Iyintoni ifom yokwakheka kwe-isoprene

Yintoni i-isoprene? Ifom yobhaliweyo yeli qela lihambelana nochungechunge lwe-homologous of diene hydrocarbons, kwaye lune-CnH2n-2. Makhe sihlaziye ezinye iindlela zokufumana le mveliso yeekhemikhali, kwakunye nokufumanisa iindawo eziphambili zesicelo sayo.

Inkcazo emfutshane yeempawu zenyama

Makhe sibhale izinto ezisisiseko zomzimba we-isoprene. Le diene i-hydrocarbon inetyhefu, ine-solubility engabalulekanga kumanzi. Ukugxininiswa okuphezulu kwesi sigulo kunemiphumo yonyango. Ukuxinwa okuvumelekileyo, okungenakonakalisa abantu, ngu-40 mg / cm ³ . Ngokunyuka kwesi sixalathisi, i-2-methylbutadiene-1,3 ayichaphazelekanga ingqondo yabantu. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo le nto ingumququzeli ongekho embala ongenabala kunye neqondo eliphantsi lokubilisa.

Iimpawu zamakhemikhali

Iyintoni ifom yokwakheka kwe- isoprene? Kulo lwakhiwo lwe-organic compound kukho iibhondi ezimbini ezibini. Nguye obalaseleyo ukusebenzisana kwamakhemikhali okubambisene nalo mmeli we-diene ehlanganiswe nezinye izinto eziphilayo kunye nezendalo. I-Isoprene iyakhutshwa ngokukhawuleza emoyeni yomoya, ngelixa iimveliso ze-peroxide ziyimveliso yokusabela.

Polymerization

Ingaba i-isoprene ingena ukungcoliswa? Ifom yefom yeklasi apho i-hydrocarbon ikhona yiCnH2n-2. Njengabanye abameli be-homologous series of butadiene-1,3, i-isoprene iyakwazi ukwakha i-molecular molecule.

Kwinkqubo yokwenza i-polymerization, ukwakheka kwe-cis kunye ne-trans isomers ye-polyisoprene, ezifana neerbha yendalo.

Ukufumana irubha yemvelo

Yintoni ukulungiswa kwe-isoprene? Impendulo eyenzekayo kule meko ixhunyiwe nokuguqulwa kwe-monomer isoprene kwi-polymer-polyisoprene. Ukuhlukanisa ierubha yemvelo enesakhiwo esifanayo kunye ne-2-methylbutadiene-1,3, isisityambo se-lacteal semithi yashushu.

Ijusi ephumayo ixutywe, equka unyango nge-sulfur chloride. Kule mpendulo yamachiza, i-rubber ithatha inani elithile lesulfure, ifumana iplastiki, i-elasticity. Imveliso yokwenza i-polymerization ayixhomeki kwiinguqu zokushisa, imichiza enobudlova. Ifom yefom ye-isoprene ichaza iimpawu zenkqubo yoxhatshazo.

Ukuba kule nxaxheba yeekhemikhali ithatha isulfure kwi-25 ukuya kuma-40 ekhulwini, unokufumana i-ebonite. Le nkunkuma inamandla amakhulu, isetyenziswe njengento ebonakalayo ekhuselayo. Ifomulural formula ye-isoprene, edibene nesulfure, ayinayo iibhondi ezimbini. Yona isakhiwo semveliso kwaye ichaza amandla ayo.

I-Polyisoprene rubbers iqwalasela zonke iipolym esetyenziswa ekuveliseni iinqwelo, imoto, amagumbi ebhayisikili kunye namathayi.

Yintoni enye enokuyichazela ifom yefom ye-isoprene? Iyakwazi ukusabela ngokuphindaphinda kabini kunye nama-molecule e-halogenated hydrocarbons, halogens, hydrogen, namanzi. Ezi mpendulo zibonisa ukuba i-isoprene ikwaseklasini yama-hydrocarboni angabonakaliyo.

Izindlela zokuveliswa kwemveliso

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokufumana i-industrial isoprene. Ngokomzekelo, ekuphenduleni kwe-acetylene ne-acetone, impendulo ibandakanya ukuveliswa kwemveliso ephakathi kwe-methylbutynol. Emva kokuba i-hydrogenation yayo, ifomathi yokutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi emva koko. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukufumana i-2-methylbutadiene-1,3 ukusuka kwipropylene. Xa ukhetha i-catalysts, i-methan inokufumaneka njengento eyongezelelweyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-isoprene

Ubuninzi be-isoprene eveliswayo isetyenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kweerubha e-isoprene. Kuphantse kufaneka kwiimpawu zenyama kunye neekhemikhali kwizinto zendalo. Phakathi kwezigaba zesicelo se-al-molecular molecule esilungile, sibiza ukuveliswa kweevili zamatye.

Ukongeza kwi-cis-isomerom, phakathi kweemveliso ze-polymerization kukho kwakhona umsetyenzana oguquguqukayo oneziganeko ze-gutta-percha. Ayikho isicelo esicwangcisiweyo sezentengiso. Le nxalenye yepolymer iya ekudaleni iibhola zegalufu, kunye nokuvelisa izixhobo zombane. Phakathi kwamasebe abalulekileyo ekusebenziseni i-isoprene kukuhlanganiswa kwezixhobo ze-polymeric ze-styrene-isoprene-styrene uhlobo. Imveliso yolu hlobo isetyenziswa njengempahla ye-thermoplastiki kunye ne-adhesive adhesive.

I-Isoprene iyimfuneko kwi-synthetic ye-rubyber butyl, umxholo wayo obuninzi kuyo ifikelela kwipesenti ezintathu.

Ukususela ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlulileyo, ukuveliswa kwemveliso ye-terpenes ukusuka kumxube wokuqala we-isoprene, i-acetylene, i-acetone yaqala e-United States of America. Ithekhnoloji apho le ndlela isekelwe khona i-synthesis-stage.