Inxalenye enomongo yegama. Belibhala iindawo ezibalulekileyo amagama

Uhlalutyo Morphemic amazwi - enye zinzima, ukanti ngendlela echanelekileyo yalwa inxalenye luncedo yegama kuxhomekeke kupelo wayo elungile. Morpheme inxaxheba ukuyilwa amagama amatsha, amagama abo ziboniswe ngokusebenzisa ukubunjwa ngelizwi. Ukufunda amagama grade 5, ngoko ke wesixhenxe, ukuba aphindaphindwe isifundo othi "ILizwi ukwakheka". Njengoko ubona, morphemics ulwazi - eyiyenye yezitena ezibalulekileyo zokwakha apho yokwakha ulwimi. Upelo sizimisele isikhundla xa kuthelekiswa nezinye morphemes, uxinezeleko, kunye phonemes intsingiselo lungelelanisa ezakha. Oko kuthetha yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye ilizwi, ubunjani bazo, indlela yokubhala, ukuchaza kweli nqaku.

Morphemics - inzululwazi malunga izigaba zentetho

Morphemics yinxalenye inzululwazi yolwimi njengendlela yokuziqeqesha ukuba ufunda inxalenye ebalulekileyo yegama ngabanye, kwakunye nokwakhiwa ithokheni. Morpheme - inxalenye ebalulekileyo ilizwi, nto leyo ebonisa ixabiso layo. Ingcambu kunye isimamva, isimaphambili kunye nesiphelo, isiseko - its morpheme.

Yahlula la magama indima yelizwi, kwakunye nemeko ngokunxulumene nenye. Root - oku kwindawo engundoqo ye amagama anentsingiselo. Ngaphandle kwalo, lo umqondiso ayinakuba khona. Yena uhlala khona. Ezinye izigaba zentetho zibizwa ngokuba affixes. Kuxhomekeka sikhundla, ukuba yahlulwe nezimaphambili (emi phambi ingcambu) kunye nezimamva (imi emva ingcambu) kunye flexion. Ahluke indima edlalwa.

Abanye morpheme inxaxheba ukuyilwa amatsha amagama, nesimamva, isimaphambili. Abanye (flexion) ifom Iifomu zegrama.

Kuthetha ukuthini yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-gama? Impendulo ilula - bachaphazela ixabiso layo, lwegrama okanye lungelelanisa. Uyakwazi ukwahlula ilizwi lezabelo, iimpawu okanye amagama qela. Kodwa ingcamango ngokubaluleka ubuhlobo bawo nakanye.

root

Masiqalise kunye nxalenye ibalulekileyo kuba ngaphandle kobunyulu akukho ingcamango ilizwi - ingcambu yawo. Waphetha intsingiselo main lungelelanisa.

Kunye nomba morpheme ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo - ingcambu elifanayo ngelizwi. Ezi nanzi iimpawu eziye iingcambu efanayo. Of amagama lunye kwakhiwa iindlwane, ezinkulu nezincinane. Ngoko ke, ngamagama igwele ingcambu nje nalinye ilizwi - nagwele. Ke ilizwi inkwenkwezi indlwane ngakumbi: inkwenkwezi, inkwenkwezi, oluphakathi, leKima, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Ekwahluleni njengengcambu kuyimfuneko ukuchaza intsingiselo lungelelanisa yeli gama. Ngoko ke, amagama afana babe iingcambu ezahlukeneyo: yeqabaka phakathi kwentsingiselo iqabaka ukukhanya yimikhwitsho kwixabiso yimikhwitsho. Kwimeko yokuqala -moroz- wemveli, elinesibini - -moros-. Njengoko ubona, iindawo ezibalulekileyo amagama upelo, ngokukodwa ke iingcambu, ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke nokuzimisela kwabo kunye nentsingiselo lungelelanisa.

Kukho kwakhona iingcambu multi-kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ingcambu -vod- neentsingiselo ubuncinane ezimbini. Ukuba sithetha amagama ukuqhuba, imveliso, umbexeshi, ilothe, esi ingcambu libhekisela isenzo. Xa amazwi amanzi, amanzi, Ingcambu ixabiso Diver -vod- kubonisa ukubayinxenye kuwo amanzi.

orfogrammy root

Root - inxalenye enomongo ilizwi, a upelo ekufuneka athathwe ngenkathalo. Ngapha koko, kuphothulwe intsingiselo esisiseko lungelelanisa. Kukho orfogramm eziliqela le morpheme. Bona eqhagamshelwe izandi nokuxuba lwezikhamiso kunye consonants, kwakunye nezo graphemes ukuba kuskenwa ngamandla.

Roots kunye izikhamiso alternating ukukhumbula. Ngokubanzi lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe amanqaku ezininzi:

1. Qwalasela imeko yengcinezelo. Ngoko, kwi iingcambu -gar - / - gor- ileta ebhaliweyo kwaye ndixinezelekile, kuzo zonke ezinye iimeko - of: ngomlilo, tan. Iingcambu efanayo -zar - / - Zor; -klan - / - klon-; -tvar - / - creative.
2. Mazitshekishwe ilandelwa yi ileta. It iingcambu -lag- (a) / - ababuxoki; -kas- (a) / - CBS; -rast - / - rasch - / - ros-, kwakunye iingcambu ezininzi kunye alternation e / kunye: -ber - / - eBher; -der - / - dir-; Perot - / - Pir kunye nabanye. Imizekelo: ukukholwa / ukubeka; touch / touch; plant / hlakulela / iibhedi; ukuthatha / ndithabatha.
3. aksenti ngokuhlolwa. Khangela phezulu amazwi sandi unstressed: win - win. Last - ilizwi verification apho unobumba e umi indawo kukothuka.

Ke ukuba amaqabane unpronounceable, kukuba ukukhangela incwadi efunekayo, kufuneka ufumane amagama kwiqela oludingekayo kakuhle laviwa: Ukunyaniseka - uzuko. Igama yesibini - ukuqinisekiswa.

ophela

End - inxalenye formative yegama. It ubonisa intsingiselo yaso lwegrama (isini, inombolo, case). Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uziro.

Njengoko kwezinye iinxalenye zentetho asilubandakanyi utshintsho ngendlela lwegrama - kuba nasiphelo. Beka kule izigaba zentetho zero isiphelo - lesayensi. Kubonisa ukuba abantu baqonde musa ukuba oku evakalisa inxalenye intsingiselo yegama. Zizo ezi izigaba zentetho, ezifana:

• Isandiso.
• Gerund.
• Iqela elincinane izichazi invariable (beige).
• I degree lokuthelekisa zezichazi.
• Iqela elincinane esoqobo (oko, bona).

Ngoko ke, igama elithi "ekhaya" - nesiphelo zero, njengoko kwi elithi "umva" ekupheleni apho, ngenxa yokuba sisihlomelo - yinxalenye invariable zentetho.

Ukuze ngokuchanekileyo ukubona isiphelo, kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha ilizwi kumatyala, abantu okanye amanani. Inxalenye intetho, nto kulo mzekelo yahluka kwaye ziya kuphela: sung - sang, kwaye sacula, kwaye sacula, okanye ezintabeni, kodwa ke iintaba, s, th ezintabeni.

emsileni upelo

Lulungiswe ikhangelwe ekupheleni lokubhala izibizo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: kuyimfuneko ukumisela declination ngokuchanekileyo. Ukucutheka yokuqala izibizo dative isininzi Izithetha ntonye kubandakanya ukubhala -X nesiphelo: udonga-e, udonga-e. Ayingeni ukuba izibizo eziphela ngo -iya.

neziphelo declension yesibini -X kufuna Izithetha ntonye kuphela: indlu-e-e efini. Ngaphandle - amagama aphela ngo ezifane / binnzana: a iziko, ilifa.

declension sesithathu ifuna ukugqitywa s izibizo yesininzi dative, genitive kunye Izithetha ntonye: a yintombi kanina.

Njengoko kuba iziphelo lobuqu yesenzi, kuyimfuneko ukumisela conjugation echanekileyo: ekugqibeleni I ziqulathe unobumba e okanye y (w) (-esh / -ete / ym, njalo njalo). Imizekelo: Pash-kudla Pash-Ete, ut Pash.

Ngowe-II conjugation - iileta kwaye (I) (-ish / -ite / esa- et al.). Imizekelo: kuzolula-Ish, akwa-ukuzolula, ndasolula-ny.

Isimaphambili isimamva

Nayiphi na inxalenye ebalulekileyo kwintetho ababandakanyekayo kusekwe omtsha? Le isimaphambili nesimamva. Console - yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye ilizwi, leyo umi phambi nengcambu. Isimamva emfa kwayo. Ngoko, kuwo amazwi umhlobo ngoncedo lwezimaphambili non utshaba oyinxalenye igama, yaye ukuba sisebenzisa Isimamva -tuples, sifumana umhlobo ilizwi. Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa morphemes ezimbini, ngoko ke ufumana uluntu ilizwi. Iindlela ezisetyenziswayo babizwa Ukuveliswa phambili, isimamva kunye platformers-nesimamva.

Ukongeza umsebenzi formative, izimamva anokuba umqolo. Ngoko ke, ukuze kwakhiwe kwixesha isimamva isenzi elidlulileyo isetyenziswa -l- (Sang kubalwa).

Upelo isimamva kwezenzi

Orfogrammy kwi isimamva cishe kwi yinxalenye nganye zentetho. Makhe sihlolisise kakhulu zithandwa.

Izenzi kufuneka ukwazi le migaqo ilandelayo:

1. izimamva -ova - / - eva-; -iva / -yva-. Upelo ujonge kwi indlela umntu wokuqala zeli xesha lakalokunje emi isinye. Ukuba le fomu isetyenziswa -s / -yuyu, isimamva sicaciswa -ova - / - eva-. Kungenjalo -iva - / - yva-.
2. Isimamva lesenzi iintlobo - amiswa - ziqingwa conjugation yesenzi le ebelidlula ezilungiswayo avele kuwo. Eyokuqala ibandakanya conjugation -usch - / - yusch- -asch yesibini - / - yasch-.

Spelling isiphawulo suffix

izimamva isiphawulo balandela imithetho:

1. -ev izimamva - / - ugxininiso iv- kufuneka ihlolwe. Isithuba enamandla leta ibhalwe, kwaye ezibuthathaka - unobumba e, umzekelo, entle, ekulweni .. izimamva -chiv - / - rainfalls kufuneka abhalwe yokothuka, kunye nesikhundla unstressed.
2. Upelo n kunye nn kwi isimamva Isichazi kuxhomekeke kubume yamagama kunye nokusetyenziswa isimamva. Ngoko ke, igama wabumba wefilosofi isimamva n we enkungwini ilizwi. Ibhalwe nn ngenxa nn zibekwe kwindawo ekuhlangana morphemes ezimbini. -onn isimamva isiphawulo - / - enn- kusoloko ebhaliweyo HH: ubomi olululo.

izibizo Spelling suffix

Irekhodi ubukho orfogramm kwi isimamva - isibizo. mithetho elandelayo:

1. Ukuba sithetha isimamva obonisa wobugcisa, phambi t, d, s, s, w ebhaliweyo -chik-. Umzekelo, wenqwelo-moya, a defector, asphalt, kodwa lamplighter, lo ferryman. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba Isimamva -tel- kubhalwe kuphela e: notitshala, utitshala.
2. Iqela elikhulu izimamva isinciphiso, nayo ifuna isicelo lwemithetho. Nendlela edibene uxinezeleko, kunye kutshintshwe uhlobo ilizwi. -tuples izimamva - (- ek) Onokov (-enok-) ixhomekeke ntshikilelo. Le ngamandla lisoloko kubhaliweyo ngaye: Galchonok, kushachok, kodwa lekati.
3. Ukuguqula inkangeleko kunye nefomu ilizwi kwezi meko zilandelayo: ngetsheki -ek- okanye -ik- ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: wabeka ilizwi kwi genitive. A umqulu ileta ukubhala -ek-, ngenye indlela - -ik-. Umzekelo: pocket (akukho iipokotho), isitshixo (akukho key). Kwimeko yesibini incwadi novulelweyo, ngoko ke igcinwa kwi nesimamva. -ets isimamva - / - its- khangela, nokumisela uhlanga. Xa la madoda aya -ets-, ngobufazi neuter - -its-: mzalwana, kodwa ke amanzi yokunxiba.

zidlala upelo

Ngokungafaniyo izimamva orfogrammy kwi consoles minye zonke izigaba zentetho.

1. Inxalenye iibhokisi iseti-phezulu kufuneka ukuba ukhumbule iindidi ayibhalileyo ayikho ngolwimi Russian. yasasazeka: c; ukugcinwa; I sihlobo; ngaphambili; a. Imizekelo: musa ukuya ngeenxa, avuthuze, ukhase, enyakanyakeni.
2. consoles eziphambukileyo eligcina ngo s / s kuyimfuneko ukukhangela isandi, eqala nge ingcambu. Ukuba ngonobumba okanye zezikhamiso yaveza - ukubhala nayiphi na enye into - kunye. Invoke (s, iqala nge ingcambu, wavakalisa) okanye ukunyuka (ingcambu luqala n isandi abazizithulu).
3. Ukuba iingcambu luqala, kwaye kufuneka kufakwe s, kwimeko xa isimaphambili uphela ngeqabane. Imvelaphi, umzobo, kom-.
4. Iqela elikhethekileyo lwezimaphambili pre / imfu-. ukubhala kwabo kuxhomekeke intsingiselo lungelelanisa ukuba le morpheme ubonisa. Ngoko ke, xa sithetha malunga incompleteness ubuhlobo ndlela - ziya kubhalwa kuqala. Umzekelo, zonxweme (kufutshane elwandle), vula kancinane (hayi ngokupheleleyo ivuliwe), esiza (eza).