AS Pushkin, incwadana ethi "Eugene Onegin": iingxaki, iingqungquthela, iingcaphuno

U-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin ungumlobi waseRussia, umbhali weprose kunye nomdlali weqhawe le-XIX leminyaka. Nguye lowo umsekeli weRashiya ngokoqobo. Umlobi omkhulu uthathwa njengelinye lamanani amaninzi asemthethweni ngexesha lakhe. Kwiminyaka eyisibhozo wadala inveli kwivesi ebizwa ngokuthi "uEugene Onegin". Iingxaki ezinikezwe kumfundi kulo msebenzi zisasebenza namhlanje. Kule nqaku awufumani nje inkcazo yeengxaki kunye nenjongo yelveli, kodwa nayo imbali yendalo yayo, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezithakazelisayo nolwazi.

Imbali yokudala umsebenzi wokuphayona

U-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin waqala ukubhala "u-Eugene Onegin" ngowe-1823, kwaye wagqiba kuphela ngo-1831. I-Pushkin ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba ngumdlalo wakhe. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba "ngu-Eugene Onegin" - umsebenzi wokuqala kwi-repertoire yombongi, obhaliweyo kwisitayela sokungqinelana.

Ekuqaleni uAlexander Pushkin wayecwangcise ukubandakanya kwincwadi ye-9 izahluko, kodwa emva kokubhala wayeshiya kuphela 8. Lo msebenzi uchaza iziganeko ze-1819-1825. Incwadana ingabonakali nje ngomgca wothando, kodwa iindawo ezintle zoluntu. Kungenxa yesi sizathu sokuba umsebenzi usasebenza nanamhlanje.

"U-Eugene Onegin" yi-encyclopedia yobomi baseRussia, kuba ukuchazwa kwimihla ngemihla kunye nobunzulu beenkcazelo zabalinganiswa kubonisa abafundi ukuba baqonde iimpawu zobomi babantu beXIXX. Incwadi ethi "Eugene Onegin" yapapashwa kwiindawo (izahluko). Ezinye iinkcukacha zapapashwa kumaphephancwadi. Ukupapashwa kwesahluko ngasinye kwaba ngumcimbi ongaqhelekanga kuluntu. Inxalenye yokuqala yashicilelwa ngo-1825.

Isicwangciso seveli

Ukunyaniseka kwincwadi yesiRashiya, njengoko sele ikhankanywe ngaphambili, yaboniswa kuqala kumsebenzi omtsha, owawumbhali uAlexander Pushkin. Umlingisi ophezulu wenveli nguEugene Onegin. Ungumfana osemncinci owayefunde kakhulu kwaye wahola indlela yokuphila. Into ephambili kuye yayiye ukutyelela iibhola kunye neemahala. U-Onegin naye wayethanda ukuba nesidlo kunye nabahlobo kwiziko elidume kakhulu laseSt. Petersburg. Kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukhathala ngendlela enjalo yobomi, kwaye iqhawe liwela kwingcinezelo enkulu.

Emva kokufunda ngesifo esifanelekileyo somalume, u-Eugene Onegin ushiya ilali. Xa efika, ufumanisa ukuba isihlobo sakhe asisaphila. Ekubeni umlingisi oyintloko wayeyindlalifa yedwa, ke yonke indawo iya kuyo. U-Eugene Onegin ukholelwa ukuba le dolophu inesidingo esinzulu sokuguqulwa nokuguqulwa. Nangona ezi ngcamango zihlala kwiqhawe, uyazi kwaye uqala ukugcina ubudlelwane noLensky, umnini-mhlaba osemtsha. Umhlobo omtsha unikeza u-Onegin kwintsapho yaseLarin, apho odade ababini bahlala khona. Omnye wabo - uTatiana, owayenomngcipheko ekuqaleni ekuthandeni no-Eugene omncinane.

Kwibhola le-Larin, phakathi kweLensky kunye no-Onegin, kukho ukuxabana okuye kwadlula kakhulu kwaye kwaphela kwintlanzi phakathi kwabahlobo bokuqala. Emva kokuba Onegin abulale uLensky ekulweni, ushiya ukuphazamiseka ukuhamba. Ngeli xesha uTatiana utshatile.

Ngenye yeebhola u-Onegin noTatyana badibana. Umntu oqaqambileyo ngokukhawuleza uvuselela uthando oluyintombi. Xa ebuyela ekhaya, u-Eugene uyakhela iTatiana incwadi enothando, ekukhawuleza ayiphendule. Intombazana ithi iyakuthanda umfana omncinci, kodwa ayikwazi ukuba naye, kuba sele sele yindoda esitshatileyo: "Kodwa ndinikezelwa kwelinye kwaye ndiya kuthembeka kuye inkulungwane".

Iinkcukacha zomdlali wecandelo lomsebenzi

Iimpawu ze-Onegin zichazwe ngokucacileyo kumfundi kwisahluko sokuqala nesokugqibela senveli. Umlingisi oyintloko unzima kakhulu. Ingqondo yakhe yokuzithemba ibukhali, kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile uEvgeni unyanzelekile ukuba enze ukulungelelanisa kuluntu, kuba uyesaba ukulahlwa. Kwimveli, umbhali unikeza imigca emininzi enikezelwe ebuntwaneni be-protagonist, echaza ngeendlela ezithile ukuziphatha kwakhe kwangoku. U-Eugene ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala zobomi bekhulile. Ekuboneni kokuqala, ubuntwaneni buka-Onegin bubuhle kwaye abukhathazeki, kodwa ngokwenene yonke into eyayayazi naye ngokukhawuleza yayimvusa.

Umfana omdala uhlala ebomini. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-Onegin ifika kwaye igqoke indlela eqhelekileyo kuluntu - ngale ndlela uyayinayo iminqweno yakhe. Umfanekiso womntu oyintloko unzima kwaye uhluka. Ukukhanyela amabango akhe akumthinteli ithuba lokuba nguye.

U-Eugene Onegin wakhawuleza nawuphi na umfazi. Wasebenzisa ixesha lakhe lokukhulula kwindawo yokuzonwabisa, kungekudala wayemkhathaza ngokukhawuleza. Onegin ayixabisi abantu. Ukuqinisekiswa kwalokhu - i-duel neLensky. U-Eugene uyabulala kalula umhlobo kungekho sizathu esihle. Impawu ezintle ze-protagonist zivela phambi komfundi ekupheleni kweveli. Ukubona kwakhona uTatyana, uyaqonda ukuba akukho nto ivuselela intliziyo ngokunyaniseka. Kodwa, ngelishwa, iqhawe likhawuleza ukuqonda le nyaniso.

Ubomi kunye nokuziphatha kobuhle

"Sonke sifunde into encinane ngandlela-thile" - isicatshulwa esivela kwincwadi ethi "Eugene Onegin", edlalwa ngamanye amaxesha namhlanje. Intsikelelo yalo ibonakalisa ukubunjwa okungqalileyo kwintlalo ephakamileyo ngexesha leMfazwe yePatriotic ye-1812. Ubuhle baseMoscow nasePetersburg bahlula kwiimbono zabo zibe ngamaqela amabini: isizukulwana sokuqala - isizukulwana esidala, kunye nesibini - abafana abancinci. Ininzi yabo ayifuni ukwenza nantoni na ukuzama into ethile. Ngaloo mihla, okuphambili kwakukho ulwazi lwesiFrentshi kunye nokukwazi ukuguqa ngokufanelekileyo nokudanisa. Kule nto, ukulangazelela ulwazi, njengomthetho, kwaphela. Oku kuqinisekiswa ngcaphuno evela kwireveli, leyo, ngenxa yobungqina bayo, ayiyi kuba yinto engaphantsi yokuphinda ithi: "Sonke sifunde into encinci ngandlela-thile."

Phakathi kobukhulu bentloko, bobabini uthando kunye nobudlelwane babengekho kwi-credit. Kwabanjalo, kwakungekho ncam 'ingqiqo yenkxaso yobudlelwane. Ukuzonwabisa kunye nokutshintsha kwezinto ezonwabileyo kuphela yindlela ebantwini abavela kuluntu oluphakamileyo. Konke oku kukhawuleza kwondla i-Onegin, kuba ubomi obomi nobomi babonakala bethandeka kwaye bodwa. Enye yezihlandlo ezibalulekileyo eziboniswe kwincwadi ethi "Eugene Onegin" kukubonakalisa indlela yokuphila yabathengi kunye noluntu lwalo xesha.

Uthando nomsebenzi kwincwadi ethi "Eugene Onegin"

U-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin ngumlobi owadala ebudeni benkulungwane edlulileyo, kodwa imisebenzi yakhe isasebenza namhlanje. Enye yezona zinto zithandwa kakhulu yiyona ncwadi "Eugene Onegin". Ziziphi iingxaki ezilethwa ngabafundi kubafundi?

Ulonwaba kunye nomsebenzi yenye yeengxaki eziphambili ezinikezwa kwincwadana ka-Alexander Pushkin "uEugene Onegin". Akuxhatshazi nje kuphela i-protagonist kunye neTatiana, kodwa kunye nabazali beentombazana. Unina kaTatyana wayenokutshata nomnye umntu, ngokuba wayemthanda. Emva kokugqiba umtshato nomntu ongathandekiyo, wakhala kunye nokuhlupheka, kodwa ekugqibeleni washiya. Ngokudakisayo, uTatyana waphinda wabuyela ekufeni komama wakhe. Wayemthanda u-Eugene Onegina ngentliziyo yakhe yonke, waza watshata ngomnye umntu. Intombazana ibeka umsebenzi ngaphezu kwothando kwaye ihlale nomyeni wayo, ongenakuvakalelwa. Ngaloo ndlela, ukukhulisana kukuchaphazela, kwaye i-heroine ibingelela uvuyo lwakhe egameni leziseko ezithintekayo ukususela ebuntwaneni.

Kunzima ukuphikisana nenyaniso yokuba enye yezona zinto zithandwa kakhulu kunye nezobugcisa bePushkin ngu-Eugene Onegin. Iingxaki ezichazwe kwincwadi leyo zenza umsebenzi wombhali owaziwayo kwihlabathi lonke.

Ingxaki yokuchonga inxaxheba kuluntu

Kwincwadi ethi "Eugene Onegin" iqhawe liboniswa ekusebenzisaneni noluntu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ukutshintsha imeko yangaphandle eyenzeka ebomini buka-Onegin kutshintsha indlela yakhe yokuziphatha nokuziphatha. Umntu oyintloko uziphatha ngokungafaniyo kwimeko yelizwe kunye neyengqungquthela. Ngokomzekelo, eSt. Petersburg Onegin ibonisa imbeko kunye nemfundo, kwaye kwidolophana, ngokuchaseneyo, uyayigxeka imigaqo yokuziphatha. Ukuqhubela phambili kule nto, sinokugqiba ukuba umlingisi oyintloko akaqhelekanga kwiintlondi nobuxoki.

Ingxaki yokufumana intsingiselo yobomi kwintanethi yasePushkin "Eugene Onegin"

Endleleni yobomi kukho abantu abahlukileyo. Abanye banamandla, banyanisekile kwiimbono zabo zehlabathi, ngoxa abanye, ngokuchaseneyo, benza iimpazamo ezininzi kwaye abanakufumana indlela eyinyani. Kwizinto ezininzi zokucamngca, abafundi bakhokelwa yileveli "Eugene Onegin". Iingxaki ezinxulumene nokufumana intsingiselo yobomi zinceda ukuziqonda.

Abalinganiswa abakhulu kwiveliba ngabantu abavakalelwa bodwa kwimeko yendalo. Bayakwazi ukubonisa uthando kunye nosizi. U-Onegin, umzekelo, uyayidelela uluntu kwaye lukhokelela ekudakaleni okukhulu. UTatyana ulungele ukuziphatha okumsulwa. Injongo yaso ephambili kukuthanda nokuthandwa, kodwa umoya olawulayo nge heroine ngezinye izikhathi utshintsha, njengabantu abawujikelezile. Nangona kunjalo, uTatiana uhlala engenatyala kunye nokuziphatha okungenasiphako. Kodwa i-protagonist ekugqibeleni iyayiqonda ukuba ngubani na owamkelileyo, kwaye oku kukuphazamisa ukulungiswa komntu. Kuloo mzekelo we-Onegin, umbhali womsebenzi ubonisa indlela umntu odibanisa ngayo ubuqotho nobungokomoya bomnye angatshintsha.

Incwadana ekhethekileyo yaseRussia

Ngekhulu le-19, iirekhodi zikaByron kunye noWalter Scott zazidume kakhulu. Ukusuka kwinqanaba lembono, babehlala bedibaniswa nenombolo ye-poetic yePushkin. Izahluko zokuqala ezipapashwe ngo-"Eugene Onegin" zenze ukuba kuhlaziywe kuluntu. Ukuphonononga malunga nemveliso eyahluke kakhulu phakathi kwabo.

Ngomsebenzi wokuphayona umbhali udibanisa iintlobo ezininzi kunye nezitayela. Kwimveli yakhe uAlexander Pushkin uzuze ukunyaniseka nokuvumelanisa kwesi silwimi, iindlela zokubonisa ingcamango yobugcisa. "U-Eugene Onegin" - inoveli yokuqala eRashiya, ebhalwe kwifom ye-poetic. Abahlalutyi banamhlanje baye bazama kaninzi ukufumanisa ukuba iingcambu zentlalo nezengxelo zengqungquthela yomsebenzi - "umntu ongenanto" kuluntu -. Ngokuqhelekileyo babecinga ukuba ukudala umfanekiso ka-Onegin bekunxulumene noHarold ka Byron.

Izixhobo zomfanekiso weTatiana

UTatyana Larina ngu-heroine oyintloko kaveli ka-Alexander Pushkin "uEugene Onegin". Kuyaphawuleka ukuba umbhali kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe uchaza umfanekiso wesifazane omhle waseRussia. Tatiana ekuboneni kokuqala kwaye bonke ubomi bakhe bathandana no-Onegin, kwaye owokuqala uyavuma kuye ngeemvakalelo zakhe. Kodwa entliziyweni yenhliziyo ka-Eugene kwakungenanto yokuthanda intombazana.

Ngomfanekiso wezinto zeTatiana ezidibaniseneyo zidibanisa ngokupheleleyo: i-heroine ithanda ukuqagela, ifunde iireveli kwaye ikholelwa kwimimiselo, nangona inkolo inokwaneleyo. Ihlabathi elicebileyo elingaphakathi liyamangalisa abanye. Kungenxa yesi sizathu sokuba uziva ekhululekile nakweliphi na uluntu. Akaphosi nakwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Kwaye i heroine iyakuthanda ukuphupha.

Emva kokuphelelwa kwexesha, emva kokuba ufumene ukuvuma u-Eugene Onegin, intombazana yenza ngobulumko. U-Tatiana uxinzelela iimvakalelo zakhe waza wenza isigqibo sokuhlala nomyeni wakhe. Emva koko, ubudlelwane no-Onegin buya kuba yingozi kwi heroine.

Ukuziphatha okulungileyo kombhali

Njengoko satsho ngaphambili, uTatiana Larina ekupheleni kwencwadana wenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo lokuziphatha. Akafihla ukuba uthanda u-Eugene Onegin, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo i-heroine ikholelwa ukuba inokuba yindoda yakhe esemthethweni kuphela.

NguTatyana onomntu othe tye kunye nokuziphatha emsebenzini. Uzenza iimpazamo, kodwa ke wenze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo kwaye enze isigqibo esifanelekileyo. Ukuba ufunda ngokucophelela imigca yencwadana, kuyacaca ukuba uTatyana uyilungele umlobi ngokwakhe. Ngokuphambene noko, kumzekelo we-Onegin, ubonisa zonke iinto ezimbi zentlalo, kuba i-protagonist yencwadi inobugovu kunye nekratshi. Kwakubunjalo bobuqu, njengo-Eugene, ababengummeli oqaqambileyo. Ngako oko, wabonakala kwintleveli njengomfanekiso oqokelelweyo womphakathi ophezulu waseSt. Petersburg.

Ukhetho lokuziphatha kwamaqhawe luyakuthandeka. Umzekelo obalaseleyo ngumdumba weLensky kunye no-Onegin. I-protagonist ayifuni ukuya kuyo, kodwa uyathobela uluvo loluntu. Ngenxa yoko, uLensky uyafa, kwaye lo luhlobo lokujika. Kwaye emva kweso siganeko esicacisayo sokuba iveli yaguqula ukuhamba kwayo.

Ukuqulunqa

Incwadi ka-Alexander Pushkin "uEugene Onegin" ngumsebenzi wokuqala kwindinyana, ebhalwe ngomoya wokwenene. Abalinganiswa abasemgangathweni ngumfana omncinane u-Onegin, intombazana yaseTatiana Larina kunye nomnini-mhlaba uLenski. Incwadana inxulumene nenani elikhulu lemigca kunye nemifanekiso. Le yenye yezizathu ezenza umsebenzi unomdla kwaye ufundise. Incwadana nayo inenkathazo yangempela nayiphi na ixesha: ukucinga okusisigxina ngenjongo yobomi kunye nendawo yayo kuluntu ichaphazelekayo. Inkxwaleko yomsebenzi kukuba kunzima ukufanisa imibono yendalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iminqweno nemimiselo yabo. Ngokuqinisekileyo oku kukukhokelela ekuhlaleni kunye nohanahaniso. Ukongezelela, uzive njengomntu ongaqhelekanga kuluntu, njengoko umlingisi owona mkhulu uvakalelwa kukuba, unengxaki yengqondo. Kwaye, ke, umxholo onothando olungonwabiyo unomtsalane kubafundi. Umsebenzi ubhaliwe ngokucacileyo kwaye unomdla, ngoko ke, umntu ogqibayo ukufunda incwadana ethi "Eugene Onegin" ayiphutha. Iingxaki ezibonakaliswa kumsebenzi ziza kubakho ukucinga kwaye zibonise izinto ezithandekayo kwiXesti yeXIX.