Izixhasi zokhuni zamagqabi egesi: umveliso, ubunzima, ubomi benkonzo, imithetho yokufakela

Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisemgangathweni kwindlela yokwenza izibonelelo zonxibelelwano kulungelelanisa ngeendlela ezininzi. Enye yezinto eziphambili zeli khetho kubasebenzisi abaninzi lixabiso eliphantsi. Iipolisi ezingabizi ngokwabo azizithengi kwaye kwinkqubo yokusebenza ayifuni ukuba i-investments in maintenance. Isisombululo esinjalo sinceda ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zokudlulisela amandla (LEPs) kwiimeko zezulu ezinzulu. Izinto eziphathekayo ziphikisana neziqhwala kunye nomoya we-squall, kwaye akayi kuhlaziywa phantsi kwezenzo zokunyusa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izibonda zokhuni zemigudu yokudlulisela imitha zinokungalungi, okuyinxalenye enkulu, ezibandakanya izibonakaliso ezinamandla. Ngenye indlela, kukho imibutho embalwa echaphazelekayo ekuncediseni izixhobo zombane ezithembele kulolu hlobo lenkxaso.

Ukulungiswa kwezinto eziyimveliso zokhuni

Njengesizathu seembalo ezisekela imida yokudlulisa amandla, iinqununu eziqinileyo zeentlobo ezininzi ze-coniferous zikhethiweyo. Njengomthetho, ngenxa yamandla amakhulu kunye nokuchasana nempembelelo yangaphandle yezidingo ezinjalo, iipine okanye i-fir ikhethiwe. Ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa kunye nokugqithisa izigodo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba zeziphi iindidi ezikhethiweyo, isiqendu ngasinye sithotyelwe uviwo olunzulu malunga nomonakalo wefungal kunye nenambuzane. Oku kubalulekile ukugcinwa kokulandelelaniswa kwezikhombisi zezobugcisa nezisebenzayo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-teknoloji eyenziwa ngayo ukuveliswa kwezibonda zokhuni, unyango oluphambili lwe-substrate lunokubandakanya ukuqhutyelwa kwe-peeling and debarking. Ngoxa uncedo lwamacandelo oomatshini abakhethiweyo aqhutywe, ngexesha apho uluhlu oluphezulu lususwe khona, ukwenzela ukuba esikhathini esizayo akuphazamise ukungena kokungqinelwa kokukhusela.

Ukwenziwa kwetheknoloji yokuxhasa

Isigaba esisemgangathweni semveliso yeengxowa zenkxaso zibandakanya ukuqhutyelwa kwezinto zokufakelwa ukwenza ukuvuleka kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nezimbobo. Iiphelo ezicwangcisiweyo zikhuselekile kunye neepestile ezizodwa sele zikwinqanaba lokucokiswa kokusisiseko. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukulungiswa kwezicucu ezikhoyo, ukutyhulwa kunye nokuqhekeka - zinokupheliswa ngaphandle kokuba ubunzulu abukho ngaphezu kwe-10% yobubanzi bomsebenzi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwinkqubo yokupakisha, ukuveliswa kwezibonda zokhuni zendlela yokudlulisela amandla kwamanye amabhizinisi kuquka ukusetyenziswa kweemplates ezizodwa. Kubo, umzekelo, iiparitha ze-grind kunye ne-nicks zihlolwe.

Emva koko uqala isigaba sokumisa, esilungiselela ukhuni lokungeniswa. Ngokwemimiselo, izixhobo zokukhusela zingasetyenziswa kuphela kwimeko yokuba umswakama we-massif ayikho ngaphezu kwama-28%. Izigodo eziqingqiweyo zenziwe ngamagumbi akhethekileyo atyhulayo, anesakhiwo esingavamile. Inyaniso kukuba kwiiyunithi ezifudumalayo zokuhamba komoya azihambisani nomsebenzi, kodwa ziyajikeleza. Ngaloo ndlela, ukucinywa nokugqithisa kwezinto akuvumelekanga.

Ukufakelwa kwezibonelelo

Ukusetyenziswa kweemfuno ezikhethekileyo kuhlose ukukhusela ukhuni, ukuphahlazeka kwesakhiwo kunye, ngokubanzi, ukulahleka kwentsebenzo phambi kweempembelelo zangaphandle. Ngokukodwa, izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo zikhusela iziseko zokhuni zombane wamandla ukusuka ekuhlaselweni kwefungal, ukuhlaselwa kwezilwanyana kunye nokuphuhliswa kwesikhunta. Ukhuseleko olunjalo, umzekelo, lunikeza isicatshulwa samanzi esisombululo esisuka kwintsapho yeSSA. Lo mveliso uphumelela kakhulu kwaye ubume bendalo, okwenza kube yenye yezona ntlobo eziqhelekileyo zokufakwa.

Kwinqanaba lokuqala, emva kwesicelo, i-vacuum yenziwe ngandlela-thile, inceda ukususa umswakama ongaphezulu kwimihlathi yamatye. Kamva izixhobo ezisebenzayo zobunqamlezo zichithwa kulo lonke uhlobo lomthi, luyomeleza kwaye lube ngumqobo wokukhusela.

Ubukhulu nobukhulu

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeentsika, ezibangela ukungalingani ngobukhulu. Ngoko, inqanaba lokuqala li-9.5 m ubude, elinesibalo se-160 mm. Ubunzima beli bhala ngu-200 kg. Emva koko landela amandla axhasayo, angafikelela ubude be-11 m, ububanzi bawo sele bu-210 mm, kunye nobukhulu - 300 kg. Izakhiwo ezinamandla kunazo zonke ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ukukwazi ukunyamezela imithwalo yempahla kwenza ukuba kube nokwakha inkxaso yokhuni yamagqabha okudlulisela amandla, ubunzima bawo bufikelela kuma-kg kg. Ngexesha elifanayo, ubude buhlala bufana naleyo kwimeko yamandla aphakathi, imitha eyi-11. Noko ke, ububanzi beli lenkxaso landa kuma-240 mm.

Ixesha lokusebenza

Ngokuxhomekeke kwitheknoloji yokuvelisa, ubomi benkonzo ngokulinganayo kuyahluka ukusuka kwiminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwe-20. Le yimijelo ephakathi, kuba kukho izigodo, isibonelelo sokusebenza esingadluli kwiminyaka emihlanu, kunye nezakhiwo eziphezulu ezigcina iimpahla zazo zangaphambili emva kweminyaka engama-50. Njengomgaqo, ubomi benkonzo yesiqinisekiso semigodi yeenkuni i-LEP ayidluli iminyaka eyi-10. Ngokwenza oko, ngokuqhelekileyo, izibonda eziqhelekileyo zolu hlobo zisetyenziselwa iminyaka emi-5-7. Eli thuba elifutshane libangelwa ukungabikho kokugcinwa kakuhle kwesibonelelo okanye into yokuba kwinqanaba lokuvelisa, akukho mfuneko ekhethekileyo yokusetyenziswa. Ngendlela, kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zokhuseleko lwezixhobo, ixesha lokusebenza lenkxaso linokuhlala iminyaka engama-4-6. Iziyobisi zanamhlanje ziyimfuneko ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-15. Nangona kunjalo, kuninzi kuxhomekeke kwindlela inkqubo yokucwangcisa eyenziwa ngayo ngokubunjwa.

Ulawulo lomgangatho

Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuveliswa yenkxaso, izigaba eziliqela zokulawula umgangatho. Okokuqala kuqukwa ukuhlolisisa umbandela wexesha elizayo lombane wokuchaneka kwejometri. Emva koko, isitotyathi ithunyelwe ukunyuka. Ngaphambi kokungeniswa kwempahla, loo nto ihlolwe isalathisi somswakama, esingafanele sidlule i-28%. Emva koko, ukulawulwa kwimiqathango yokutshekisha kunikezelwa, ngexesha apho izixhobo zeso sixhobo sokukhusela apho izixhobo zokhuni zogqithiso ziye zenziwa. Imigaqo yokufakela ifuna ukuba izinto zihanjiswe kwisayithi yokufakela kunye nesakhiwo esilungisiwe. Ukuthobela le meko, i-teknoloji zivavanya ubunzulu bokungqiniswa, kwaye ngenxa yesiphumo sokuhlalutya, isatifikethi somgangatho esifanayo senziwa.

IQumrhu loQinisekiso

Ngethuba lenkqubo yendibano, i-rig igcwele isixhobo esisebenzayo esiya kufunwa xa udibanisa kumgca wamandla. Uluhlu lwemisebenzi yokufakela ngokuqhelekileyo lubandakanye ukumakisha indawo yeekhonkco, ukudala izimbobo zeekhonkco kunye nokufaka ngokuthe ngqo ukuqiniswa kunye nabasisi. Amanqaku okubeka iikhonkco ibhalwe ngethemplate, enokwenziwa kwinqanaba lebhasi yomxube we-aluminium. Njengomthetho, ukufakela iipalithi zokhuni zendlela yokudlulisela kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-drill zenziwa kumashishini abakhethekileyo kumveliso. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu komsebenzi kunye nomgangatho ofanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngethuba lokuthutha, isakhiwo esihlangeneyo singonakaliswa, ngoko ke ukucubungula ngomsebenzi ngezinye izenzo kuthathwa ngokukhawuleza kwisayithi yokufakela. Kule meko, ithuluzi lombane elingenazintambo lisetyenziswe ngendlela ye-screwdriver ene-drill function.

Inkqubo yokufaka

Uninzi lwamaxesha amaninzi, ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa koomatshini bokuqhuma. Kuphela kwezinye iimeko xa usebenza kunye nezakhiwo ezinzima okanye ngaphezulu, kucetywayo ukuba usebenzise iigranta zorhwebo. Kwiziko lokufakela, umgodi uqala kuqala, apho kuyo kufakwa ipolisi. Kumele ukuba ichithwe ngokucophelela, ukuba kuyimfuneko, i-drainage kunye ne-insulators ekhethekileyo. Emva koko, ukufakwa ngokuthe ngqo kwezibonda zokhuni zemizila yokudlulisa iqhutyelwa ngokusebenzisa ubuchule. Amagumbi osebenzayo we-crane okanye umshini we-crane-machine usetyenzise ukulungiswa kwikholam elungiselelwe, uze uyisuse emgodini. Kodwa oku kusebenza kwiinkxaso ezilula, obunokuphakama kwawo akudluli kwi-10 m. Izigodo ezinzima zifakwe emigodini enezikhonkwane zangaphambili zekhonkrithi - lo luhlobo lwesiseko apho ukulungiswa komatshini kwikholam kwenziwa.

Abavelisi bezibonelelo

E-Rashiya, iimveliso ezinjengezixhobo kunye nezixhobo zokuthengisela imida yokudlulisela amandla kummandla zimele ngokubanzi. Omnye wabameli abakhulu beli niche yi-Kotelnich plant-impregnation plant. Le nkampani iye yakhiqiza iipaliti eziphakamileyo zeeplanga iminyaka engaphezu kwe-30, kwaye kwiminyaka yamuva yatshintshele ngempumelelo kwimveliso ephezulu yokuvelisa iimveliso. Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi abakhiqizi beepalithi zokhuni zendlela yokudlulisela eRashiya zibandakanya ukuhlaziywa kwamandla, apho apho amashishini akwa-OSMK kunye neProprofTrade nawo anqunyulwa khona. Ukuba umenzi wokuqala okhankanywe ngokubhekisele ngokukodwa kwimveliso yezinto ezixhasayo, ngoko kuluhlu lwale nkampani, kunokwenzeka ukuba kufumaneke izinto zokuqinisa, izinto zokubambisa kunye nezinto ezincedisayo ngokukhethekileyo kwiimpawu zenkxaso ethile.

Izakhiwo ezikhonjiswe njengekhonkrithi njengenye indlela

Ngangoko kuyimfuneko ukuba uqaphele, ukuba ukusuka kwinqanaba lokujonga ukusebenza, kunenzuzo kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-design-ferrous-designs. Zithembeke ngakumbi kuzo zonke iiparameters zobuchwepheshe, kodwa, ke, zibiza kakhulu. Ngaloo ndlela, izibonda zokhuni zendlela yokuhambisa, kwimihlaba efanelekileyo, ziyakulinganisa kuphela iimpawu zokuqinisa izakhiwo zekhonkco kunye nempumelelo ethile. Le nto kwaye phantsi komqathango wokufakela umgangatho osemgangathweni awukwazi ukusebenza kangangoko kwisakhiwo sekhonkrithi. Nangona kunjalo, ubomi obuncinci benkonzo bupheliswa yindleko. Ukutshintshwa kwezibonda ngokuphindaphindiweyo kweminyaka engama-5 kuncinci kuqikelele ukusetyenziswa kweefomathi ezikhonjisiweyo.

Isiphelo

Izixhobo zokhuni ezenzelwe ukuhlela imizila yamandla, ziqinisekise ubungakanani bezinto zokwakha ezendalo. Ngaphandle kweeplastiki zeplastiki zangoku zithengiweyo zingenakuthatha indawo yezo zibonda. Kakade ke, oku akuthethi ukuba iipalithi zokhuni zemizila yokudlulisa inzuzo zixhamla kwiinqunto ngokwamandla kunye nokukhuseleka kwiimpembelelo zangaphandle. Ngaphezu koko, i-fiberglass efanayo yamanani amaninzi iya kuphuma kwizakhiwo zekhonkrithi. Kodwa ukuba uvavanya izixhobo ngokudibanisa iimpawu, ngoko ukhuni luncedo. Kulula ukucwangcisa, ukuvelisa, ukuhambisa, nokwenza imisebenzi yokuhlanganisana nayo.