Karaganda, abemi: labemi nokubunjwa kwayo

Enye zokuhlala zinkulu Kazakhstan ngumzi Karaganda. Inani labemi apha kuhlale, yinto nangenkolo oluxubeneyo kakhulu, njengoko ezininzi kwezinye iindawo kumantla elo lizwe. Isifundo imeko demographic embindini wengingqi umdla omkhulu. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni na abemi besixeko Karaganda la manani.

indawo okuyo

into Karaganda dolophu kumbindi of Kazakhstan, kunye lisisiqalo kwi-mpuma, ngomhla kummandla Karaganda amalahle sokuhlambela, phakathi emathafeni ngokoma. Igubungela ummandla malunga ilingana 550 square metres. km. Kazakh indlela igama lakhe kuthiwa njenge "Karaganda".

Esi sixeko liziko lolawulo kwingingqi Karaganda. Ukongeza, indawo - kuba liziko yenkcubeko woshishino mmandla.

Oko imele abantu Karaganda, siza kuxubusha ngezantsi.

Imbali emfutshane komzi

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uyayazi yabemi Karaganda, imbonakalo yobuhlanga kunye zonqulo kweso sixeko, makhe sibone xa waliseka zokuhlala kwaye bakhula ngayo. Oku kuya kusenza sikwazi ukuqonda nzulu utshintsho demographic esixekweni, kwakunye ufunde ukwenza indlela yabantu Karaganda.

Ngamakhoboka kunye kumaXesha Aphakathi eyandisiweyo emaqeleni zasendle kuloo ndawo apho emva apho Karaganda. Inani labantu kula mazwe kwakhokelela uqoqosho ephila, yaye ithiwe thaca kwi-izizwe zamaTurkic-abathetha. Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XV kwi kummandla Kazakhstan mihla kuvela Kazakh Khanate, izinto ezo ezenzeka phakathi kwemida ethnogenesis le Kazakhs mihla. Ngenkulungwane XVIII, uRhulumente ekugqibeleni ndahlukana ube zahlulo zithathu ukuya - zhuzes. Lo mmandla esiyi Karaganda, yaqukwa kwi-Middle Juz. Ngowe-1740, kuMbindi hlokondiba uyayamkela ukusekelwa yoBukhosi baseRashiya, yaye ngowe-1822 ekugqibeleni zibandakanyiwe kumafa yayo.

Ngokutsho legend, ngowe-1833 kwisayithi ye elizayo isixeko Kazakh umalusi wafumana iidipozithi amalahle. Ukuba amalahle iya kuba sisiseko kwezoqoqosho Karaganda, kodwa kuya kwenzeka kwiminyaka emininzi kamva. Imveliso Industrial amalahle kwi Russian uBukhosi of the Karaganda isitya kuphela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX.

Yokuqala ekwahlala asisigxina kwisiza apho kwakukho Karaganda, yasungulwa ngo-1906 waza wabizwa ngokuba Mikhailovka kwixesha elizayo. Kodwa emva kokuba revolution, imigodi yamalahle sele wayeka, endaweni eyintlango.

Ngowe-1930, kunye ekuqaleni ngezoshishino lwemigodi mmandla uye waqhubeka, ngenxa apho zokuhlala abasebenzi ezininzi '. Ngowe-1931, kokuba bamanyane kumabhunga Karaganda abasebenzi '. Ukuba kulo nyaka kucingwa umhla ongumsunguli Karaganda.

Igama "Karaganda", le ndawo yaba elide phambi ukuyilwa esixekweni, yaye kukholelwa ukuba evela eziqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezo ngomngampunzi, etyholweni - caragana. Nangona kukho ezimbalwa izimvo ezizezinye.

Ngowe-1934 le lali unikwe isimo sixeko. Le yenye milestones epochal aphila Karaganda. Inani labemi laloo mzi ekuqaleni kwasekwa evela kubasebenzi, uninzi kwizizwe Slavic, ikakhulu Russian. Kodwa kwiminyaka elandelayo, isixeko waqalisa ukuhamba kwaye Kazakhs abavela kwiindawo ezikufuphi.

Ngowe-1936 Karaganda yaba liziko yolawulo kummandla Karaganda kwi- Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic.

Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kwisixeko ukwakha isityalo, zakhiwe ngokukhawuleza izinto ezahlukeneyo izibonelelo gqolo ukuphuhlisa amalahle isitya.

Emva kokuwa imveliso industrial yiSoviet Union e Karaganda yehla kakhulu, nto leyo esimantshiyane imeko yezibalo esixekweni. Ngenxa ukumisa amashishini iintsapho ezininzi bafudukela kwezinye iindawo.

labantu

Ngoku makhe sifumane abantu abaninzi njani e Karaganda? Inani labantu ngoku kwaye iya kuqwalaselwa. Njengoko lo mhla yangoku, kunye neentshukumo.

Kuqala kwinto zonke, ufumanise ukuba abantu abaninzi abahlala kwisixeko namhlanje. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi ingcali, abemi Karaganda for 2016 malunga 496,2 amawaka. Abantu. Okwangoku, akukho mntu yesine elizweni emva sixeko sikhulu Kazakhstan - Almaty, ikomkhulu - Astana kunye namanye amaziko zemimandla - Shymkent (Shymkent).

nengxinano yabemi

Ngoku sifunda Uxinaniso okuluphawu yabemi Karaganda-2016. Xineneyo ngalo mzuzu kwi abahlali besixeko ungabantu 846 nganye 1 macala onke. km.

Kodwa kakhulu okanye kancinci? Makhe sithelekise lexinene labemi kwixesha elifanayo kwi zokuhlala ezininzi Kazakhstan - Almaty. E Almaty, nengxinano yabemi ngabantu 2346. macala nganye. km., apho, njengoko sele sibonile, izihlandlo eziliqela ngaphezu koko uye Karaganda. Inani labemi kulo mzi, ngoko zingathathwa ngokuba uphumile ngokufanelekileyo. Kodwa ngaba kusoloko kunjalo? Ukuze ufumanise, kufuneka ufumanise oko yabemi Karaganda kwiminyaka edlulileyo.

Le Dynamics utshintsho labantu

Njengoko sele sibonile, abemi Karaganda (2016) malunga 496,2 amawaka. Abantu. Kodwa njengokuba kwakunjalo ngaphambili?

Ngowe-1959 abemi abaninzi beso sixeko abantu malunga 397,1 eliwaka, neminyaka esithoba kamva - .. 523,3 amawaka abantu, emva kweminyaka engama-20 kamva (1979) labemi liye landa phantse isiqingatha - 578,9 amawaka abantu .. Ngo-1989, kwisixeko Karaganda (Kazakhstan) labemi ifikelele incopho yayo kwimbali - 613,8 amawaka abantu ..

Kodwa ke inani yabemi baqalisa ukwehla kabukhali. Ngoko ke, ngo-1991 yehle ukuya kwinqanaba 608,6 amawaka abantu, nkqu emva kweminyaka esibhozo uwe kwixabiso kumawaka 436,9 ngo-2004 bengekafiki nasezantsi ukuwa - .. 428,9 amawaka abantu .. Ngaloo ndlela, phezu-14 iminyaka ukuwa inani labantu abahlala esixekweni edrophu phantse 185 lamawaka. Man.

Kodwa ukususela kunyaka olandelayo, abantu baqalisa ukuba ukukhula kancinci. Ngowe-2005, sasifana 436,0 amawaka abantu, ngo-2010 -. 465,2 amawaka, ngo-2012 - .. 475,4 amawaka labemi Karaganda ngo-2016 kwafikelelwa kwinani ka 496,2 amawaka abantu .. Le 67,3 amawaka. Ngaphezu ngo-2004, kodwa 112,4 ngaphantsi kunokuba kwakunjalo ngo-1989. Apha ukusebenza enamandla enjalo ungachazwa kubemi Karaganda. Inani 2016 lowo ongazanga kufikelelwe kwinqanaba-1970.

Izizathu utshintsho elibukhali nodaba labantu

Ngoku makhe sikhangele ukuba kutheni Dynamics yabantu kwisixeko Karaganda lenze iinguqulelo ezinjalo.

Ukukhula kwenani labemi Karaganda ukuya 1989 ebandakanya wonke, imiba ethile akubangeli. Yaba yinkqubo yendalo. Ingakumbi ukuba Karaganda - isixeko esikhulu mveliso, nto leyo rhoqo yaphuhliswa ngexesha eSoviet, kwaye ngoko ke kufuna ukungena kwabasebenzi abatsha. Abantu beza kusebenza kwishishini Karaganda ezivela kwiindawo ezininzi eSoviet Union. Kuyinto yokufudukela yabasebenzi, kunye neqondo lokuzalwa kwabantu kuye negalelo ekwandeni ukuphila ngaphezu kwesiqingatha kweli ziko lommandla ukususela 1959 ukuya 1989.

Kodwa xa ukwanda obangela kabini nesiqingatha kule minyaka ingama-30 imiba esi sixeko ezithile labemi, ukuba kwenzeka njani ukuba kwiminyaka eli10 ezayo, ukususela 1989, inani yabemi iye yehla phantse kwisiqingatha efanayo ngendlela? Isizathu kukuba onke amashishini efanayo. Kuphela eli xesha indima edlalwe yi hayi ngokwandisa inani lamashishini kunye nemisebenzi, yaye anciphise imveliso, ukuvala iifektri ngenxa ubunzima kweli thuba lokulungiselela utshintsho emva ekuweni eSoviet Union kunye utshintsho ukusuka ecwangcisiweyo kuqoqosho emarikeni. Ukuvalwa lamashishini, unciphiso ebalulekileyo kwingqesho kwi embalwa eziseleyo ukuba isebenze, kubangela ngqesho kakhulu, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni kuphuma abemi kwimimandla ngaphantsi edandathekileyo kweli lizwe ngokunjalo nakwihlabathi ngokubanzi, ingakumbi kwi-Russian Federation. Ingakumbi iingcambu ezininzi abemi Karaganda ayevela eRashiya, bona okanye abazali babo apho wafika kumaxesha eSoviet ukuphakamisa imveliso ye-Kazakh SSR.

Into ebalulekileyo nako ukudluliselwa lwenkunzi of Kazakhstan ukusuka Almaty kwisixeko emazantsi kumantla elo lizwe - Astana (esasisaziwa Tselinograd). Ikomkhulu entsha usondele okuphakamileyo Karaganda, ukuze yonke into yakhe izandla zomsebenzi, kunye nobomi kwisixeko iphambili kweli lizwe ngokwayo ivula amathuba amakhulu. Ngoko ke, enkulu yabemi Karaganda zokudibanisa ikamva labo kunye Astana. Good ahambe zange ukuba. Ngokungafaniyo Karaganda, enkosi ekufunyanweni ubume eyinkunzi ka inani yabemi Astana ukususela 1989 ukuya kwixesha langoku liye landa kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukuba ngo-1989 dolophu kwakuhlala nje 281,3 amawaka. Abantu, ngoko ngo-2016 labemi ezimawaka 872,7. Abantu. Oko kukuthi, kwiminyaka 27 kuye kwakho ukwanda kwenani labemi izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwama-3. Kakade ke, ngoncedo yokukhula zendalo kwezi zalathisi kuba nako ukufikelela wayeza. Igqi- nokwandisa inani yabemi e Astana - isebe yabemi mizi edandathekileyo ezifana Karaganda.

Ngokwayo, le Karaganda kulo lonke-imi- 90 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela kwisiqingatha sokuqala ishumi leminyaka lokuqala kule nkulungwane abemi ngakumbi nangakumbi lincitshiswe. Kumaxesha Soviet, esi sixeko inani yesibini ngobukhulu yabemi ku Kazakhstan, evelisa indawo yokuqala kuphela ikomkhulu Kazakh SSR - Almaty. Nangona kukho ukuhla bafa kwenani labahlali, ubume Karaganda wakwazi ukugcina ukuya nenkulungwane entsha. Kodwa kowama-2000, isixeko ngokwemigaqo yabantu bahamba zokuhlala nje ezimbini: Shymkent kunye capital amatsha - Astana. Ngoko ke, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Karaganda uphakathi yesine Kazakhstan kwesi salathisi.

Oku kungenxa nokwehliswa ngokukhawuleza lokuphila Karaganda kulo mzi kukho Ubuninzi babantu enjalo omncinane, sathetha ngayo nje ngentla. Kumaxesha Soviet ifike umzi wokuhlala ixesha elininzi abantu abavela kwezinye iindawo zeli lizwe, kuba kukwakha nokwandisa. Kodwa 90 yaqalisa ukuba imfuduko ubunzima zabemi Karaganda, kodwa imida isixeko ihleli injalo ukuba badlale indima ebonakalayo into yokuba Ubuninzi babantu ngeli nqanaba mncinane kakhulu.

Ukunyuka entsha kwenani ngabahlali Karaganda

Ukuhla kwamanani ngo abahlala Karaganda, ayikwazanga kunigqibela kuphele. Ngowe-2004 yena wenza ubuncinane - 428,9 amawaka abantu .. Kakade ukususela ngo-2005, imeko demographic kweso sixeko baqala ukuba ngcono, ukanti abemi waqalisa ukusela. Oku kwabonwa ukuya kwixesha langoku. Kakade ke, ukwanda hayi ihamba ngokukhawuleza kwenzeka phambi kokuwa, kodwa nangona kunjalo ke ukuba imeko iyathembisa. Yintoni le utshintsho demographic kudalwe?

Okokuqala, ukuhla kwemveliso, njengoko bathi, bengekafiki nasezantsi. Iinkampani okusebenza ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi bakwazi ukunika abahlali eziseleyo imisebenzi umzi. Kwakungekho ngqesho ezifana ezinkulu, njengokuba ngaphambili, nto leyo ebangele sisixa elibukhali yabemi. Ke inani yabemi kunye inani lemisebenzi zilungiselelwe ukubonelela lweshishini ngaphezulu okanye elungeleleneyo ngaphantsi. Yintoni le nto kubalulekile ukuba ayeke nencindi abantu esixekweni.

Izinto yesibini ukuba idlale indima nokuzinziswa imeko demographic kwi Karaganda, kukuphucula imeko yezoqoqosho ngo-2000, njengoko kuchasene 90 kulo lonke eli lizwe. Nale waqala ukuzinzisa zonke iinkqubo enkulu kuluntu, ukuza rate zendalo, kuquka nolwazi.

Kakade ke, ukwanda kwamanani abemi e Karaganda ngeli nqanaba kubangelwa ikakhulu kukunyuka zendalo, oko kukuthi engumahluko onguphozithivu phakathi ukuzalwa nokufa, kungekhona ngenxa yokufuduka kwabantu, njengokuba kwakunjalo ngamaxesha Soviet. Noko ke, nkqu oku kwanda asakhasayo iziphumo ezincumisayo kakhulu, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba kukho ikamva Karaganda.

kuqamba yobuhlanga

Siye wafunda sabemi besixeko ka Karaganda. Indlela ezakhiwe ngayo iintlanga akukho ngaphantsi kubalulekile ukuqonda imeko demographic ezilalini. Makhe sibone ukuba ubuzwe ohlala ntoni e Karaganda.

Amaqela kakhulu ezininzi bohlanga Karaganda na Russian kunye Kazakhs. Iinkokeli Russian ngenani. isabelo sawo kubemi bebonke kwalo mzi 45.6%. Isabelo Kazakhs - 36,3%. Kumaxesha Soviet, inani Russian ngakumbi, olubalelwa kuba ngaphezu kwe-50% yabemi. Kodwa ixesha geqe Kazakhstan abe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yasekhohlo Russian eRashiya, noonyana kwemitshato engumxube, ukuba ngaphambili wayekhetha ukuba bazibize ngokuba Russian, kodwa ngoku uninzi nobalo zibonisa uhlanga "Kazakh".

Le elandelayo ngobukhulu uhlanga e Karaganda - Ukraine. Kuyinto mncinci kakhulu ninzi ngaphezu amaqela amabini edlulileyo. Okwangoku, esi isabelo Ukraine abemi abaninzi beso sixeko bebonke yi-4.8%. Ekuhambeni eSoviet kwexesha labo, kwakunye Russian, kwakukho abaninzi ngakumbi.

Oku kulandelwa amaJamani (3.3%) kunye Tatar (3.1%). Oku ikakhulu kwinzala abo zisuswa kummandla iVolga kunye eCrimea ngexesha repressions Stalin kaThixo.

Ngokuphawulekayo ngaphantsi Karaganda Korea (1.6%) kunye Belarusians (1.2%).

Kwisixeko zikhona izibonda, Chechens, Bashkirs, Azerbaijani Mordvins, kunye nezinye izizwe ezininzi. Kodwa inani labo ayiqalisi ukufikelela-1% yabo xa bebonke.

inkolo

E Karaganda kukho amahlelo ezininzi zonqulo. Noko ke, le eziphambili ezimbini ingqalelo: Christianity Orthodox and Islam. E Karaganda kukho amabandla Orthodox eziliqela, kwikhaya loonongendi kunye yecawa, leyo kumbindi Karaganda eso sithili. Esi sixeko zamaSilamsi ezisixhenxe iintswelo zonqulo yabantu yamaMuslim Karaganda.

Phakathi kwezinye iimvaba kufuneka zenziwe ubuKatolika namaProtestanti mahlelo. Kwisixeko kukho iicawa ezininzi zamaKatolika namaProtestanti. Ngaphandle Karaganda ngumbindi kwegama elifanayo yi yamaRoma Katolika eDayosisi. Kulo mzi kuphela ePhakamileyo Theological Seminary e Central Asia. Ngaphambili, amaKatolika namaProtestanti e Karaganda kwakungaphezu, kodwa ngokunxulumene ukuhamba labemi German emva kokuwa USSR eJamani yaye ngokuyinxenye kummandla iVolga, inani abaxhasi nemisinga zonqulo data lehlile kakhulu.

Abalandeli zezinye iinkolo e Karaganda, imali encinci.

amathuba zobuhlanga emzini

Xa inkqubo ukufunda umbandela safumanisa ukuba yabemi Karaganda for 2016 496,2 amawaka abantu. Kwakhona bafunda ubume zobuhlanga nonqulo abemi balo mzi. Ngokwahlukeneyo, kukho utshintsho Dynamics variables demographic zaye efunda.

Kakade ke, i-imi- 90 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela ayengafuni ezona kwimbali mzi. Ukuhla kwimveliso yabangela yayikukuphuphuma zabemi kunye kwentlekele yezibalo kwisikali yasekuhlaleni. Noko ke, kut- kancinane ekukhuleni labemi ukusukela ngo-2005, kwakunye nokuzinziswa demographic iparameters ezisisiseko, ivumela ukuba bajonge kunye ithemba ngekamva kwalo mzi emangalisayo.