Imyuziyam yobugcisa yaseNizhny Novgorod: idilesi, ifoto kunye nokuphononongwa

Inkcubeko yinto ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni komntu ngamnye. Yenza uluvo olucacileyo nolunengqiqo lwehlabathi, kwaye lunceda ukujonga abanye "amehlo ahlukeneyo". Uphuhliso lwenkcubeko ngumsebenzi ongenamntu wonke umntu owaziyo. Ukuze uluntu luhloniphe kwaye lukhumbule izithethe zalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuwaxhasa kwisizukulwana kwisizukulwana ukwenzela ukuba abantu abaselula bakwazi ukufumana izipho zexesha elidlulileyo kunye nokudala ikusasa elimangalisayo.

Uqhelwano lokuqala

Imyuziyamu yezobugcisa yaseNizhny Novgorod iyimemori ebalulekileyo kuyo yonke imbali yaseRashiya. Imyuziyamu ithathwa njengowomdala kunabo bonke abaseRussia Federation. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba iMyuziyamu yezobuGcisa kwiNdawo yaseNizhny Novgorod iyona mkhulu kule ndawo.

Kuza kube yimhla, i-museum ihlala kwizakhiwo ezimbini ezinomdla omkhulu. Amagumbi omabini anjongwa njengeempawu ezifanelekileyo zeenkcubeko, ukucwangciswa kwedolophu kunye nezokwakha, kunye nokubaluleka komsebenzi. Isakhiwo sokuqala yindlu yerhuluneli yempi (isakhiwo sesithathu kwi-Kremlin), kwaye yesibini yindlu yomthengisi ophumelelayo D.V. Sirotkin.

Ingcamango yokudala

Imyuziyamu enombuzo ungomnye walabo baqala ukuvela eMbusweni waseRussia baza bafikeleleka kunoma ubani ofuna ukutyelela. Unjingalwazi kunye nomculi unqwenela ukudala i-museum kunye nenkxaso ye-intelligentsia yengingqi. Bafuna ukudala indawo abaya kubaxelela ngayo abantu abaqhelekileyo ngembali yabo. Kwakhona umsebenzi obalulekileyo wemyuziyam kwakuza kugcina izikhumbuzo zenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezinenani elikhulu lembali. Kufanelekile ukuthetha ukuba imbono yabahlobo ababini yaphumelela: iMyuziyamu yezobugcisa yaseNizhny Novgorod e-Kremlin yaba yindawo yokuhlala emihle yamaxesha adlulileyo.

Imbali

I-museum yasungulwa nguprofesa we-Academy of Arts N.A. IKoshelev kunye nomculi weAA. Karelin. Loo mva wayeyindodana yodumo lwezithombe ze-photographer A.O. Karelin. Umhla osemthethweni wokuqala kobugcisa bemyuziyamu ngowama-1894. Kwakuloo nyaka iSixeko saseDuma samkela isigqibo kwintlanganiso kaJulayi 14. Ungakulibali ukuba ngeli xesha uMnuz Nizhny Novgorod wayenokuziqhayisa ngeemyuziyam ezintathu: i-Petrovsky imbali, i-Zemsky yendalo kunye neCawa ye-Diocese.

Ukuvulwa okukhulu kwemyuziyam kudibaniswe ne-XVI Yonke i-Russian Art and Exhibition Art. Kwaye kwenzeka emva kweminyaka emibini emva komhla wokuvula ngokusemthethweni-Juni 25, 1896. Abantu abaye bathatha inxaxheba ekudaleni imyuziyam banikezele ngeendlela zonke ekuvulekeni kwayo, kunye nokwenza iminikelo emininzi, banikezelwa ngamagalelo ahloniphekileyo, ayenziwe ngamanani athile ngokukodwa ngomhla wokuvula. Iingxowa ezili-25 zesilivere kunye needalesi ezingama-300 zethusi zakhutshwa. Bonke bahlakazeka, abantu abaninzi basezidolophini babekhathalele ngokunyanisekileyo malunga ne-museum entsha, ngazo zonke iindlela zokunceda ukuphuhliswa kwayo.

Ibalulekileyo elibalulekileyo kwimbali yale ndawo kukuba liye la tyelelwa ngumtshato wase-Imperial-uAlexra Feodorovna noNicholas II. Ngokukodwa ngomhla wokufika kwabo (ngoJulayi 19, 1896) kwahlawulwa ezimbini zeemali zegolide kwaye zanikelwa ngokunyanisekileyo.

Iimyuziyamu yavulwa eDmitrievskaya Tower of the Kremlin kwaye yayinomnyango wezobugcisa nezembali. Ngethuba elifanayo, umboniso omkhulu owenziwe kwixesha leengxaki uvele kwisakhiwo. Ezinye zeemiboniso zanikezelwa kumyuziyam.

Idilesi zezakhiwo

Ukuze ufike kwindawo efanelekileyo, kufuneka ukwazi apho i-museum ikhona khona namhlanje. Kwimbali yakhe yonke yatshintsha ezininzi "indawo zokuhlala". Bonke abatyeleli kufuneka baqaphele apho i-museum endala yeRashiya ifumaneka khona.

Okokuqala, kufuneka uqhubelele kwixesha elidlulileyo uze ubone apho "waphila khona" ngaphambili. Ukususela ngexesha lokuvulwa kwadalelwa ngo-1912, iMyuziyamu yezobugcisa yaseNizhny Novgorod yayiseDmitrievskaya Tower, inqaba enkulu yeNizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Iya ePozharsky Square kunye neMinin Square. Kwakhona, le ntonga ithathwa njengesango eliphambili elikhokelela kwinqaba. Ngaphezu koko, phakathi kwabemi baseDmitrievskaya Tower ibonwa njengomqondiso ongenamsebenzi wesixeko esithandekayo.

Emva koko, iMyuziyamu yezobugcisa yaseNizhny Novgorod yashukunyiselwa kwiNdlu yeSizwe soNobungqina iminyaka emithandathu . Sekude ngo-1918 "washukuthela" kwindlu yaseS SM. Lukavishnikov. Ukususela ngo-1924 ukuya ku-1992 i-museum yayisendlwini yakuba yintloko yeso sixeko kunye nomthengisi D.V. Sirotkin. Ukususela ngo-1992 ukuya kutsho namhlanje, imyuziyam ikhona kwiNdlu yeRhu lumente kwiNgingqi yeNizhny Novgorod Kremlin (isakhiwo sesi-3).

Uphononongo

I-Nizhny Novgorod Museum Museum (iNizhny Novgorod) ithathwa njengenye yeendawo ezininzi zeendawo phakathi kwabahlali kunye nabakhenkethi, obanika ingqondo engakaze ibe yinto yamandulo kunye nomoya wexesha elidala. Kubo bonke abaza apha, ukutyelela kule nyuziyamu kufuneka kube mfuneko. Abantu abaye bayityelela, baqaphele ukubonakala kwayo okubalulekileyo, inani elikhulu lemiboniso, kunye nomoya okhethekileyo kwisakhiwo ngokwawo, esithatha yonke into.

Kuwo wonke umntu, i-museum isebenza phantse yonke imihla ukusuka kwi-11 ukuya kwi-18 iiyure, ngaphandle kweLibini (ivaliwe). NgoLwesine - ukususela kwi-12 ukuya kwi-20. I-studio yobugcisa bemyuziyam ifundisa ekufundiseni abantwana nabadala ubugcisa obuhle. Ungabhalisela kwisifundo nanini na ixesha elifanelekileyo. Amaqela ahlulwe ngokweminyaka, nangaphambi kokufunda esikolweni bangakwazi ukuya kwiiklasi.

Ixabiso labakhenkethi

I-Museum ye-Nizhny Novgorod yeMbali yeMbali, eneembali ezahlukahlukeneyo, isona sinye yeendawo ezithandayo kubavakhenkethi behlabathi lonke. Oku akumangalisi, kuba isakhiwo sisakhiwo esihle kakhulu, esifanelekileyo kwiseshoni zesithombe kunye nokuhamba. Kodwa umangaliso omkhulu umhambi ngamnye ulinde ngaphakathi, ngenxa yokuba uwela umda kumyuziyam, umntu uwela ngexesha elihluke ngokupheleleyo. Ubuhle, ubuhle kunye nokunciphisa umhlobiso kuphakamisa kumntu ukuqonda ukuba abantu abanezinto eziye zenziwa kwiimyuziyam baye benza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo.

Imibukiso

Imyuziyam yobuGcisa be-Nizhny Novgorod, eboniswa kakhulu yimiboniso, iqhuba rhoqo imimangaliso emikhulu, apho wonke umntu angayityelela. Kwakhona, iminyuziyamu inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yokuncedisa, ifuna ukuba wonke umntu athathe inxaxheba kwimini yokudala.

Imiboniso yamanje yeemyuziyam zihluke kakhulu. Wonke umntu unokutyelela umcimbi oyifunayo kwaye ujabulele ubuhle beeyadlulileyo. Iimyuziyamu ineemiboniso ezisisigxina, ezihlala zifumaneka ukutyelela. Kufanelekile ukuthetha ukuba imibukiso emihle ibe yigxina, ukwenzela ukuba abakhenkethi bayayiqonda imilingo yeetalenta zabaculi. Ngokuqhelekileyo iimyuziyam ziqhuba imiboniso ezinikezelwe kwiIgalari yeTrtyakov. Ubugcisa bwanamhlanje abukwazi ukubona, unokutyelela umboniso womdwebi waseNigor Levine. Phakathi kwemibukiso engapheli ingatholakala iqoqo lepeysi yaseNtshona Yurophu, ubugcisa baseRussia, isilivere yobugcisa.

Yintoni eyenzekayo namhlanje?

Kuza kube yimhla, iNyuzhny Novgorod Museum of Art Crafts inxaxheba ekufundeni iindibano kwimbali yobugcisa, ukuqhuba iiklasi zeeklasi, izifundo zezemfundo nophuhliso lwabantwana nabantu abadala, kunye nezifundo kwi-studio yobugcisa. Ungathengela ukubhalisa ukuya kwiintetho, umculo kunye nezobugcisa.

Izihlandlo

Imyuziyam yembali yemisebenzi yobugcisa yendawo yaseNizhny Novgorod ibandakanyeke ngokukhawuleza ekuqhubeni iziganeko ze-excursion. Unako ukubhalisa njengeqela ukuqhelana neziboniso, kunye nekhosi yokuqala. Izikhokelo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zokuhamba, ezisoloko zisebenza-yinkcubeko yasekhaya yaseYurophu nasekhaya. Phakathi kweendwendwe zokubheka ezidlulayo ngexesha lexesha, unokwazi ukuhlukanisa oku: ukubonakaliswa kobugcisa baseRashiya beminyaka eyi-XIV-XX, ichaza ukuphuhliswa kobugcisa obuhle ukusuka kwiimpawu ukuya kwi-avant-garde, ukubonakaliswa kwesilivere yobuciko be-15 ukuya ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Imveliso yasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, ukuhlaziywa okubanzi kwenkcubeko yaseNtshona (El Greco, Jordaens, Renoir, Cranach). Ngokwahlukileyo kuyafaneleka ukuphawula i-excursion "INgqina leMbali", elinikezelwe ngokupheleleyo kwifilimu ethi "Isibhengezo seK. Minin" K.E. Makovsky. Ngethuba lexesha elibiweyo, kuxelwa malunga nembali, isakhiwo somfanekiso, izizathu zokubonakala kwengubo kunye nokuphicothwa kweefayili zomsindo.

Ngokukodwa kubantwana besikolo, zihlala zilungelelaniso ezihambelana neJamani, eHolland, eFransi. Ukucatshungulwa ngokukhethekileyo ngexesha lokuthandana, iSiliva yobudala beencwadi zaseRashiya, iintlobo zobugcisa, umfanekiso, umfanekiso, imibala yemifanekiso. Kuba bonke abahlali beli dolophu kukho ukuhamba ngeemfihlelo zendlu kaDVV. I-Sirotkina, ngubani oza kuxela amaninzi amanqaku anomdla kunye angaziwa malunga nobomi bentloko yesixeko. Ngokwahlukileyo kuyafaneleka ukuthabatha ama-excursions anikezelwe ubugcisa obuhle kwiTestamente Elidala.

Iifoto zemyuziyam

I-Museum ye-Art Museum yaseNizhny Novgorod yindawo enhle abafoto bezithombe abathanda kakhulu. Imifanekiso kunye neyamyuziyamu itholakala kwimiboniso evulekile nevuliwe, imiboniso. Iingcali zithi isakhiwo sichaza ngokuchanekileyo umoya, kwaye yinto entle kakhulu yokufotoza.

Iifoto zobugcisa zemyuziyamu zidlalwa ngokukhawuleza, iimali zinikezelwa ukuphuhliswa kwesakhiwo, kunye nokuzaliswa kweqoqo. Bonke abatyeleli bangenza umfanekiso okhunjulwayo.

Ukucaphula, kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba iMyuziyamu yezobuGcisa yaseNizhny Novgorod iyisikhumbuzo esithile esiyingqayizivele saseRussia, esiye saziwa kwihlabathi lonke. Imoya yokomoya, inani elikhulu lemiboniso, ukuhamba kunye neenkqubo zokuzonwabisa kwenza wonke umntu afunde izinto ezininzi ezithakazelisayo. Iimyuziyam kufuneka zihanjiswe ngabani na abafuna ukungenelela umoya wokomoya waseRussia baze bazi "imfesane yomphefumlo waseRashiya."