Izinto eziphilayo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo yi ... Ziziphi izinto eziphilayo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo?

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yindlela yokufunda ye-biology. Ihlola izizathu kunye neendlela zokuphuhliswa kwembali yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Ukuguquka komntu kunempawu kunye nezimo.

Yintoni i-anthropology?

Ngokomxholo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, umntu njengezilwanyana zezilwanyana zenziwa phezu kwexesha elide. Iinkqubo zentlalo yophuhliso lwazo zifundwa yi-science ye-anthropology.

Ukuvela komntu kunempawu zayo. Ziquka into yokuba zombini kunye nezinto eziphilayo zezinto eziphilayo zithonya inkqubo yokwakha . Iqela lokuqala liquka ukukwazi ukusebenza, intetho, ukucinga okungabonakaliyo. Into ephilayo yezinto eziphilayo, ingakumbi, umzabalazo wobomi. Kwaye ukhetho lwendalo kunye nokuhlukahluka kobufa.

Izibonelelo ezisisiseko ze-evolutionary theory

Ngokutsho kwengcamango kaCharles Darwin, imeko yendalo yendalo ingenza utshintsho kwisakhiwo sezinto eziphilayo. Ukuba abayifumana ifa, inxaxheba yabo kwinkqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ayibalulekanga. Kwamanye abantu, utshintsho luvela kwiiseli zesini. Kule meko, umxholo uzuze ilifa. Ukuba ibonakalisa iluncedo phantsi kweemeko ezithile, izinto eziphilayo zinamathuba okuphila. Ziyakwazi ukulungelelanisa kwaye zinike inzala ekhulayo.

Umzabalazo wobomi

Into ebalulekileyo yezinto eziphilayo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngumzabalazo wokuphila. Ingundoqo yayo ibonakala ekukhuphiswano phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo. Isizathu sokubonakala kwayo kukungafani phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ekudleni nasekuzaleni. Ngenxa yoko, iindidi ezinokuzilungelelanisa kwiimeko ezithile zihlala.

Nangona kunjalo ukuba inkqubo yokuvela kwendoda yanamhlanje ilawulwa yimithetho jikelele, kukho inani leyantlukwano. Ukukhethwa kwemvelo okwenziwe kungekhona kuphela kumandla, amandla kunye nokunyamezela. Ukongeza kule miqondiso yemvelo, izinga lokuphuhliswa kwengqondo lidlala indima ekhethekileyo. Amathuba amakhulu okuphila ayenabantu abathile bafunde indlela yokwenza izixhobo zokuqala zabasebenzi kunye nokuzisebenzisa, ukuthetha nabanye abantu, ukusebenzisana.

Ukhetho lwendalo

Kulo mzabalazo wobukho, ukhetho lwendalo lwenzeka - inqubo yezinto eziphilayo, ngexesha apho abantu abaguquguqukileyo basinda kwaye bawandisa. Abo bangenakukwazi ukuzivumelanisa, bafe.

Ngaloo ndlela, i-biological factor of the evolution of human nature is a selection of nature. Ubunqwenelekayo kukuba abantu abanokuthi baxhamle ngokuziphatha ngokubanzi. Eyona nto ibonakalayo ngabantu abakha izixhobo ezintsha, bafumana izakhono ezintsha kunye noluntu. Xa kudlula ixesha, ukubaluleka kokhetho lwemvelo kwinkqubo ye-anthropogenesis yehle. Oku kubangelwa ukuba abantu basendulo bafunda ngokukhawuleza ukwakha, ukuvuselela nokufudumeza izindlu, ukwenza iimpahla, ukukhula kwezityalo, izilwanyana ezinomdla. Ngenxa yoko, ukubaluleka kokukhetha kwendalo kwancipha.

Ukuhlukahluka kobutyebi

Izinto eziphilayo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo zintlobo yokufa. Le propati yezinto eziphilayo ziyakwazi ukufumana iimpawu ezintsha kwiinkqubo zophuhliso lwabo kwaye zithumele ngelifa. Ngokwemvelo, ukubaluleka kokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwinkqubo ye-anthropogenesis yayinempawu ezixhamla kuphela.

Izidalwa zabantu zithatha iindidi ezifanayo eziphilayo kwizilwanyana zamammalia. Oku kubakho ubisi kunye neengqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungquthela, ezinwele, zokuzalwa Umzimba womzimba uhlulwe nge-septum ye-muscular ene-diaphragm kwiindawo ze-thoracic kunye nesisu. Izimpawu ezifanayo kukungabikho kwenuclei kwiiseli ezibomvu ze-erythrocytes, ubukho be-alveoli emiphakeni, umxholo oqhelekileyo wesakhiwo samasebe ahlukeneyo, amazinyo ahlukeneyo. Bobabini izilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana zinezakhiwo ezihlambulukileyo (ezingaphantsi). Ezi zibandakanya isithasiselo, isithathu lesipilisi, amaqhekeza omqolo wesibini kunye namanye. Oososayensi bayazi iimeko zokuzalwa kwabantu abaneempawu eziphathekayo zezilwanyana - umsila ophuhliweyo, umgca wezinwele eziqinileyo, inani elongezelelweyo leengono. Oku bubungqina obongezelelweyo bemvelaphi yomntu kwizilwanyana. Kodwa kwinkqubo ye-anthropogenesis kuphela iimpawu ezincedo kakhulu zigcinwe.

Ngokukhethekileyo kuphela abantu bemi bakala:

- ukukhwela ngokuthe tye;

- ukwanda kwe-cerebral kunye nokuncipha kwinxalenye ebusweni bekrele;

Unyawo olunqatyisiweyo ngesithupha;

- ibhrashi ehambayo, ukuhlukisana nesithupha kwisinye;

- ukwanda kwimiqulu yengqondo, ukuphuhliswa kwe-cortex yayo.

Ukuguquka kwezinto eziphilayo kwindoda kuhambelana ngqo nentlalo. Ngokomzekelo, ukukwazi ukuzalisa umlilo nokupheka ukutya kuncitshisi ubukhulu bamazinyo nobude bamathumbu.

Izinto eziphilayo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo ziyimfuneko yokuba kusetyenziswe uluntu, okubambisana kukhokelela ekuveleni komntu onengqiqo eMhlabeni.