, phakathi iilwimi lwezizwana ezahlukahlukeneyo "uphawu" phantse zonke iilwimi:

1. Iqela European Indo-:

• iilwimi Slavic (Russian, Belarusian).
• iilwimi zesiJamani (ngesiHebhere, isiJamani).

2. Finno-Ugric (Mordvinian, Mari, Komi Zyryan njl).

3. iilwimi zamaTurkic (Altaian, Noghai, Sakha, njl njl).

4. iilwimi Mongolian (Bibles, Buryat).

5. Ulwimi North abaseAfrika (Adyg, iilwimi Daghestanian Chechen et al.).

Ngenkulungwane xxi, i-Russian Federation iyaqhubeka ukuba elinye lamazwe ezininzi esineenkcubeko ehlabathini. Akukho mfuneko ukunyanzelisa "kweenkcubeko", kuba sohlala kweli imo, eli lizwe khona kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi.