Izifo zeBotkin: Awuyi kuba lixhoba le-hepatitis

Isifo sikaBotkin, kunye nezinye iindlela - isifo sesifo sobhubhane, esaziwa ngamayeza ixesha elide. Njengomthetho, abagqirha bahlala kuyo, kuba babone le ndlela yokunyanga kwesi sifo. Ngo-1888, u-Sergei Petrovich Botkin waphakamisa isiphakamiso esisodwa, kwaye kungekudala wabonisa ukuba i-catarrhal jaundice (leyo yayiyigama lesi sifo) inokusasazeka ngokusasazekayo kwaye ingonakalisi kuphela kwisibindi, kodwa nayo yonke umzimba wonke. Sekunjalo kwixesha lamaSoviet, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa i-virus ye-hepatitis kwaye yaqinisekisa ingcamango yeBotkin.

Isifo sikaBotkin emzimbeni womntu sinokubangelwa yiintsholongwane zintlobo ezimbini-uhlobo A kunye nohlobo B. Umthombo wesifo ngumntu onesifo, okanye intsholongwane emzimbeni wakhe usekhona kwisigaba sokunyusa. Imeko apho i-pathogen ikhona - igazi, isibindi, isantya sesisu. Nangona kunjalo, unako ukusuleleka kunye ne-fecal-oral oral, xa i- virus ye-hepatitis ikhutshwa kwindalo ngumntu ogula kwaye sele ibeka ingozi kwabanye. Kule nto, ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekuhlambulukeni kobuqu kunye nokucoceka kokutya-kubalulekile ukuhlamba izandla emva kokuhlala kwindawo kawonkewonke, kunye nemifuno kunye neziqhamo - ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, kwaye uhambelana nemigaqo yokupheka (gcina urhulumente weqondo lokushisa, njl. I-hepatitis inokusuleleka ngegalelo lokumpontshelwa igazi, iilenki, unyango lwezonyango kunye nezonyango.

Isifo sikaBotkin sichaphazela kakhulu isibindi, kanti sele isibindi sisichaphazela umzimba wonke. I-metabolism iphukile, ukubunjwa kwegazi kuguquka. Ngaphambi kokubonakaliswa kweempawu, i-pathogen ingakwazi ukuqhubeka emzimbeni womntu ukususela kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwinyanga. Kule meko umphathiswa, engazi yena ngokwakhe, unokuchaphazela abanye.

Isifo sikaBotkin, iimpawu ezibonakalisa ngokucacileyo ngokucacileyo, azibangeli ubunzima bokuxilongwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwisigaba sokuqala sezigulane, umkhuhlane, zinephulo eliphukile ngenxa yobume be-dyspepsia. Ukugqithisa ngokuphawulekayo imeko yomzimba - izigulane ziphawule ukukhathala, intlungu kwi-right quadrant ephezulu kwisibindi, ukungabi nxilweni, isisulu sokuncwina. Ubushushu bukwazi ukuphakama ngaphezu kwe-subfebrile.

Kuyo kanye phakathi kwesi sifo kutyhila kakhulu. Isembozo sezikhumba sezigulane iBotkin zifumana i-tint yellow, ebonakalayo kwiiprotheni zamehlo, kamva emva kobuso obomvu, ubuso, imilenze. Ukuphakama kwesi sifo kuvela ngomhla wesine ukuya kutsho wesixhenxe. Ngeli xesha, izigulane zikhathele ngakumbi, azifuni ukuhamba. Bafumana intloko, inqatha elukhumbeni, naluphi na uncedo lwabanye ababajikelezayo. Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi, ngokungaqhelekanga kuba yi-pulse. Isibindi sanda ngobungakanani, kulula ukuchonga xa i-palpating. Ipen ingatshintsha ngosayizi (phezulu). Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwegazi kunye nomchamo lubonisa umxholo okongezelelweyo we-bilirubin, ngelixa iifesi, ngokuchaseneyo, zinciphisa.

Isifo sikaBotkin sanele ngokwaneleyo - ngezinye iimeko, iimpawu zonyango zihlala ezimbini ukuya kweenyanga ezintathu. Kwimeko enzima yesifo sesifo se-hepatitis, iziganeko zesifo se-necrotic ziyakwenzeka kwisibindi, okokuba, ukuba kunikezelwa unyameko olufanelekileyo, kunokukhokelela ekufeni. Iziganeko eziqhelekileyo xa ugula lugqitha njengeentsuku ezimbini okanye iintsuku ezintathu, phantse ngaphandle kokuchaphazela imeko yesigulane. Emva koko bathetha ngesimo esifanekileyo sesifundo sesifo.

Unokuqinisekisa ukuphuculwa xa umbala wesikhumba uqhelekileyo, ubukhulu besibindi bunciphisa kwaye ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu emathunjini angasebenzi. Ngamanye amaxesha ukwenzela ukuba ugweme ukubuyisela kwakhona isigulane kulandelwa liziko lezonyango, ukwenza iimvavanyo zokufumana i-hepatitis.

Ukunyanga kwesi sifo kufuneka kube ngokusisigxina esibhedlele kwiziko lempilo. Ngokuqhelekileyo izigulane zilapho zichitha iiveki ezine. Into ebalulekileyo yokukhumbuza kukuba isifo sikaBotkin sinyango, kodwa indlela eninzi yokubuyisela iyalungisa, kuba i-hepatitis ingabangela ukungcola kwabanye kwaye iholele ekubhubeni.