Iziphumo ze Northern War - ukuvakaliswa yoBukhosi Russian

Proclamation ubukhosi Russian yaba wesibini ngoNovemba 1721 ngenxa Northern iMfazwe, leyo walwa phakathi manyano eyenziwa amazwe Nordic kwelinye icala, kunye uBukhosi Swedish - kwelinye icala. Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi eyathatha War Northern (1700 ukuya 1721) ukwenzela ukubusa kumazwe lweBaltic. Sweden elichithwe emfazweni, waphumelela Russian top. Uloyiso ekwiphondo laseMntla kwiMfazwe kukhokelele isibhengezo yoBukhosi baseRashiya.

Yenza okanye ixesha lokuphumla

Ngo-1721 kwakukho isibhengezo yoBukhosi Russian nekomkhulu yayo eSt Petersburg. Emva kokuba Mongolian kunye ubukhosi yaseBritani, obasekwa Peter I, ngaba urhulumente wesithathu ukuya kwindawo edume ngelo xesha. Noloyiso ngo-1721, xa eRashiya waba ubukhosi, ngaphandle kokuba ithuba ukungena kuLwandle lweBaltic. coast yayo oshiye nawa enamandla kunye nomkhosi.

Nengxelo ubukhosi Russian, kwaye ufumane i-All-Russian uMlawuli Petros isihloko kwenzeka kunyaka sibi igunya.

War Northern Enkulu. izizathu

Ngu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII Swedish uMbuso ukongamela olupheleleyo kuLwandle lweBaltic yaye elinye lamazwe aphambili e-Europe. amandla wayo indawo enkulu lizwe umdla yi-North Union (liquka Russia, ubukumkani Danish-Norwegian kunye Saxony). Ngowe-1697 Yibone Swedish Charles XII wayeneminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu. Oku ayikwazanga ingqalelo njengelizwe ebaluleke kakhulu eMntla Alliance ekubaleni ukuba uloyiso lula eMntla War.

Russia lifumanise imfuneko kwezoqoqosho kakhulu ukuba eKFC koLwandle iBaltic, njengoko ngelo xesha kwakukho omnye kuphela kwizibuko kuLwandle White - Arkhangelsk, kunye nenkqubo yokukhangela enzima kakhulu kwaye engaphumi.

Xa ngo-1697 uPetros Omkhulu waya eYurophu kunye balwa wathabatha kwengqele yakhe, wathabatha njengento sisithuko yesiqu, kamva waba ngomnye izizathu isibhengezo imfazwe.

IMfazwe Enkulu Northern ithuba leminyaka 1718-1721.

Le nkongolo yokuqala uxolo kwexesha War Northern kwaqhutywa entwasahlobo ka-1718. It Aland Congress kuyimfuneko ukumisela iimeko ngokutyikitya isivumelwano soxolo phakathi Sweden naseRashiya. Sweden, Noko ke, ibambezele thethwano. Esi sikhundla lubangelwe yi sengqondo namanye amagunya kulo mbandela. Umzekelo, Denmark woyika lokusayina a uxolo eyahlukileyo phakathi eRashiya naseSweden.

Ekwindla ka-1718, ngoNovemba 30, wabulawa uKarl XII. Kwathi, nasekuxinweni Fredrikskhalda. Udade uKumkani - Ulrika Eleonora - weza etroneni. indawo eBritani ngelo eyadini Swedish nangakumbi.

Julayi 1719. Phantsi umyalo Apraksin weenqanawa Russian yawela amajoni kufuphi Stockholm. Ngoko babeke behlasela kwiindawo ezisezidolophini ukongezwa kwekomkhulu Sweden.

Xa ekwindla ka-1719 (Novemba 9) Sweden basayina isivumelwano umfelandawonye neBritani neHanover. Le yokugqibela yabangela Verden kunye Bremen.

Ngo-1720, e Stockholm, esisayinwe ngomnye nezinye izivumelwano uxolo phakathi Sweden kunye ababandezeli bawo. January ihlabathi yesixhenxe kunye i-Commonwealth kunye Saxony, Februwari 1st - Prussia (le yokugqibela ikhapitali Pomerania).

Elinesine Julayi usayinwe esinye isivumelwano soxolo. Xa ngokwemimiselo yayo, Denmark wayeka yinxalenye imimandla e Schleswig-Holstein, kwakunye yafunyanwa umnikelo wemali. Ngoku zonke iinqanawa Swedish edlula Strait of Zundsky, kwafuneka ukuba ahlawule intlawulo.

Ekugqibeleni, Agasti 30, 1721 ngo Nishtadte isayinwe isivumelwano soxolo oyintloko.

Nokusayinwa iSivumelwano Nystad

Uthe uxwebhu bagqiba IMfazwe Enkulu Northern, eyathatha ukususela 1700 ukuya 1721. Kuba Russia olubekwe Ingria, Livonia, inxalenye Karelia kwaye wonke ummandla Eastland. Ukongezelela koko, saqalisa ukuba sibuyele eFinland. Eneneni olu luxanduva naseRussia njengohlobo ngenxa sivumelwano yaba yinxalenye intlawulo imbuyekezo ngemali Sweden.

Isiqinisekiso yesivumelwano wathabatha kuqhubeka nge-9 Septemba. E Moscow, nohlaza yemibhiyozo wokutyikitywa iSivumelwano Nystad zaqhutywa.

Peter I - umlawuli wokuqala Russian

Ngowe-1721, xa eRashiya waba ubukhosi, uPeter Omkhulu, sisigqibo yeeNgwevu kunye Sinodi, samkelwa isihloko loMlawuli of All-Russia. Eyokuqala phakathi isihloko yasebukhosini ukuqaphela entsha tsar Russian yaba Prussia kunye Netherlands. Last - Rzeczpospolita. Oku kwenzeka kuphela ngo-1764.

Bonke-Russian uMlawuli - isihloko, ezibe ngokupheleleyo bonke abalawuli yoBukhosi Russian ukususela 1721 ukuya 1917.

Le utshintsho olwenziwe uPeter Omkhulu

Lokuqala woMlawuli of Russia wehla waya kwimbali kungekuphela nje yinkokeli akrelekrele emkhosini, kodwa nje wenguquko eqhubela phambili. Ngenxa yokuba i-War Northern iRashiya iye yanika ukufikelela kwi elwandle. Ukwakhiwa nawa mihla kuLwandle lweBaltic. Le nkqubo yaba neziphumo zokuba inguqu enkulu kurhwebo noshishino. Xa uPetros Ushintsho Great wachukumisa into lutshintsho maxesha, aphela utshintshwano kwinkalo yemfundo, unqulo kunye lobuzwilakhe.