Winter Palace eSt Petersburg: inkcazelo, imbali

Imbali lakwaWinter Ibhotwe e St. Petersburg, kwakunye nezinye izakhiwo ezininzi esixekweni, iqala ngexesha Tsar Peter I. Ngowe-1711, loo bhodi ngokuba ukumkani wakha into efana wasebusika, leyo kuthiwa Winter Palace. Kwakuyinto encinane indlu ezinemigangatho emibini kunye nophahla eethayile, zinevaranda phezulu amanyathelo. Imbali lakwaWinter Palace eSt Petersburg kakhulu umdla yaye multi-eqongeni. Kulungile, lixesha lokuba ukuqalisa olu hambo yimbali.

Second Winter Palace

Njengoko iminyaka ihamba, isixeko lakhula ngokukhawuleza, yaye ngakumbi nangakumbi abantu, kufutshane umlawuli (okt ukumkani), waqalisa ukwakha izindlu zabo eSt Petersburg. Peter I, Kakade ke, bafuna ikhaya yeholide uhlaza. Ngoko kwakukho yayingeyiyo Winter Palace eSt Petersburg. Kwibhotwe yesibini yakhiwa ilungelo ecaleni kuqala wezakhiwo I. Matarnovi. Sigodlo kwakungenwa lilikhulu kancinci nje ngaphezu kweyokuqala, kodwa kwayo yakhiwa ngamatye, kodwa inkoliso kuyaphawuleka ukuba apha 1725, wafa Tsar Peter I. Iinkcukacha malunga Winter Ibhotwe e St. Petersburg wasinda kakuhle ukuze nayiphi isivakashi nga ngokobuqu khangela indawo ukufa yokumkani.

Okwesithathu Winter Palace

Lomhleli Domenico Trezzini wayithabatha loo maxesha lakwaWinter Palace yesibini phantse nangoko emva kokufa yokumkani. Esi sakhiwo yaba ngokwenene enkulu kunye nobungangamsha. Second Winter Palace yaba iphiko entshonalanga, phezu kwendawo wesithathu endlini ngoku Hermitage Theatre. Malunga Winter Ibhotwe e St. Petersburg, uyakwazi uxelele okuninzi, kwaye maqhezu encinane kuphela onke amabali ezinkulu.

yesine Palace

Ababhali-mbali ebhotwe yesine lu dityanisiwe igama uAnny Ioannovny. ukumkanikazi Finicky ukuba aneliseke into yokuba amanye Admiral Apraksin Palace mkhulu kwaye bacebe kakhulu kuyo ... kodwa ngakuba umkhulu ngokwaneleyo kwaye ndimkhuphile nobungangamela bakhe. Lomhleli Rastrelli kusonjululwa le ngxaki ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: sele iqhotyoshelwe kwibhotwe ekhoyo wesithathu umzimba elide kakhulu. Esi sakhiwo iye ngokuba "yesine Winter Palace eSt Petersburg." Inkcazelo emfutshane ye ezi zixhobo zilandelayo: ibhotwe grand kunye olungaphambili ezimbini entle. Rastrelli ngokwenene ngokomakhi abanetalente.

Eli banga yesihlanu yesithandathu

palace Fifth yaba yokwexeshana, kungekhona ikhusi omangalisayo somthi kuphela, nto leyo nayo ibekwe kude ukusuka kweenxweme Neva. Kodwa ebhotwe lesithandathu ngokwenene wawuthandeka grand. Ngokubanzi, zonke Palace Winter eSt Petersburg ezintsha ixesha layo. Ngeli xesha phambi igcisa eliyintloko kwaba ngumngeni phantse ongenakoyiswa: ukuphuhlisa iprojekthi yasebhotwe, wasibeka practice iminyaka emibini! Loo yaba yiyo ke ngoko uKumkanikazi Elizabeth!

Kwi kwibhotwe wesithandathu abaqeshwe amawaka amagcisa, ngabapeyinti, abasebenzi Foundry, kunye nabanye abaninzi. iindawo Huge kunye nezibonelelo sele inikezelwe kwi iimfuno yokwakha. Kodwa injineli oyintloko Rastrelli wayesazi ukuba kangangeminyaka emibini akazange ukuphatha, narhoqo wacela ukwandiswa. Ekugqibeleni, ebunzimeni, wakwazi ukufumana uKumkanikazi ukuyandisa kangangonyaka.

Kubungqondi okusungula Rastrelli

Ekugqibeleni, yajika i Winter Palace epheleleyo eSt Petersburg. Inkcazelo emfutshane ngayo yile: kumlinganiselo omkhulu ya vutshila. Ibhotwe waba olungaphambili ezimbini: omnye waya kuloo ndawo, omnye - ukuya Neva. Ngamaxesha ezifudumeleyo konyaka ebhotwe kubonakaliswe emanzini omlambo, leyo landisa isiphumo.

Genius Rastrelli wamitha ngokugqibeleleyo ubeko ingaphakathi komkhulu. Kwakugcwele nemigangatho emithathu. Elise-ofisi yokuqala yesibini - le staterooms kunye amabandla amabini, kwaye umgangatho wesithathu sele yabelwe ngokupheleleyo ukuya enkundleni. Ngokubanzi, ezafumaneka ebhotwe, bekukho amagumbi 460 ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo iba ekugqibeleni eyothusayo. Mhlawumbi oku kubangelwa yokuhlola creative Rastrelli ndingatsho ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba nomtsalane eziphambili St. Petersburg - Winter Palace.

Ukufa uKumkanikazi kwaye umnini omtsha we komkhulu

UKumkanikazi Elizabeth, kuyabonakala ukuba engaqondanga va engekasweleki ekufuphi, ngoko wayefuna ukuba project ibhotwe lakhe akuba egqibile kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Noko ke, wafa sebhotwe okwethutyana somthi lweyesihlanu, yaye akazange abone wakhe Winter Palace.

Ngowe-1761, eli bhotwe "kwikhompyutha" Tsar Peter III. Uyavuya kakhulu nale iqhekeza art bokwakha kwaye wagqiba ekubeni imbeko Rastrelli kwinqanaba uMajor General. Noko ke, wanyukela etroneni ngowe-1962 UCatherine II watshabalalisa umsebenzi wezakhiwo enkulu, yaye kwakufuneka thutha ku Italy, apho naye waqhubeka basebenze elithile.

A kancinci malunga nenkqubo yokwakha

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kulwakhiwo amawaka ngamakhoboka ukudala. Kuphela inxalenye encinane kubo banikwa ilungelo lokuphila kunye nokulala kwigumbi lakwaWinter Palace, kodwa uninzi zibekwe kooronta ekunene basike Admiralty. Abathengisi ukuba yinxalenye yalo mzi, ngokuba lingcwele lonke eli bebabaza, zabaxwa amaxabiso okutya, uhlawule isidlo kuxhuzulwa kwimivuzo yabasebenzi. Kwakungekho engaqhelekanga, yaye ukuze umsebenzi wahlala abanamatyala ukuba umqeshi wabo emva kwabe. Yithi, amanye neengcibi bade yindlala ekufeni, ngoko iimeko kukufa. Winter Palace e St. Petersburg, efana Great Wall of China, urhulumente ifuna isabelo esifanelekileyo lwezibonelelo. Ngelo xesha, iRussia ilwa Prussia, ukwakha izixhobo wajika zixhaphakile akukho namnye, kuba ngensimbi ezininzi inxaxheba kulwakhiwo lakwaWinter Palace.

Ukwakhiwa lakwaWinter Palace kwakukho malunga nezigidi ezi-2.5 engange, yaye ngaloo mihla engange waba lwemali exabisekileyo kakhulu.

Umlilo Winter Palace

Ngowe-1837, loo nto yenzeka uqhwithela olubi - a Winter Palace amahle waphula! Unobangela wengozi yaba ukungaphumeleli itshimini. Ubukhulu umlilo baba ezinkulu ngokwenene - Iiyure ezi-30 kwathiwa kucinywa ithathele ezininzi Guards regiments, iinkampani ezimbini emlilweni komkhulu, igqiza grenadiers komkhulu kunye amakhulu "kweeyunithi." Ukuzama ukulondoloza ipropati komkhulu, amajoni isisifo ngokubekwa ucango izitena, ukuzama ukunqanda umlilo, incwadi uphahla dismantle ngeenyama, ukuba abe nako kugalela amanzi phezu phezulu, kodwa ukusetyenziswa ngqo zingahlanganiselwanga.

ukubuyiselwa yenkosi

Xa umlilo ekugqibeleni wafa phantsi, kwaba kuyenzeka ukufumana kuphela iindonga nakwiisilingi kumgangatho wokuqala - yonke enye into gqitha ngaphaya ingqalelo. Ngowe-1837 uqalwe imisebenzi ukubuyiselwa, eyaphelela kuphela emva kweminyaka emithathu (ukukhumbula ukuba eli xesha linye i-Winter Palace yakhiwa ukusuka ekuqaleni). Kwaye nangona asebenza yonke imihla ukuthatha inxaxheba ngamawaka-10. Abasebenzi. Ukususela ngexesha loyilo lokuqala kwibhotwe yathabatha isixa esikhulu ixesha, elininzi zemizobo ukuba ilahlekile, uze abakhi kwafuneka owabo. Ngenxa yoko lakwaWinter Ibhotwe e St. Petersburg zaguqulwa kakhulu, ukufumana mihla iimpawu look bokwakha. Ngoko ke, eneneni, "inguqulelo yesixhenxe" ye komkhulu. Inkcazelo lakwaWinter Ibhotwe e St. Petersburg kulandelayo: imbonakalo emhlophe-eluhlaza kunye amaqashiso columns ze ahlangane rhoqo izivatho zegolide.

Ukufakelwa kombane kunye kwempucuko yangaphakathi

Ngexesha lekhefu 1869-1888, iingxande ngandlela zonke ukuphucula: telefoniziruyut, umbane, gazofitsiruyut yisa imibhobho yamanzi. Ngendlela, ukuba umbane lakwaWinter Palace kumgangatho wesibini yakhiwa mveliso ngamandla, nto leyo kangangeminyaka eli-15 yayigqalwa inkulu e-Europe.

Phantsi yempembelelo iindlela ezahlukeneyo sigodlo ngokuphindaphindiweyo phantsi nokuphucula embindini bepeyinta iindonga. Akukho imibala efana kuluhlu umnyama, nto leyo ligazi ngexesha i Winter Palace. Ngokomzekelo, ebudeni Second World War sigodlo kwakungenwa umbala silwe obomvu zizityebi.

Winter Palace namhlanje

Ibali lakwaWinter Palace eSt Petersburg lufikelele esiphelweni. Ngoku ikhona ubuhlobo zemidlalo ezisecaleni kwaye iba nazo isakhiwo single "Hermitage". Esi sisihlandlo sokugqibela, uguqulelo wesibhozo. Imile kunye nesidanga emangalisayo linika jonga ephucukileyo ngokuzithemba ukuba nomtsalane eziphambili St. Petersburg - Winter Palace.

Ngoku Winter Palace zobungangamela ivulekile ukuba utyelelo kunye ukhenketho zembali. Inkcazelo lakwaWinter Ibhotwe e St. Petersburg, ukususela emlonyeni mbali anamava umdla ngokwenene. Abakhenkethi banelungelo ukonwabela iholo itrone zalungisa ngokugqibeleleyo of St. George, kwiGumbi Golden okanye boudoir ebukekayo ngokupheleleyo inani elikhulu yezibuko kunye izivatho zegolide. Kwakhona uchidet ezixabisa Malachite Room enezintlu etyebileyo eluhlaza kunye holo yekonsathi nobungangamsha. Kwakhona ine- yobuciko a lot of imisebenzi yokuqala.