Jvari Georgia: Inkcazo

Jvari - Monastery of the Cross oyiNgcwele, ngokuhamba kwexesha kuye kwatsala liyanda inani abahambi. Itempile ibekwe kwindawo entle weMtskheta, encotsheni yentaba. Xa ncomo wabhala ukuba ngeli xesha Sikhumbula amazwi imbongi Russian uMikhail Lermontov, kuba kulapha hlangana "jet Aragvi nezikhukukazi" yaye lenzwinini amaza foamy uphuthume Tbilisi endala.

Inxalenye ebonakalayo woonongendi ibhuqiwe, nangona icawa Enkulu isasetyenziswa nangoku iholide zonqulo ezinkulu kunye nemibhiyozo emitshatweni. Esi sakhiwo kuluhlu iinjongo UNESCO, phantsi isisongelo kukwaphulwa. Uluntu Ihlabathi eyabelwe imithombo yoncedo emininzi ukuze sihlale kuyo.

Ibali ephothiweyo ukusuka izibakala namabali

WeMtskheta yaba indawo apho eGeorgia lamkela ubuKristu ngo-334. Kule mini iya kuhlala kwikomkhulu yesiGeorgia Church Orthodox. Jvari, okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuba, i Monastery of the Cross, uthathwa omnye omdala eCaucasus. Ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba yayakhiwe kwisiza apho St. Nino, mfazi wevangeli, kwinkulungwane IV wadala uluntu zokuqala zamaKristu. Njengoko ibali eya, wayeka apha kwaye wathandaza ithuba elide, yaye emva koko ugxunyekwe emnqamlezweni emhlabeni. Ngonyaka 545 itempile yokuqala kwakhiwa kule ndawo. Kamva, yena ogama Minor Jvari ibandla. Ngelishwa, ayiyi zigcinwe.

Itempile yesibini kunye ezinkulu ngokuba Enkulu Church of Jvari yakhiwa kufutshane, phakathi kweminyaka 586 no 605. Wavele, iintsalela umxhasi ongcwele Georgia sangcwatywa phantsi kwasekusekweni weemonki. Le ndawo ithathwa i engcwele ezininzi hayi nje kuphela kweli lizwe kodwa mmandla North Caucasus.

bokwakha

Jvari Monastery - umzekelo ocacileyo nokwenziwa ka-Mpuma kunye nemilinganiselo Western, malilungiselelwe inkcubeko yasekuhlaleni ubugcisa kunye nendalo esingqongileyo. Little sakhiwo sihle macala wayesuke okuqala izakhiwo zamaKristu Georgian yaye wendele inani namabhongo zobugcisa bobugcisa abakhi yamandulo.

Itempile yenziwe lohlobo tetrakonhovomu (abane apse amalungiselelo enembonakalo emnqamlezweni kunye kancinci "empuma-ntshona" axis evuthelweyo). Izigqibo ezenziwe ngokusekelwe izibalo ngenyameko, nangoku umxhelo kwaye ubonise eminyaka ubudala isithethe izinto zokwakha.

ngontsi Deep phakathi conches ezine omise nesiphumo emasondweni amagumbi. South-West iphiko waba emnyango omnye kuphela, kwaye senzelwe kwabasetyhini. Wide open central libe isithuba sithsaba amajukujuku eliphantsi nephakame ukusuka iindonga ezichaphazela kwimiqolo emithathu.

Yangaphandle ingaphakathi

ingaphakathi slim yetempile ezolile, ngokuvumelana kunye nobukhulu twisiseka ngokomoya, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, Wazomeleza amibala ukungabikho kunye nezinye izinto. Igumbi esikhanyayo yi ubuncinane (window-slits ezincinane namakhandlela), ngoko kukhangeleka isuntswana emnyama uqumbile. Ngasentla kwesibingelelo kukho umnqamlezo ngomthi - ukuba umhombiso etempileni. design zokuhombisa kubonisa ngokucacileyo impembelelo zobugcisa Sasanian.

Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo ubungqongqo imbonakalo yangaphandle. Ngokulinganayo obala iibhloko zamatye kunye ukulingana ngenyameko lwefacade ezine, bakha "iingalo umnqamlezo" waba impumelelo ezibalaseleyo kulwakhiwo, ingakumbi xa ucinga iingxaki zobugcisa ixesha kunye nendawo kwenxalenye yasentshona isakhiwo a eweni. Phakathi imikrolo zodonga osempuma, ungafumana eni ookumkani kunye amabhere, owakha eMonastri Jvari kunye nemibhalo ecacisayo kulwimi yesiGeorgia. Oku kuqwalaselwe impembelelo izithethe zamaGrike.

Ingaphandle yecawe elivisisanisa isithuba ingaphakathi ngobugcisa ezizimeleyo. Olu phawu yenza eyahlukileyo iBandla ukusuka amabandla Byzantine apho umbutho isithuba elingaphakathi kwindawo ephambili enkulu.

Indlela ukuya weemonki Jvari?

Njengoko ingxelo yi ncomo, umgama ukusuka Tbilisi ukuya weMtskheta imalunga-19 km, ixesha kwi imoto kuthatha imizuzu engama-20.

iiteksi zikamasipala zisebenza imihla. NgeCawa, inani moya kunciphisa kabukhali. Misa e Tbilisi imi emarikeni (isikhululo metro "Didube" isikhululo ixabiso yokuhamba xa engaphantsi ezisisigxina -. 0,50 Gel - kwaye komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni kumgama). Bephuma engaphantsi, kuyimfuneko ukuba bapase uthotho iivenkile-enomgangatho omnye kwaye jika ngasekunene. Ukusuka apha iya ezininzi ngeebhasi kumacala ahlukeneyo. Amatikiti zingathengwa kwi-ofisi ibhokisi okanye ahlawule ngqo kumqhubi. Noba 1 gel.

Ukuphonononga zithi xa akukho umnqweno yakuhlawula, ngoko musa ingqalelo ezehla apho abaqhubi beeteksi bengasebenzi - babe ingxelo ukuba iteksi e Jvari musa ukufikelela okanye iinkonzo zabo ziya zibiza ngaphantsi. Oku akuyonyani.

Unako kwakhona ukuqhuba imoto yakho okanye itekisi. Ukuba usebenzisa iinkonzo njengomthuthi yabucala, ngoko, phambi kokuba angene emotweni, kuyimfuneko ukuba kuvunyelwane ngexabiso. Iindleko Ibanga 10 ukuya 20 gel. Le isipaji iya kuba atshiphu, kuba isiphumo wahlulwe yi bonke abakhweli.

amacebo aluncedo

sele I-ncomo batyelela Georgia amanqugwala, uyakwazi ukufunda ezinye iingcebiso. Ngoko ke, phakathi kwezinye izinto:

• IiPilgrims kunye nabantu nje ukwazi kufuneka bathobele imithetho ethile yokuziphatha, ukuya Jvari Monastery. Iifoto nevidiyo ukuvelisa ezinye amaqhekeza kuyathintelwa ngokungqongqo. Kuyanceda ukuba wenze impazamo obekwe kwi kummandla kwamacwecwe ezizodwa.
• Umgangatho bubuhle kufuneka baphathe isikhafu 2. Omnye ukuba nesigqubuthelo entloko, owesibini, ukuba umfazi iibhulukhwe, kuyimfuneko ukuba zibaqamangele, kokulingisa isondo. Ukuba akunjalo ugqunywe komyolelo, awukwazi kucaphuka - emnyango ukuya iiqhiya etempileni ijinga, okanye ngezikafu, eza kwenziwa ukuyisebenzisa.

Namanqaku metal isicelo kuso wayesebenzisa odumileyo weMtskheta. Jvari wavula endaweni yayo ivenkile isipho encinane apho unako ukuthenga kundikhumbuza le tyelelo trinket - uhombiso, umnqamlezo, ityathanga, kwakunye neekhalenda, iimagnethi, incwadi, ngerosari okanye amanzi ngcwele.

Ukongeza, abahambi ncomo bathi ukutya zokutyela weMtskheta nencasa kakhulu kwaye sitshiphu ngaphezu elingana e Tbilisi.

Indawo yokuhlala kuba ubusuku weMtskheta iya kuzisa umonakalo encinane nebhajethi ngaphezu ngqo kwikomkhulu Georgian, kunye nokuba kufutshane xa kuthelekiswa kwizixeko ezinkulu kunye nonxibelelwano oluhle kunye nazo, ukuvumela ukuba ukuhlola ezinye iindawo ezikufutshane.

Yintoni enye ukubona weMtskheta?

Ngo-2004, uluhlu World Monuments Fund izibandakanya woonongendi Jvari. Georgia kwindawo esisityebi weMtskheta kunye nezinye izakhiwo omkhulukazi. Ngoko ke, xa kukho ngokutsha labakhenkethi abaye batyelela apha ngasentla:

• Svetitskhoveli (Intsika Ukuphila) - enye yeendawo bungcwele Georgia, kunye woonongendi Jvari. Le ndlu yecawa ngowe-1010 apho ibandla lokuqala lamaKristu lizwe. Kuyo kulala kumangcwaba ookumkani Georgian bamandulo, kuquka Sidonia, owathi, njengoko legend linaso, wangcwatyelwa ingubo kaKristu ezandleni zakhe.

• Samtavro (iNdawo Mlawuli) ebekwe ngasentla kwendlela engundoqo, ukuhamba nje imizuzu embalwa 'ukusuka Svetitskhoveli. Ngokutsho legend, eSt Nino wathandaza kule ndawo, yaye ngoko ibandla elincinane ukususela kwinkulungwane IV kwakhiwa apha. Ngenkulungwane XI, oko wabeka itempile ubukhulu enkulu. Nangoku iqulethe amangcwaba Georgian uKumkani Mirian, waguquka kubuKristu, nomfazi wakhe uNana.
• Bebris Tsikhe (Fortress Elder) ebekwe phezulu ukusuka kwindlela enkulu Samtavro. Ingxelo reviews ukuba enyuka kumabhodlo enqaba elunge kakhulu ubumnandi, kodwa ekhuselekileyo. Ukususela ngqungquthela uvula intlambo akhiwa isiphambuka yemilambo Kura kunye Aragvi.