Agora endala njengenxalenye Athens

Acropolis eAthene - lesikhumbuzo ngokwembali, ngumzekelo ekhethekileyo inkcubeko yamandulo yamaGrike, kubandakanywa i-World Heritage Site yi-UNESCO. Ukuze ixesha elide yayisebenza iziko yentlalo nenkcubeko ukuze abahlali lwe mfene.

Imbali ingenzeka

Ngenxa yokusabela kwiintshaba Acropolis - le igama inxalenye endala aseAthene - iye yasetyenziswa yi lwabantu bendawo ekupheleni ka III nkulungwane BC. e. Ukuqiniswa ezindongeni elishumi iimitha high elinantandathu - ezibanzi. Ndzulu kwentaba lungasetyenziswa kwicala yasentshona okanye entla. Kulo mzekelo, owayesakuba zichanile kangako, ngoko emnyango ukomeleza abahlali balapha kakhulu ngakumbi.

Kwicala langasentla inxalenye yamandulo aseAtene, kuyabonakala ukuba, yaba iintshinyela kakuhle efihlwe kwetyholo. Ukuze kube bahlabeka ematyeni okunyuka elimxinwa. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ekungeneni kumantla ukuya ilitye ekomelezeni sabekwa, ngasentshonalanga kuphela igcinwe.

Acropolis njengeziko zentlalo nenkcubeko

Ngoko ke, i Acropolis - ligama inxalenye yamandulo baseAthene. Ekuqaleni kwalo kwaba induli lengxondorha apho zokuzifaka apha edolophini. Noko ke, kule nkulungwane yesibini BC, njengoko lubonakalisiwe iziphumo ngabembi apha baba kwisimangalo esebenzayo, abalawuli yentlanganiso, ngokunjalo umsebenzi zonqulo zoluntu. Ngokomzekelo, abaphengululi akuyifumana ibala, nto leyo, mhlawumbi, enkundleni ngenxa iimfihlelo zamandulo zamaGrike. Esangweni osemantla Acropolis wenzela kakuhle, nto leyo evumela ukuba abahlali, ezibe emva iindonga enqatyisiweyo, amanzi okusela ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Gekatompedon

Isixeko samandulo baseAtene ezikhumbuzo zayo uyakwazi babe indawo ephambili kuphando kwimbali karhulumente zamaGrike. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ipesenti yabantu ezidolophini ngaloo mihla eziphezulu kakhulu kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Izixeko zazibaluleke kakhulu kuyo kubomi polis. Athens, nto, laya engundoqo lorhwebo nolawulo nokwaba kulo lonke lweMeditera. Ezi meko zinje ludlale abayimizekelo yesiko ekubunjweni komzi. Agora njengoko inxalenye yamandulo aseAtene, edume iitempile yayo.

Ngoko, kwi BC ngenkulungwane VI. e. Gekatompedon kwakukho itempile ( "stofutovy"), eyakhiwe imbeko uthixokazi Athena kwaye obonisa ubuhle obukhulu. main yaso amasango Propylaea, ezihonjiswe kwimiqolo. Khwela ku icawa ngcembe kwi ithambeka endulini, nayo leyo eyandisa imbonakalo isiphumo emangalisayo. Kwakhona, ukuba izakhiwo zetempile kunye iingcango zalo ingakumbi ulingano, apho abakroli kamva lesiGrike elisetyenzisiweyo ukuyila imifanekiso ukuze ayivathise pediment itempile.

iParthenon

Kamva, kwisiza wamiswa Gekatompedon nokuba buvele etempileni - kuyo itempile iParthenon (iminyaka 447-437 BC, a nomkroli - .. Phidias). Ukuze ufikelele itempile, saba neendwendwe ukuba pre-esa ngayo, njengoko yokungena yayimi phezu icala ukusuka esangweni ngaphambili. Oku kwenziwa ngenjongo yokuba iindwendwe wayeyiva umoya lokucheba etempileni kuzakucwangcisa indlela echanekileyo. Ngoko ke, phezu eludongeni kuyo itempile iParthenon bas tape kwayilwa, enomfanekiso ezinkulu umngcelele imbeko Athena: abakhweli, amantombazana kunye yesundu amasebe awo ezandleni (umqondiso woxolo), amanene namadoda amakhulu.

Okwangoku, itempile zikwimeko esihle.

Erechtheion

Umsebenzi ekudalweni kule ndlu (421-405 BC) yaba elide kwaye onzima, njengoko ukufana wachacha ezinye ezinomtsalane kwisixeko abachatshazelwa yi iimfazwe lwamaGrike-Persian. Ngako oko, le mali ukuze kwakhiwe azikuvumeli kakhulu.

Ekuqaleni, umqalisi kokwakhiwa kwetempile wathetha umlawuli baseAthene Pericles, kwaye wezakhiwo ibuye ibe Phidias. Noko ke, ukuze kwakhiwe isakhiwo esihle emva kokufa Pericles ', phantsi kolwalathiso wezakhiwo Mnesikles.

Igama lengcwele imbeko Athene ukumkani Erechtheus. Acropolis ingxenye endala aseAtene, kwi bokwakha baboniswa amabali amaninzi ye kwiintsomi zamaGrike. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho legend, wayengunyana ka-Erechtheus Hephaestus (uthixo lomlilo kunye umxhasi ongcwele mkhandi) kunye Gala (umhlaba yesithixokazi). Ngexesha imfazwe isixeko Eleusis, wabangela ongumahlukanisi, Erechtheus wambulala ke , unyana ka-Poseidon (Evmolpiass), Yayingubani inkokeli nakuwubona ngababusi. Ukuphendula, i nomsindo uthixo amanzi encediswa umzalwana wakhe kaZeyus wazisa phezu umlawuli baseAthene kombane. Kunye Erechtheus wafa. Ngelo xesha kwi Acropolis kuthiwa walondoloza umkhondo we umbane cishe, abatshabalalisa nemàbhula eziliqela. Kwakhona zindlu engcwabeni Erechtheus, indawo apho itempile eponymous wamiswa.

ibhokisi Architecture Erechtheion. Itempile libunjwa emilukweni yomibini engalinganiyo ertyisi, apho ame kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Kwinxalenye esempuma zetempile sungula ku Athena, ngasentshonalanga - Hephaestus, Poseidon, kunye Booth, umbingeleli yokuqala uthixokazi Athena kunye umzalwana wakhe Erechtheus.