Imibukiso: iimpawu kunye nokwakhiwa

Inkqubo yocingo, njengawo nawuphi na, inokubunjwa kwezinto ezihlukeneyo, eziye zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi osebenzayo. Ezi zibandakanya izixhobo zokuhlola, eziyimfuneko zokuncedisa kunye nokubeka iliso kwimeko yenkqubo. Ulungelelwaniso lokuhlola imithombo luyadingeka xa utshintshe ukuthambekela kwabaqokeleli, ububanzi bemibhobho kunye nolawulo lwazo.

Iintlobo zamanholes

Imibukiso, kuxhomekeke kwizinto eziyilo, zingabhekisela kwenye yeentlobo. Phakathi kwabo kuyimfuneko ukuhlula: i-linear, i-rotary, i-nodal, i-control, i-flushing, i-delta, kunye nabo baye bandisa ubungakanani be-hatch. Amanqaku afumaneka kwicandelo elichanekileyo, i-rotary isetyenziswe kulezo ndawo apho umgca wendawo yokuthuthwa kwamanzi uguqula isikhokelo saso. Umthombo weNodal ufumaneka kwiindawo apho amaqela athile axhunyiwe. I-node enjalo ayinakho ngaphezu kwe-feeders ezintathu kunye nombhobho omnye wokuphuma. Ukuba ngumqokeleli omkhulu, uyilo lubizwa ngokuba yiCandelo lokuxhuma. Amanxweme okulawula kufuneka axhotywe kwiindawo apho idirethi, umbane kunye ne-intra-quarter network inxibelelwano kwisitalato enye. Geza imithombo ifumaneka kwimimandla ephambili, apho kunqabileyo kunokwenzeka ngenxa yesantya esiphantsi. Ukufuneka kwabo kufuneke xa kufuneke ukuba kuqhutywe iipayipi.

Ukwakhiwa

Imibukiso ingaba yinto ethile, kodwa, ngokomthetho, zinempawu ezifanayo zokuyila. Ziqulethe ezi zinto zilandelayo: umhombo, i-tray, i-hatch, igumbi lokusebenzela kunye nesiseko. Zingenziwa kwizinto ezihlukeneyo, okuthi: iiplastiki, iibhenkri eziqinisiweyo, izitena okanye ilitye. Ukuba umthombo uphakathi kwintsimi ngaphandle kokupakisha, ngoko-ke kufuneka ukwakhiwa kwendawo eyimfama kuyadingeka, kuyimfuneko yokucima amanzi. Izibheno kwicebo lidla ngokuphindaphinda lihlobo lomxande okanye isangqa. Isiseko senziwe ngama- slabs aqinisekisiwe, aphakanyiswe kwi-pillow stone pillow. Kwiloyilo, umbhobho uphelela kwi-tray, eyona nto iyinxalenye yezobuchwepheshe. Kubalulekile ukuhamba kwamanzi okuthuthwa kwamanzi. Ukuphakama kwayo yonke indawo akufanele kube ngaphantsi kobubanzi bombhobho omkhulu. Yenziwe ngekhonkrithi ye-monolithic usebenzisa iiflathi. Kulo macala amabini kwiteyayiti ziphakanyiswe iithalafu, apho zikhona indawo zokusebenza. Ezi zinto kufuneka zibe ne-slope encinci, ejoliswe kwi-tray.

Yintoni enye into efunekayo ukuba ukwazi malunga neendlela zokuyila kwendoda

Amanzi amanzi afumana izitebhisi kunye nezityalo zokuzala. Kwaye ukuphakama kwawo kudla ngokulingana nama-1800 millimeters, ububanzi bufanele buhambelane nobubanzi bombhobho. Umqala, njengomthetho, ubukhulu obukhulu, obulingana nama-millimitha ayi-700. Ukukhangela ukuhlola iimithombo kufuneka kufumaneke kwindawo ephakamileyo ukusuka kwii-70 ukuya kuma-200 emithamitha ngaphezulu kwinqanaba lomhlaba. Eli qela lenza indima yokukhusela ikhamera ukuba iguqulwe. Ikhusela abantu kwiingozi. Njengoko izinto eziphathekayo zingasetyenziselwa isinyithi, kunye nezinto zepolymer, ezona ziqinileyo, zizinzile kwaye zilula. Inksimbi yensimbi, nangona ikhulu kakhulu, kodwa iyimfuneko yokubekwa kwendlela, apho iza kuthotyelwa imithwalo enzima.

Iimpawu zesigxina

Iimithombo zangaphambili zenziwe ngekhonkrithi kunye nezitena eziqinisiweyo, kodwa namhlanje izibhulu zeplastiki zisetyenziswe kaninzi , ezinemigangatho ephezulu. KwiNtshona, le teknoloji iye yaqhutyelwa ixesha elide. Ukuxhatshazwa kwamaqabunga aphantsi kwesi sixhobo akuzange kwongezwe kule mimveliso eRashiya ixesha elithile, kodwa namhlanje iiplastiki zanamhlanje zifanelekile kwiimozulu zomoya. Izakhiwo zeplastiki azifani nekhonkrithi eqinisekisiweyo malunga nantoni na. Isakhiwo sinesiseko, isikhokelo se-telescopic kunye nombhobho we-shaft. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho iindandatho zokuhlola iimithombo, kunye ne-hatch kunye nesitofu. Iinkqubo zePlastiki zinemivuzo eninzi ngaphezu kwekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo, kuba sele ikhuphe izimbobo ezixhomekeke kwimilinganiselo yombhobho yamanzi. Ukuba sithetha ngeenkqubo eziphathekayo zekhonkrithi, zidinga ukutshintsha imingxuma yamabhobho kunye nokubunjwa kwawo, okubonelela ngeendleko zexeshana nezemali.

Nangona ukuba imithombo yamaplastiki ibonakala ibuthakathaka ngokwaneleyo, ukunyaniseka kungabonakaliswa phakathi kweempawu zabo, kuba loo mveliso inokunyamezela. Ukuba, ngokuqwalasela enye yeemeko zesistim se-ewage system, ufumene umatshini wama-3634 99 - ukutshitshisa ama-manholes phambi kwakho. Banokufumana amamkeli akhethekileyo emvula yamanzi, ngalinye elo lililo kwiklasi yalo ngomthwalo. Ezi ziqhelekileyo zezi zifundo zilandelayo: iklasi B, enokukwazi ukulayishwa iitoni ezili-12,5, kunye neklasi D, inokumelana neetoni ezingama-40 zomthwalo ngexesha lokusebenza.

Iimpawu zendawo yokuhambisa amanzi eplastiki

Ukubonwa kakuhle kwamanzi kwiplastiki sele kutshanje kuthengwa ngabathengi. Oku kuba kungasetyenziselwa ukuhamba kweqondo lokushisa ngokubanzi--25 ukuya kwi-45 degrees. Ubungaphakathi bombhobho uphelele, obangela ukucoca okulula. Imithombo yamanzi ifakelwe ukuxhuma iipayipi zamanzi kunye nokuqokelela kwamanzi okuhambisa amanzi. Ukuphakama kombhobho oyintloko kunye nenani lamasigxina linokukhethwa ngumthengi ngabanye, yonke into iya kuxhomekeka kumhlaba. Ezi zakhiwo zikulungele ukukhonza iminyaka engaphezu kwama-50, kwaye zisekelwe kwiipayipi zepropropylene. Imibhobho yokuhlola imithombo ifumane ububanzi bokurhoxisa kumgama ukusuka kuma-63 ukuya kuma-millimitha angama-200, kanti ububanzi bombhobho ongundoqo bunomlinganiselo kwaye bulingana nama-315 millimeters.

Umgama phakathi kweentlobo zamanqatha ohlobo oluthile

Umgama phakathi kwama-manholes adibeneyo uya kuxhomekeka kububanzi bombhobho. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba ububanzi bungama-millimitha ama-50, umgama ungama-millimitha angama-35. Ukuba ububanzi bungaphezu kwama-millimitha angama-2000, inyathelo phakathi kweemithombo kufuneka libe ngamamitha angama-300. Ngexabiso eliqhelekileyo eliphakathi kwama-700 ukuya kuma-900, limele likhuphe imithombo phakathi komnye umgama wama-millimitha ayi-100.

Ubunzulu bokubakho kwemibhobho yemigodi yamanzi

Ukufakwa kwamanzi okuhlolwa kakuhle kufuneka kugqitywe ngokufaka iipayipi zombhobho. Ubunzulu bokulala kwabo buyahlukahluka ukusuka kwi-30 ukuya kuma-40 cm, kodwa ke kubalulekile ukuqwalasela umthamo wombhobho emhlabathini, kufuneka ube yintente enye kumitha nganye yendlela. Kwakungafanelekanga ukuba kuthathwe umthamo, ukungena emthonjeni kufanele kube phezulu, okuya kubangela ukuba ilahleko elincinci lilahleke. Musa ukulibala malunga nokuvalwa kwamanzi kwamanzi amanzi. Xa umba umsele, awudingi ukumba inotshi yobunzulu obuninzi, nokuba uceba ukuthulula umhlaba phantsi kombhobho. Kungcono ukushiya indawo encinci, njengokuba umhlaba otyityiweyo unokuqhubeka kunye nexesha, okuya kubangela ukulahlekelwa kwintlambo yendlela. Akuvumelekile ukubeka izinto phantsi komzila, njengoko zingonakalisa umbhobho.

Isiphelo

Unganqweneli ukuthenga izinto zeplastiki ngokubhekiselele kwikhonkrit eqinisekisiwe ngaphambi kokufakwa kweemithombo, ngenxa yokuba zihlambulukile, ziboleke ekutheni ziqhathaniswe ngokuthelekisa nje ngokufana nezindleko ezinzima, kwaye zineendleko eziphantsi. Xa ufaka, awudingi ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa, kunye nokulayisha nokukhupha, unokwenza lo msebenzi ngaphandle kokuncediswa. Izinto ezinjalo zilula ukuzisebenzisa, njengoko azidingi iimfuno zokucoca rhoqo. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa imveliso yendalo enobungakanani isetyenziswa.