Izidlo zaseMelika ezidumile: zokupheka nezithombe

Xa Ngenxa uninzi lwabantu abahlala ngaphandle United States, cuisine American - kuba uzila ukutya, nto leyo ngokubanzi zimelwe kwi "McDonald kaThixo". Kakade ke, beza uzila ukutya emarikeni ehlabathini North America, kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba US abemi nidle iihambhega okanye chips.

Ukuze yokususa bakuve, abafundi bethu zinika ulwazi ukutya yaseMelika, izitya yesizwe yinyani leyo kuba isiko elide kunye nemvakalo ekhethekileyo.

North America yafunyanwa ngama Columbus ngo onke eminyaka emi-6 edluleyo, kufika abantu bokuqala yaseYurophu apha kuphela ngo-1620. Ukususela ngelo xesha, yaye esibuyel'emva ithatha ibali kwase yaseMelika.

amakhono american

United States of America - lizwe multi-yobuhlanga, inkoliso yabemi balo siyinzala abafuduki abasuka eNgilani, eJamani, Ireland, eSpeyin, Italy ne-France. Ngako oko, kuba abantu abavela kula mazwe wema ngemvelaphi ye-US Cuisine yesizwe.

izitya yaseMelika, zokupheka iifoto ezo zakhe zinikwe apha ngasezantsi, ukufunxile konke ukutyeba ukusuka Cuisine yaseYurophu. Noko ke, ukutyhubela iinkulungwane baye utshintsho izalwe ukuba bachaphazeleka incasa yawo.

Izitya idumileyo kwaye ethandwa baseMelika nowezonkana ezisicaba ezingenagwele, Turkey iimbambo oven kwiindawo, Chili con enviar - okuneziqholo dish engundoqo inyama kunye nemifuno Nentabalala esiqholiweyo, jambalaya - isidlo inyama, irayisi kunye nemifuno, burger - isonka kunye cutlet nemifuno, amaphiko amafutha inkuku, apile ipayi, khekhe - - amaphiko Buffalo dessert eziqulathe libiza samasi - enekuku American-isimbo, brownies - brownies, muffins - amaqebengwana iziseko.

Thaca kweli nqaku ezinye izitya American ezithandwayo, iresiphi ngenxa ngamalungiselelo abo, ukuze babe ngqo, bazakuyivuyela abathandi ukutya okumnandi, ingakumbi abo babekuthanda lokupheka.

turkey Christmas

Yosiwe turkey i phawu olusisinyanzelo Thanksgiving Day kunye netafile iKrismesi. 85% of America ngo-2016 bachitha phantse $ 1 billion ukuze kuthengwe iikalakuni abamalunga nezigidi 45 ukupheka ukutya yemveli festive for Thanksgiving. Ubunzima avareji 7.5 kg eTurkey, kunye nexabiso layo wayelingana 22,47 dollar.

Zama ukuba ukupheka izitya zemveli American lweKrismesi, yaye le ntsapho iyonke kunye neendwendwe baya kuba nombulelo kuba ixesha elichithwa kuphuhliso kule resipi.

Izithako Key:

• Turkey - 4 kg, 1 Iqhekeza.
• Celery - 1 micingeni.
• Iminqathe - 1 ingcambu.
• Itswele - 2 ingcambu.
• Ukusela amanzi - 550 ml.
• Ibhotolo - 40 g

Izithako ngenxa marinade:

• juice Apple -700 ml.
• Ukusela amanzi - iilitha 7.5.
• Iswekile - 500 g
• Ixolo 3 orenji ezinkulu.
• Igalikhi - 5 cloves.
• Rosemary kushiya - '55
• pepper komhlaba Black - 40 g
• Salt - 350 g
• Bay amagqabi - -4.

Ukulungiselela le marinade: ukubeka zonke izithako epanini ezinkulu axutywe kakuhle. Beka isikhongozeli kwisitovu eshushu, bilisa i marinade, uze emva koko vala. Marinade ukuba siphole.

Ukupheka turkey:

turkey yonke ibekwe kuloo marinade zipholile kwaye susa usuku efrijini. Emva kosuku olunye, pipi kufuneka ukutsala ngaphandle marinade, ize ime ukuba imizuzu eli-15 ngamanzi abandayo. turkey elomileyo lesonka, kunye iitawuli iphepha.

Itswele, womnqatha ze celery isikwe nezixhobo ezinkulu. Vula eziko uze usete thermostat ukuya degrees 200. Isiqingatha iphuphuma imifuno turkey, kunye nezinye nokwanda isiqingatha kwimakhishithi yokubhaka. Turkey imilenze kunye amaphiko tie ngomsonto olomeleleyo. grease efestileni ne-oli yemifuno kwakunye nendawo encotsheni fryer. Turkey ingubo ngamasi bunyibilike kunye kwicala indawo amabele up on ucingo yokubeka. Xa baking kugalela ml 250 zamanzi, wazibeka lezonka eshushu imizuzu-50.

Ngamaxesha athile unkcenkceshela juice zeze ukuba seyininzi, nowezojiweyo ngepani, dibanisa 1 ngaphezulu nendebe yamanzi. Qhubeka ukubhaka umva le nyoni iyure nemizuzu engama-1 45, basting yonke incindi isiqingatha ibunjiwe isuntswana ukuyijika zeze ukuze Browns ngokulinganayo. Faka enye ikomityi e-1 yamanzi. Ukumisela bakulungele ngokupheleleyo zeze inyama ubushushu iza kunceda ukuba iqondo lobushushu ngaphakathi ethangeni eTurkey degrees 76, kunokwenzeka ukuba niphume eziko. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuba imlungisele intaka, kufuneka ukuba sisinde kwi esityeni imizuzu engama-20.

Le iresiphi zeze Akunakuba for American

izitya Classic American, eziquka pipi womoji-zonka, ukukhonza esityeni ezahlukeneyo icala umdla engaqhelekanga. Kuba turkey goods lidla wakhonza kunye cranberry sauce kunye Akunakuba ingqolowa isonka nati. , Ufuna ezi izithako ukuba alungiselele;

• Ingqolowa ikhe - 1 kg.
• Nati - 200 g
• Bacon - 6 amacwecwe.
• Itswele - zesiliva-3.
• Shallots - zesiliva-3.
• Celery - 2 eziqwini.
• Chicken umhluzi - cups-2.
• Amaqanda - zesiliva-3.
• Ibhotolo - 80 g
• Thyme (womile) - 15 g
• Umyalezo (womile) - 20 g
• Ground pepper omnyama - 1/2 TSP.
• Salt - itispuni e-1.

Corn isonka iziqwenga amancinci kwaye ushiye etafileni ebusuku, Abananto yokuzigubungela ukuba atshe.

A pan kwi shushu zinyibilike ibhotolo kunye Qhotsa imicu Bacon imizuzu eli-10. Toasted Bacon shift kwindawo kweselwa, uthululele kuselukhambeni ye pre-aqingqiweyo zibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci shallots, amatswele, iseleri, afefe nomfundisi ayo. Ibila imifuno malunga nemizuzu engama-20 abile.

Iimbumbulu uqhotse shift ndawonye nezonka, nowezojiweyo ngepani kunye nemifuno. Emva koko ukongeza amaqanda, ethulula eseleyo ioli kunye nenkukhu umhluzi. Onesiphumo ukugcwalisa Akunakuba pepper netyuwa. Imilo elinjubaqa of grease, kwenzekile kuwo lo Akunakuba uzilungiselele, lokuvala ngefoyile ye phezulu kwaye uthumele nesiqingatha seyure eontini eshushu (degrees 180 lobushushu). Emva kwemizuzu engama-30, susa ngefoyile, dibanisa 100 ml broth kwakhona ibekwe imilo oveni. emva kwemizuzu eli-10 ndobuthulula broth uthumele namasalela eziko imizuzu engama-20.

Yintoni enye ukupheka?

Ukongeza zeze odumileyo esibhakiweyo, Cuisine yaseMelika utyebile kunye nezinye izitya ezimangalisayo, ezo thaca kolu phononongo. Phakathi kwabo - zokupheka ezisisiseko kunye izitya, namaqebengwana kunye namakhekhe. Uninzi lwabo kulula ukulungiselela, kuba ifomula wenziwe iimveliso ezikhoyo kunye nobulawu. American Cuisine, zokupheka iifoto oya kufumana ngezantsi, olulungiswe iseti iimveliso zingathengwa kwi kwimarike American, eYurophu, Russian okanye Uzbek. Ngenxa yoko, wafumana eyahlukileyo kangaka ngamnye ezinye izitya emnandi.

izitya yaseMelika, zokupheka ziyavavanywa eminyaka emininzi, neyendlu indawo ofaneleyo nsuku kunye menu zehlobo.

ezimbanjeni BBQ

AmaMelika - Abantu nzima ukusebenza abangakwaziyo umsebenzi kuphela, kodwa ukuphumla. Kaninzi bathanda ukuba bachithe ixesha labo simahla umoya omtsha, kude ephithizelayo yase mzi. Kakade, luphumlo okulungileyo alohlukaniswa ukutya okumnandi.

BBQ Iimbambo - izitya American, zokupheka apho zinemisebenzi wamisa kwi United States Southern, ngokwesiko walungisa ngexesha zolonwabo yangaphandle. Kuba inkoliso yabantu baseMerika, eli kwiindawo elinentsingiselo efanayo naleyo Meyi barbeque ukuba abahlali USSR. Ngokunqwenelekayo kwiindawo yosiwe phezu umlilo evulekileyo usebenzisa lunghekerile, kodwa oku isitya nga kuphekwa eziko.

izithako:

• Iimbambo yemvu - 2 kg.
• ubusi Natural ulwelo - 100 ml.
• Worcestershire sauce - 1 tbsp.
• Yesoyi Tabasco - 1 TSP.
• Soy sauce - 50 ml.
• Igalikhi - 4 cloves.
• Lemon - zesiliva-2.
• Sodium chloride - 2 dessert amacephe.

Kuba oku isitya, kubalulekile ukukhetha iimbambo ekunene - bafanele ukuba amafutha emzimbeni ubuncinane 2 cm kwaye akukho ngaphezulu kwama-6 cm.

ukulungiselela:

1. Into yokuqala ekufuneka ukupheka kwiindawo sauce. Kuba oku mixed Worcestershire, sauce zesoya Tabasco, ukongeza ubusi, ijusi lemons-2, ezicujiweyo ngetyuwa, igalikhi sicanda. Le pickle Izimasekile wotha emanzini amanzi degrees 45.
2. Sika iimbambo alityatye 3-4 kwaye ukuntywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo kwi marinade iiyure ezili-12, ukugcina +5 iimeko lobushushu ukuya degrees +10.
3. Emva iimbambo zifakwa, kufuneka kufudumeze lezonka degrees 220. Susa iimbambo ukusuka marinade kunye nendawo kwi ngepani-pfumerile, ugalele zonke iintsalela ye marinade nokuthumela eziko imizuzu-25. Emva koko ukunciphisa umlawuli lobushushu ukuya degrees 180 baze baqhubeke ukubhaka imizuzu engama-20 ngaphezulu.

Esityeni ogqityiweyo i caramel uqweqwe emnyama, kwaye thambo kuvame phantse abamnyama. Ngaphakathi azinamanzi kakhulu kwaye crispy ngaphandle.

Iimbambo BBQ wakhonza phezu kwetafile kunye Tabasco sauce, okanye nayiphi na enye nesosi eshushu. Njengoko nivathise eqhotsiweyo amakhonkco itswele ibethwe. Kudityaniswe kwiindawo elungileyo imifuno eqhotsiweyo: zucchini, seqanda, iitapile. Kwehle nge thandwayo American ephekwe umlilo evulekileyo, ibhiya okanye iwayini.

amaphiko Buffalo

Uninzi abahlali US Cuisine American owuthandayo (ifoto ngezantsi) ziquka uluhlu amaphiko chicken Buffalo. Kuyo le ndlela ngumzi Buffalo.

Ukupheka amaphiko enkuku okubabayo, kufuneka ezi mveliso zilandelayo:

• amaphiko Chicken - iziqwenga ezili-10.
• Nayiphi sauce (nezinongo) - '65
• Ibhotolo - 50 g
• Ukusilwa ubulawu (pepper, ipepile cayenne, igalikhi, ipepile emnyama) - 5 grams ngamnye.
• Ingqolowa yomgubo - 150 g
• ityuwa iodine - '15
• oyile iSunflower - 250 ml.

ukulungiselela:

1. amaphiko chicken wahlamba, iziqwenga kwi omzimba.
2. Xa plate olunzulu ukulungiselela umxube yomgubo, ipepile cayenne, paprika kunye netyuwa. amaphiko Roll kulo mxube, bawathume efrijini kangangesiqingatha seyure.
3. Xa skillet ubilise ioli kunye uyose chicken amaphiko imizuzu eli-10 ukuya ekukhanyeni-mdaka. Ibhetshi nganye kwamaphiko ukususa ku iitawuli iphepha ukususa ioli kwemfuneko.
4. Kwisingxobo esahlukileyo ukulungiselela umxube nesosi eshushu, ibhotolo, igalikhi kunye pepper emnyama. Le mass ixubene ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye esotha ukuba ubushushu wobulali.
5. Imvula nge ngamaphiko nesosi elibukhali, ukuze tixi kakuhle nalo. Mkhonzeni esityeni akugqiba etafileni eshushu.

Uzilungiselele le iresiphi amaphiko Buffalo - kwa- enkulu usakulungelwa beer.

Chili con enviar

Le dish etsolo aseMelika imvelaphi Chili Mexico. It ngokukodwa bathandiweyo abahlali State of eTexas. Igama dish eliguqulelwe usho Spanish "Chili inyama". Ilungu ephambili esityeni yesibini etsolo yi Chili. Ukulungiselela le Chili inyama, kuya kufuneka ezi mveliso zilandelayo:

• yenkomo okuthambile -600 g
• Yetswele bulb -1 piece.
• Beef umhluzi - 450 ml.
• Sweet pepper red - iziqwenga-2.
• Chili pepper - 1 Iqhekeza.
• iimbotyi okunkonkxiweyo (ebomvu) - 2 iitoti ka 200 g
• iitumato eyakhiwe - 350 g
• ubulawu Ground (itshilisi, ipepile allspice emnyama, ikumin, paprika) - ngamnye ka-5 g
• Marjoram - engu-3
• Sand sugar -10 g
• ityuwa Itheyibhile - 20 g
• oyile imbewu kajongilanga - 0.1 iilitha.
• Tomato paste - 20 g

ukulungiselela:

1. Yonke imifuno kufuneka isikwe iityhubhu negalika ukutyhudisa chesnokodavku.
2. Xa skillet ngeoli yemifuno uqhotse itswele de ithenda.
3. Yongeza namatswele ezinqunqiweyo iipepile, igalikhi, Chili ibe luthuthu paprika kunye Qhotsa imizuzu emi-5 kwi-ubushushu nga phezulu kakhulu.
4. Vula i ubushushu esitovini ukuya phezulu, wayifaka epanini kwaye uqhotse komo emhlabeni de kwenziwe, likuxhoxhela rhoqo ukuze ubunzima kuhlala bomzi, ngaphandle lunamahlwili amhlophe.
5. Galela umhluzi yenkomo, wabeka iitumato zinqunqwe, yongeza itumata paste, iswekile, ipepile emnyama, marjoram kunye netyuwa.
6. iimbotyi okunkonkxiweyo yoxukuxwa phantsi impompo ukususa netyuwa kwemfuneko ukongeza kwi skillet kunye nemifuno ukuya inyama, ngoko elinye 10 imizuzu umlilo wobulali kwenzeka eChile.

Isitya, American iresiphi yayo ezinikelwe ngentla, ilungele. Top ukuhombisa kunye imifuno fresh netshizi ya. Yongeza cream muncu ukunambitha. Oku kuhlanganiswa ezingcono Chili enongwe irayisi ebilisiweyo. AmaMelika bayakuthanda ukutya Chili nge chips tortilla okanye nachos.

Kunokuba Akunakuba ungasebenzisa inyama diced, kwezinye iingingqi US ukuya ezingundoqo ubulawu bongeze oregano, yekoriyandire.

Burger

Xa Ngenxa basemzini ezininzi izitya yesizwe American zimele ukutya fast ezifana ihambhega kunye cheeseburgers.

Eneneni, burger ziyathandwa nje kuphela Melika kodwa ehlabathini lonke. Abantu abaninzi kakhulu ubuncinane kanye ebomini wazidla iqebengwana, equka inyama, imifuno kunye netshizi. Ukuzama ezi izitya yaseMelika, njenge Burger, kungekhona ukuze aye eUnited States, oko kube lula ilungiswe nge nabani.

Yintoni efunekayo ukuze etyiwayo?

• Beef tenderloin - 1 kg.
• Beef tallow -250 g
• Sodium chloride - 2 dessert amacephe.
• Itswele - 1 ingcambu enkulu.
• Black pepper umgubo - 1.5 iitispuni.
• oyile iSunflower - 0.1 iilitha.
• Ibhotolo - 3 amacephe dessert.
• Namnandi for burger - iziqwenga 6.
• cucumber zifakwa - iziqwenga-3.
• Iitumato - 1 iziqhamo enkulu.
• Ilettuce - zesiliva 6.
• red anyanisi - 1 ingcambu.
• Lwemostade lokutyela, isoso okanye eyemayonnaise - ukunambitha.

nokulungiswa algorithm:

1. itswele abade ndahlamba iziqwenga amancinci. Phakathi kwemizuzu emi-5 Ngoko ke amatswele e-oli yemifuno kwakunye ushiye aphole.
2. Inyama kunye namanqatha twist ngoncedo umqhubekekisi ukutya, ukongeza itswele lupholile, i icephe ityuwa nepepile. Oku kubangela mince mix kakuhle.
3. Ukususela izandla okuthambile kumanzi ukugawula iziqa 6 imilo setyhula, 2.5 cm zamafu. Susa iziqa isiqingatha seyure efrijini.
4. Ngeli xesha, zakhutshwa amakhonkco itswele ebomvu, izilayi ubhityileyo itumata kunye cucumber. Bun nganye aqhekeka kubini 2 tipakani ngaphakathi ibhotolo.
5. Lunghekerile phemba avuthayo, ibhrashi nothango lwaso ngeoli uwalungise cutlets, ose, sijike zonke kwimizuzu emi-2, kude ithenda. Kwisithuba 10 imizuzwana, uqhotse ngaphakathi rolls, qiniseka ukuba etshiswe.
6. Qokelela Burger olulungiswe amacandelo: kwisiqingatha The lettuce ukhuko ephantsi, ngoko - cutlet, nemisesane itswele, isangqa tomato, izilayi cucumber ugqume kwisiqingatha eliphezulu rolls lubricated kunye eyemayonnaise, isoso okanye lwemostade.

Amagama abaninzi izitya yaseMelika, zona uhlobo burger, engayazi ngaphandle eUnited States. Umehluko omkhulu - kule Akunakuba:

• Cheeseburger - ngokuyimfuneko ibandakanya sisi.
• Veggie Burger - imifino, aliqulathanga inyama.
• Tofuburger - tofu ithatha ukugcwaliswa inyama.
• Eggburger - endaweni amaqanda inyama esetyenzisiweyo.

Apple pie i iresiphi American

Cuisine american akunakucingelwa ngaphandle yokubhaka ezinkulu dessert. Uninzi izitya owuthandayo mnandi iapile pie odumileyo, New York khekhe, brownie itshokolethi, banana yahlula - dessert, olusekelwe phezu ice cream, cookies kunye chips chocolate.

Cake iresiphi nokuvalwa apile ziyafumaneka ekhitshini ezininzi, kodwa kuphela US, le dessert yaba othandwayo ezinye izitya emveli American. Apple pie yenye iisimboli kwase yaseMelika.

Ngoko ke kufuneka izithako zilandelayo ukulungiselela le Apple-share:

• Apples - 1 kg.
• iswekile Brown - 230 g
• Top umgubo grade wengqolowa - 400 g
• Ibhotolo - 225 g
• soko Ground - '15
• amaqanda Chicken - iziqwenga-2.

ukulungiselela:

1. Okokuqala, kufuneka ukuxuba isiqingatha iswekile ekhoyo kunye namasi zanyibilika, ngoko balibetha kanobom yi umqhele okanye umqhubekekisi ukutya.
2. Isando 1 iqanda sac ngobuninzi wafumana nezinye ubunzima iqanda phehla lomzuzu 1. Yongeza 350 g umgubo kunye intlama, uze ukuyiphotha engxoweni yeplastiki kususwa liphole kwifriji ukuba imizuzu engama-40.
3. Lungisa ukuzaliswa: wahlamba apile simahla nasesikhumbeni, ukusika undoqo kwaye susa imbewu ze uyinqunqe ibe ngamacetyana ezibhityileyo. apile afafaze kumxube yomgubo (50 g), iswekile granulated (150 g), kunye nesinamon.
4. Eziko kunye lobushushu elibekwe ku degrees 180. Nangona uyafudumala phezulu, kufuneka linike 1/3 intlama, wayibeka phezu luhlobo zithanjiswe, ungakhohlwa bumpers. Kwi sentlama liqengqiwe, uzimisele ukubeka Akunakuba, ekuya kuthungwa ngayo eseleyo qhuqha phezulu, aliqhawule imiphetho. ikeyiki ziluma ngefolokhwe okanye isitshetshe, ukuba aphume zomphunga zivuthelana intlama. Ukuba bekukho isityalo uvavanyo, ungenza ayivathise ikeyiki.
5. Inxalenye engentla i yephayi apile ukunyhibhela neprothini eseleyo, afefe iswekile olungumgubo nokuthumela eziko ukubhaka ukuba imizuzu engama-40 de uqweqwe emnandi. Ispokshiysya ikhekhe eziko kwaye ushiye ukupholisa imizuzu eli-10.

Sika payi apile ibe izabelo, sikhonze yeti.

keyiki American - Pancake

Cuisine Popular American Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso ngaphandle Pancake njalo kuxokwa iikeyiki ngeenxa nohlaza. Abaninzi Amerika uziquke isidlo sakho kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo adla imali lamaqhosha hayi ngaphantsi kwe-6, ukutshiza isiraphu maple, jam okanye ibhotolo butter.

Pancake, ngokungafaniyo keyiki eqhelekileyo, abe isakhiwo aneentunja ngenxa kwiiproteni enza kuyoluka. Xa ulungiselela intlama Pancake, ungadibanisa naliphi okubizwa iziqhamo, ezifana banana. Ukuba intlama yongeza ikoko, itshokolethi Pancake lufumaneka.

Ubume nokulungiselela iimveliso Pancake:

• Ingqolowa yomgubo - 255 g
• Amaqanda - 4 iiPC.
• Milk - 235 ml.
• ityuwa iodine - iminyaka 4
• Sugar - '30
• soko Ground - 5 g
• soda islaked - 6 g

amanyathelo okupheka:

1. Izikhupha bahlukana ziiproteni ngelixa imfuneko ayifake efrijini. Kwesinye isitya nzulu, tipakani izikhupha, iswekile kunye nesinamon de egudileyo.
2. Isitya ne izikhupha kugalela indebe ubisi uze phehla kancinane ngenxa umxube.
3. Uthululele isitya umgubo iqanda-ubisi fluid kuhluzwa, nokuqhubeka njengokubethwa phehla ngenxa abaninzi. Yongeza apha soda islaked kwaye ukuxuba imixholo kwesitya.
4. Zisa i kubangela intlama phehla de egudileyo, uphambuke ezintethweni ukuyilwa lunamahlwili amhlophe. Ubunzima iziphumo kufuneka ibe zamafu.
5. Ukususela iiproteni efrijini ugodole, yongeza ityuwa akatswe zibe amagwebu esiluqilima kunye Umxhubi ngenxa umzuzu 1.
6. Ngenyameko ukufaka neprothini ubunzima akatswe kwi intlama, ndinivuse kunye spatula somthi.
7. Preheat a non-stick epanini, ndininyibilikise itispuni ibhotolo.
8. Balela Pancake encinane ukhamba kwi ipani eshushu ne non-stick ukutyabeka uze upheke malunga nemizuzu engama-2 kwicala ngalinye. Libiza ukulungele shift ipleyiti kunye baqhubeke ukubhaka inxalenye elandelayo. Hi ndlela leyi, nowezojiweyo ngepani akukho mfuneko oyile kufuneka ibe Amafutha ngakumbi ukususela Pancake, kwaye ngoko ke elosiweyo a epanini elomileyo.

Libiza ukulungele ukuba agalele incasa isiraphu, jam okanye igrisi ngamasi.

izitya yaseMelika, iifoto ongayi nokudlulisela incasa yawo enkulu, qiniseka ukuba ndikholisa bonke abalungiselela ngazo.