IsiBeki - yintoni na le nto? Umgaqo ukusebenza, ukusetyenziswa

Kweli nqaku uza kufunda malunga iinkqubo elekhtrons. IsiBeki - lo ngumgaqo wokuqala, nto leyo evumela ukudibanisa kwi efunekayo olinganise ipetroli kunye nomxube air-fuel lokulungiselela nokuhambisa kwi kwigumbi injini yokutsha. Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwaye oku namhla - nokungalawuleki, chainsaws, mowers njalo njalo. Yiloo iinkqubo isitofu injector nje kushishino lweemoto, baye kudala sele lithathelwe indawo, advanced ngakumbi abachubekileyo.

Yintoni પ્રતિલિપિ ikopi?

IsiBeki - sisixhobo ukuba ixutywa amafutha kunye nomoya, ithatha umxube okukhokelela an ubuninzi inani le injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi. carbs bokuqala kungasebenzi nje sivumele umoya amanzi phezu komhlaba zamafutha (kwimeko - petrol). Kodwa ke inkoliso yabo kamva asasazwa isixa enemitha zepetroli emoyeni umlambo. Le umoya udlula nemilomo. Kuba imeko isiBeki kwezi ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu.

Le isiBeki ibe iyunithi esisiseko axube amafutha kunye umoya lwangaphakathi yokuvutha injini ukuya ku-1980, xa ungaqinisekanga malunga nokusebenza nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Xa ukutshiswa amafutha wavelisa ezikhutshwayo emininzi eyingozi. Nangona carburetors zazisetyenziswa eUnited States, iYurophu kunye namanye amazwe aphuhlileyo de yee-1990, baye basebenza kunye neenkqubo ezininzi esilawula kunye ukuhlangabezana neemfuno egesi.

History of uphuhliso

Iintlobo ngeentlobo carburetors ziqulunqwe kwiqela oovulindlela kushishino lweemoto, kuquka kwinjineli waseJamani Karl Benz, umqambi yaseOstriya uSiegfried Marcus, i umphengululi IsiNgesi Frederick W. Lanchester, kunye nabanye. Ngenxa yokuba iindlela ezininzi kangaka ezahlukeneyo wokuxuba umoya kunye nepetroli ke isetyenziswe kule minyaka yokuqala ubukho kunye nophuhliso imoto (kunye carburetors ekuqaleni iinjini epetroli emileyo nazo kusetyenziswa), kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda ukuba ngubani na Umsunguli kwesi sixhobo ephucukileyo.

iintlobo carburetors

yokuqala hlukile indlela engundoqo yokusebenza. Kwakhona zahlukile kakhulu mihla, ngubani alawula ngenxa enkulu zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. isiBeki chainsaw Modern ukuba uhlobo isitshizi, kwaye ezifana zisetyenziswa kwizithuthi mihla. Ndizekela kwasentloko, yimbali, ngoko ukuthetha, ulwakhiwo lungohlulwa lube iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili:

1. Umphezulu-uhlobo carburetors.
2. Spray isiBeki.

Cinga ngokweenkcukacha kamva.

carburettors kumphezulu

Zonke zoyilo yokuqala umphezulu isiBeki, nangona kwakukho ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kolu didi. Umzekelo, Zigfrid uMarkus yaqalisa into ebizwa ngokuba "ujikeleza ibrashi-carb" ngo-1888. Kwaye Frederick Lanchester iphuhlise uhlobo lakhe isiBeki nomsonto ngo-1897.

isiBeki edadayo yokuqala ziyilwe 1885 ngu UWilhelm Maybach kunye Gottlieb Daimler. Karl Benz patent edadayo-uhlobo isiBeki kwakhona malunga ngexesha elifanayo. Noko ke, le misebenzi yoyilo yokuqala umphezulu isiBeki abasebenze ngokuwisa umoya phezu komhlaba amafutha ukuze uwahlanganise. Kodwa kutheni kufuneka sibe injini isiBeki? Ngaphandle kokuba ayizange iphumelele feed kwamafutha mxube ukutsha (injector kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba lalingekafiki kwaziwa) iseli.

Uninzi kumphezulu kwezixhobo ezingaqhutywa ngumbutho uwase elula. Kodwa kwakukho nezinye carbs, ukuba eyaziwa ngokuba izixhobo ezisebenza ngokuncama 'sitshiswa ngamalanga "(ekwabizwa ngokuba carburetors filter). Zisebenza ngokunyanzela emoyeni ukuya phezulu nge emazantsi egumbini kunye amafutha. Oku kukhokelela umxube womoya kunye amafutha phezu isambuku zepetroli. Kwaye lo mxube koko ukumvumela ukuba ngezilingo otyiwa.

spray isiBeki

Nangona carburettors kumphezulu ezahlukeneyo mo kulo bamashumi yokuqala emotweni, isiBeki yokutshiza baqalisa ukuhlala i-niche ebalulekileyo Ekuveleni kwiinkulungwane 19-20th. Kunokuba athembele komphunga, ezi carburettors eneneni kutshizwa ukusuka isixa enemitha zepetroli emoyeni eye ukusivumela emoyeni otyiwa. Ezi carburetors edadayo kusetyenziswa (njengoko Maybach kunye noyilo ngaphambili Benz). Kodwa ke wenze ngokwesiseko Bernoulli umgaqo kwaye isiphumo Venturi njengezixhobo mihla ezifana K-68 isiBeki.

Enye zetoti carburetors ezinganeno na ekuthiwa-isiBeki uxinzelelo. Wabonakala yokuqala 1940. Nangona carburetors xi bafana zetoti ngaphandle nje, eneneni baba imizekelo zokuqala yamacebo elekhtrons ngenkani (injectors). Kunokuba athembele isiphumo venturi ukuba ndimanyise amafutha egumbini, yengcinezelo amafutha itshizwe ukusuka ivelufa isiBeki phantse ngendlela efanayo njengoko injectors mihla. Carburetors baba esimbaxa ngakumbi ngexesha 1980 and 1990.

Yintoni i "Carb '?

"Carb" - yinto igama IsiNgesi, ethatyathwe kwikota carbure in French - ". Khabhayithi" carburer French nje lithetha "ukuba sibumbane (into) kunye carbon." Ngokufanayo, igama IsiNgesi "isiBeki" Nngokobuchwepheshe lithetha "ukwanda umxholo carbon."

Ngokufanayo, le isiBeki isebenza K-68, nto leyo ezisetyenziselwa uhlobo "Tula" ngezithuthuthu (kamva "Mbovane"), izithuthuthu "phambene" yaye "Dnepr".

izakhi

Zonke iindidi carburetors kuba namacandelo ahlukeneyo. Kodwa izixhobo zale mihla eziliqela iimpawu ezifana ngazo, kubandakanywa:

1. Umoya wadlula (ityhubhu venturi).
2. Ukunyathela umcephe wokunyusa vana.
3. iduma Solenoid.
4. Ukukhawulezisa impompo.
5. kwegumbi પ્રતિલિપિ ikopi (primary, Dadisa, njalo njalo).
6. Isixhobo edadayo.
7. Le inwebu isiBeki ukutshintshwa amafutha.
8. Izikrufu ngokulungisa.

njani a isiBeki?

Zonke iintlobo carburetors asebenza iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, nazitshetshe-uhlobo carburetors umsebenzi, nto enyanzela umoya kugqitha phezu komhlaba ezifunxa igesi-buzane. Oku kubangela komphunga zepetroli emoyeni. Kunjalo umsonto izixhobo uhlobo (kunye nezinye umphezulu) akusebenzi ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka eyadlulayo.

carburetors ezininzi ezisetyenziswa izithuthi namhlanje basebenzisa indlela yokufefeza. Bonke zisebenza ngendlela efanayo. Modern carburetors umsebenzi yi isiphumo Venturi kukha amafutha egumbini.

Imigaqo ezisisiseko isiBeki

Carbs, ezo zisekelwe Bernoulli siseko, kufuneka ezinye iimpawu. utshintsho uxinzelelo Air enokuxelwa kwangaphambili kwaye zixhomekeke ngqo kwi indlela ekhawuleza ngayo ihamba. Oku kubalulekile, kuba sicatshulwa umoya ngokusebenzisa isiBeki iqulathe emxinwa, venturi constricted. Kuyimfuneko ukuba akhawulezise emoyeni njengoko udlula kuyo.

Komoya (hayi umxube flow) ngokusebenzisa isiBeki ilawulwa i namafutha namafutha. Oku kuhambisana isivingco umcephe akhiwe isiBeki, ngoncedo intambo. Le valve ivale venturi xa enyovwayo namafutha ayisetyenziselwanga, kwaye ivula kwakhona xa le bhayisikile licinezelwe. Oku kukuvumela umoya amanzi ngokusebenzisa venturi. Ngoko ke, amafutha itsalwa egumbini ukuba axube. On migaqo kwaye zisekelwe isiBeki umsebenzi.

Uninzi carburetors babe kwivelufa ezongezelelweyo phezu venturi (ibizwa ngokuba ziliminxe, aye njengoko ezizisekondari umcephe). Ukunyathela umcephe wokunyusa ihlala evaliweyo ngokuyinxenye xa injini kubanda, leyo ukucutha ubuninzi umoya kucanda kulo પ્રતિલિપિ ikopi. Oku kukhokelela umxube owayesisityebi ratio umoya / amafutha, ngoko umcephe ukuvuleka (ngesandla okanye ngokuzenzekelayo) msinyane nje injini ukufudumala kwaye akusafuneki ukuba umxube sisityebi.

Amanye amacandelo iinkqubo પ્રતિલિપિ ikopi nawo yenzelwe ebambeleyo ekhankanyiweyo umxube air-fuel ngexesha iimeko ezahlukeneyo yokusebenza. Umzekelo, ivelufa nobu okanye intonga wekhadi kunokwandisa izibaso kwi umcephe evulekileyo, okanye kwenzeka ukuphendula kuxinzelelo ephantsi kweli kwinkqubo ezincamathelayo (okanye umcephe kwindawo eyiyo). IsiBeki - yinto efunekayo enzima isiseko ebonakalayo yokusebenza yayo inzima.

iingxaki

Ezinye carburetors ngxaki ingasombululwa ngokulungisa beziya umoya, umxube okanye niyahiliza, ngexa eminye ifuna ukulungiswa okanye ukutshintshwa. Amaxesha amaninzi kunxitywe isiBeki inwebu liyayeka ukuba yokumpompa ipetroli kungena egumbini.

Xa isiBeki akaphumeleli, injini akayi ukusebenza kakuhle phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ezinye iinkqubo iingxaki પ્રતિલિપિ ikopi kukhokelela ekungaphumelelini injini, oko ngesiqhelo iduma ngaphandle uncedo (umz, umzobo okanye sokufunxa podgazovki njalo). Iingxaki zixhaphakileyo kwenzeka ngexesha kubanda, xa injini yeyona nzima ukusebenza. A isiBeki, leyo isebenza kakuhle ukuba injini ebandayo sisebenze ngokwesiqhelo xa ubushushu (oku ngenxa yeengxaki ngemizila coking).

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isiBeki ukuze motoblock kumafa layo enye imoto. Umahluko kwenani lweziqalelo kunye nobukhulu zabo. Kwezinye iimeko, ingxaki isiBeki ingasombululwa ngokulungisa ngesandla umxube okanye besonqena isantya. Ukulungiselela le njongo umxube ngokuqhelekileyo ilungiswe ujikeleziso ngezikhonkwane omnye okanye ngaphezulu. Bona fixed kwemithambo inaliti. Ezi ngezikhonkwane amandla emzimbeni misa ivalve inaliti, kwaye oku kukhokelela kukuba izibaso ingacuthwa (umxube ndayame) okanye ukwanda (is ahlanganiswe umxube) ngokuxhomekeke imeko ethile.

isiBeki yokulungisa

Iingxaki ezininzi iinkqubo isiBeki ingasombululwa ngokwenza utshintsho okanye enze ezinye iziziba ngaphandle kokususa ifowuni evela injini. Ukunyenyisa પ્રતિલિપિ ikopi ngenxa motoblock, akukho mfuneko ukuyisusa. Kodwa ezinye iingxaki ingasombululwa kuphela kunye nokususwa ifowuni kunye nokufunyanwa yayo ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokungaphelelanga. ukusebenza Ukufunyanwa kwe પ્રતિલિપિ ikopi kudla ngokuquka kususwa block, disassembling libe zizabelo, yaye ilungiselelwe nokucoca kunye kwisinyibilkisi ukulungiselela le njongo.

Uninzi amacandelo zangaphakathi, seals kunye nezinye iinxalenye ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba indawo phambi ufakelo. Kuphela emva kokuba unyango olunzulu kuyimfuneko ukuba ahlanganise isiBeki kwaye endaweni. Ukuba bachithe inkonzo esemgangathweni, kuya kufuneka ikhithi wokulungisa isiBeki. Oku kuquka zonke izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kuyilo.

Ngenxa yoko, siye safumanisa ukuba isiBeki - kuba ngokoqobo isixhobo yongeza amafutha (amafutha) emoyeni ukhulula umxube egumbini injini yokutsha.